Project cost management is a systematic activity to predict, calculate, determine and monitor the project cost and its changes under the proposed planning and design scheme, and finally achieve the expected goal, which includes two meanings: reasonable determination and effective control of the project cost. Generally speaking, the key to investment control of construction projects lies in the decision-making stage and design stage. However, after the project officially started, due to the influence of personnel, materials and equipment and construction machinery. Due to the constant change and mutual restriction of construction technology and construction environment, the cost management in the construction stage is prone to deviation, and the dynamic bonus investment also shows that the investment control at this time is the most difficult.
Therefore, the author tries to talk about his own understanding through the project cost management in the construction stage.
1 Importance and content of project cost management in construction stage
The process of transforming design drawings, raw materials, semi-finished products and equipment into engineering entities in the construction stage is the main stage to realize the value and use value of construction projects. The project cost control in the construction stage is an important part of the whole process cost management of construction projects.
1. 1 Importance of strengthening project cost management in dormant stage On the premise that the design scheme has been finalized, the quality of cost management in construction stage will directly affect the project budget and completion settlement.
1. 1. 1 Strengthen the cost management in the construction stage to ensure that the budget is realistic. In practical engineering, due to the variable factors of construction projects, if there are any changes, you need a visa to obtain first-hand information. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the cost management of individual projects, unit projects, sub-projects and sub-projects in the construction stage.
1. 1.2 The cost management in the construction stage is an important basis for the completion settlement. Completion settlement is an important basis for project completion acceptance and delivery. Completion settlement is often higher than the construction budget, which requires that all changes in the construction process should be provided to the owner's supervision representative for signature and approval in time, as well as other original records and visa credentials in the construction process to pave the way for future completion settlement.
1.2 contents of project cost management in the construction stage; the knowledge involved in cost management in the construction stage is relatively deep, including a wide range of contents. In the actual management work, we must grasp the key points and make a breakthrough.
1.2. 1 Speed up the construction progress. The longer the construction period, the greater the cost, mainly because the indirect cost increases with the extension of time, and the more concentrated the manpower, material resources and financial resources needed for the construction project, the greater the cost, which requires optimizing the cost accounting of the construction period and doing the biggest thing with the least money as much as possible.
1.2.2 Strengthen the quality management in the construction stage. A construction project does not have excellent quality assurance, leaving many sequelae. The more projects are repaired, the higher the cost. Therefore, only the quality can keep up, can we ensure the smooth progress of the construction and improve the cost management in the construction stage.
2. Measures to strengthen project cost management in the construction stage
2. 1 Strengthen the procurement and management of materials and equipment. Material costs account for a large proportion in construction projects, generally accounting for 70% of the budgeted value and about 80% of the direct costs. Therefore, the quantity and price of materials have a great influence on the project cost in the construction stage. Only by strictly controlling the amount of materials in the contract and reasonably determining the price of materials can the project cost be effectively controlled. To strengthen the budget, planning, procurement, receiving, picking, use, supervision, recycling and other aspects of the material responsibility system, implemented to people. Before purchasing, we should master the bidding quotation and consumption of materials and equipment, and carefully analyze the price trend of materials market in time. Commercial concrete, steel, sandstone and other bulk materials should be compared and selected, and suppliers should be organized to bid for large-scale engineering projects, and the quality, service and price should be repeatedly compared to choose the best one. Materials and equipment entering the construction site should have a strict acceptance system, sign for their quantity and quality, and resolutely refuse to sign if they do not meet the requirements; In the process of using materials, arrange materials in strict accordance with the consumption quota of building materials and the progress of the project, supervise the amount of materials, prevent waste and make rational use of resources.
