Early pregnancy
1, blood test: In the early pregnancy, before there is no fetal heart germ, the fetal development can only be judged by blood test to check progesterone and HCG. If progesterone is low, HCG is not twice as good or even not, which means that fetal growth is not good, that is, fetal growth is not good.
2, B-ultrasound examination: 6-8 weeks pregnant or 12 weeks, usually go to the hospital for B-ultrasound examination. After 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, it is mainly to exclude ectopic pregnancy to see if there is a fetal heart rate; Pregnancy 12 weeks mainly depends on the development of the fetus to judge whether there is early abortion. , that is, indirectly judge the development of the fetus, whether there is fetal dysplasia.
second trimester of pregnancy
1, NT test: This is an early method to evaluate whether the fetus is "Down's baby" with high accuracy. Unless amniocentesis has been confirmed, it is best for expectant mothers to have nt examination to ensure fetal health, especially for second-born and elderly women.
The best time for NT examination is 10- 14 weeks, which is evaluated by scanning the thickness of subcutaneous tissue effusion in fetal neck and back. If the thickness of the transparent layer of the fetal neck is less than 3mm, it is normal. If it is greater than 3mm, the baby will have the risk of Down syndrome or congenital diseases and need to be diagnosed.
2. Down's screening: The best time is pregnancy 16- 18 weeks. A "risk factor" is calculated by collecting the venous blood of the expectant mother, combining with the factors such as the age, gestational age, weight and expected date of delivery of the expectant mother. If the test results are high-risk and critical, then the expectant mother should make the next diagnosis, such as non-invasive DNA and amniocentesis. If it is low-risk, expectant mothers can rest assured that the next prenatal examination will cooperate with doctors to do other prenatal work.
3. Non-invasive DNA: The best time is 14-24 weeks, and the accuracy rate is as high as 99%. It is also a venous blood test, mainly for high-risk, elderly and high-risk pregnant women.
4. Amniocentesis: The best time is 16-24 weeks, and the accuracy rate is over 99%. It is the most commonly used and final diagnosis method for chromosome diagnosis at present. Take 20-30 ml of amniotic fluid, and check fetal problems such as chromosome, DNA and biochemistry of fetal cells in amniotic fluid.
5. Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound: the best time is 22-24 weeks. This is an important large-scale anomaly inspection. Through the examination of four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, we can clearly show the situation of various organs of the baby, and also check whether the baby's head, limbs and spine are deformed, so as to accurately understand the baby's growth and development. However, due to the limitations of current ultrasonic diagnosis and treatment methods, it is impossible to make prenatal diagnosis of all malformations, so the next prenatal examination can not be ignored.
6. Amniotic fluid test:? B-ultrasound examination starting at 24 weeks of pregnancy can see the amniotic fluid volume. Amniotic fluid is the environment on which the fetus lives. Amniotic fluid is like a mirror, which can reflect the development and maturity of the fetus in the uterus.
Amniotic fluid can participate in the baby's metabolism, protect the baby from external shocks, ensure the baby's growth and development, and prevent deformity and limb adhesion. The amount of amniotic fluid will change with the increase of gestational age, which is an important indicator to evaluate whether the baby's development is normal, because too much or too little amniotic fluid may affect the baby.
Late pregnancy
1. Fetal heart monitoring: The frequency of prenatal examination in the third trimester will be increased to once a week, and most fetal heart monitoring will start from the 32nd week of pregnancy. Of course, different pregnant women in different regions will have different schedules.
Fetal heart monitoring is the use of professional instruments to monitor the situation of the fetus in the uterus, generally once every 20 minutes. By monitoring the curve, the doctor will analyze the fetal heart rate and fetal movement during this period, so as to timely and accurately understand the baby's development, and if problems are found, remedial measures can be taken in time.
2.b-ultrasound examination: The last B-ultrasound examination will be conducted at 40 weeks of pregnancy. The main purpose of this examination is to understand the prenatal maturity of the fetus, and to judge and evaluate the delivery mode of the fetus by examining the fetal position, fetal size, placental maturity, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid, so as to ensure the safety of the mother and the baby.