2.2 Optimizing the allocation of construction personnel Generally speaking, the labor cost accounts for about 65,438+02% of the project cost, and the labor cost is mainly determined according to the labor quantity and labor price required by the project. Due to the increasing rural surplus labor force, the main source of urban construction labor force is migrant workers, and there are many ways of team contracting in construction sites. Due to the different sources of labor and different technical levels, it is necessary to screen all teams, select teams with excellent skills to contract the construction work of various types of work, control the construction quality from the first link of on-site construction work, reduce waste, shorten the construction period and reduce costs and construction expenses.
2.3 Strictly control the change and control the project budget within the budgetary estimate. There are many reasons for the changes in construction, such as the rough design of the project, which leads to the inconsistency between the actual project and the drawings provided when winning the bid; At present, the specifications and standards of materials supplied in the market do not meet the design requirements, and these problems have left a living factor for the project cost. Therefore, in the process of construction, changes must be strictly controlled, and it is strictly forbidden to expand the construction scale, improve the design standards and increase the construction content through design changes. It is best to implement the system of "grading control and quota visa". Necessary design changes, especially those involving cost increase or decrease, must be signed by the representatives of the design unit, the site representatives of the construction unit and the supervision engineer, and such changes should be realized as soon as possible to reduce losses, because the completed or partially completed project contents still need to be demolished, which will inevitably lead to major change losses. To this end, the construction unit should assign project cost management professionals to stay at the construction site to master and control the changes of project cost at any time.
2.4 Strictly manage the on-site visa and keep abreast of the changes in the project cost. During the construction process, the construction unit should strengthen the on-site construction management, urge the construction party to carry out the construction according to the drawings, strictly control the negotiation of changes, material substitution, on-site visa, extra labor and various extra-budgetary expenses, and settle the necessary changes before spending money. Once there is a change, calculate the increase or decrease of the cost due to the change of workload in time, keep abreast of the amount of the project cost, avoid the backlog of things, and realize the project cost. The site representative of the construction unit shall urge the construction party to make all kinds of records, especially the concealed engineering records and visa work. Reduce wrangling in settlement. Many projects have brought great trouble to project settlement because of careless on-site visas, resulting in considerable economic losses. Therefore, strict on-site visa management is the key to control the project cost in the construction stage.
2.5 implement the responsibility system for individual or unit projects and strengthen investment control. Effective investment control is based on effective enterprise management system. In order to effectively control the project cost, measures are taken from the aspects of organization, technology, economy, contract and information management. In the process of building construction, it is necessary to divide the unit project into individual projects or professional projects, combine the project number with the technical and economic work number, implement the whole process management from project bidding, contract negotiation, cost budget, signing and paying progress payment to final accounts and cost analysis, and strictly control the cost of each individual project. Technical measures shall be taken for the project number. In the construction stage, strictly review the construction organization design, supervise the construction quality and control the construction period. And study the possibility of saving investment from the technical field; Economically, the Economic Work Company takes measures to strictly examine various expenses, conduct dynamic tracking, collect data and analyze material price information in different periods.
In the payment of project price, it is necessary to formulate relevant management regulations. The requirements for project payment must be: after the work number, technical economy, finance and supervision personnel responsible for the project are audited, the project progress payment will be submitted to the relevant leaders for approval in strict accordance with the completed workload.
In the final accounts of the project completion, it is necessary to formulate relevant systems, abide by the contract, strictly control the extra-budgetary expenses of the project, strictly control the cost of each individual project, and reduce the expenses for the workload not completed according to the requirements of the drawings and the construction visa not implemented according to the regulations; All expenses explicitly included in the terms of the contract are included in the risk expenses. If the contract is not performed in accordance with the terms of the contract, the expenses will be reduced.
To sum up, in the construction stage, in the actual project management, it is of great significance to take effective measures to strengthen the cost management in the construction stage for making good use of funds and improving investment efficiency. The cost control in the construction stage is closely related to the reasonable utilization of project quality, progress, materials and manpower, and it requires the joint efforts of the owners and contractors to realize the smooth progress of the project construction, achieve the set goals and achieve a double harvest of social and economic benefits.
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