The most important way for gorillas to choose to send messages is by growling.
Let orangutans contact each other.
Question 2: Chimpanzee-related research Genome sequencing research has repeatedly appeared in the media, making some figures familiar to the general public: humans and fruit flies * * * share 60% of genetic information, which is 80% similar to mice and 98.5% similar to chimpanzees (the genetic difference between them is at most 1.5%, so the similarity between chimpanzees and humans is surprising. In fact, Rh-positive blood types between humans and chimpanzees can be transfused with each other. Only the difference of 1.5% determines that one is outside the cage and the other is inside the cage; One is to host the Olympic Games, and the other is to jump around the tree. One studies Goldbach's conjecture, and one counts to 9, which is great; Can a person grow up to be Audrey? Hepburn, a man with black hair all over his body; One talked about "all men are created equal", and the other was tortured in the medical laboratory. Walking upright, complicated language, science and art, philosophy and religion ... the roots of these unique things can be traced back to this 1.5%. And in this 1.5%, what is the specific difference between chimpanzees and humans? American scientists drew a sketch of chimpanzee genome in 2003, but it was not accurate and complete enough. When comparing close relatives like chimpanzees and humans, it is difficult to say which genetic differences are real differences and which are just data errors. In the British journal Nature published on May 27th, 2004, a group of third-class chimpanzees from the old world announced that they had completed the sequencing of chromosome 22 of common chimpanzees. Scientists from Max Planck Institute, Japanese Institute of Physical and Chemical Research and China National South Center for Human Genome said that the data obtained by their joint sequencing were accurate enough to be used for reliable comparative analysis with the human genome. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, chimpanzees have 24 pairs-gorillas also have 24 pairs, but we are not chimpanzees. Chimpanzee chromosome 22 corresponds to human chromosome 2 1. The comparison shows that the difference between single bases (letters of genetic information) in the corresponding region of DNA sequence is 1.44%, that is, the difference of "single base substitution". This result was basically expected, which calmed some previous arguments. The error rate of this sequencing is less than one error per 10,000 "letters", so when comparing two chromosomes of chimpanzee and human, the difference caused by data error is less than 1% of all "letters" differences. But the result of comparison is more accidental. Both human and chimpanzee genomes contain a lot of "junk DNA", which does not encode protein and has no effect on physiological functions. In the past, it was suspected that most of the genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees might exist in the junk area of the genome. In other words, among the genes that really work, the differences between them are even smaller. However, this study shows that the difference between useful parts of DNA sequence is not less than that between useless parts, at least on this chromosome. Scientists have examined 23 1 genes that are considered to be functional, and 83% of them are different, which affects the amino acid sequence of protein encoded by them (protein is a long chain of amino acid molecules), but small differences do not necessarily affect the function of protein; There are 47 genes with significant structural differences, accounting for about 20%. Chimpanzee genome has about 3 billion bases, and there are about 33 million bases on chromosome 22, accounting for about 1% of the total. From this perspective, if the genetic differences are evenly distributed on each chromosome, there may be thousands of significant differences between humans and chimpanzees. Finding the key genes that determine the difference between humans and chimpanzees will be more difficult than expected. The comparison also shows that there are a lot of "intrinsic" differences between the two chromosomes. "Insertion" means that a piece of DNA appears in the DNA of one species but not in the DNA of another species, "deletion" means that a piece of DNA of one species is lost, and INDEL is a general term for the difference between the two. As many as 68,000 DNA fragments are different from chimpanzee chromosome 22 and human chromosome 2 1. Most of the clips are short, less than 30 letters, but some are as long as 54 thousand letters. Inder difference leads to 400,000 letters more on human chromosome 2 1 than chimpanzee chromosome 22, which means that the chromosomes of human and chimpanzee ancestors may be longer. In the process of their independent evolution, chimpanzee chromosomes lost more DNA fragments. Peeping into the new discoveries brought by local areas makes scientists more eager to have an accurate and complete genome map of chimpanzees and compare it with humans, gorillas, etc. & gt
Question 3: Do gorillas use facial expressions to convey information? It's possible. Gorillas are the closest animals to humans. Animals can also convey information through body language and various expressions. For example, sometimes gorillas get tired of scratching their faces. . .
Question 4: Where do orangutans live? Orangutans live in the tropical rain forests of Africa and are the largest primates in existence. Adult male gorillas stand 2 meters tall and weigh about 140-250 kg, with the maximum weight exceeding 290 kg and females about 70- 120 kg. There are three gorillas, one in the mountains and two in the lowlands, all with black skin and hair. There are only about 600 gorillas in mountainous areas and less than 5,000 in lowlands, all of which are listed as first-class precious protected animals by African countries. Gorillas live in groups, each group 16-30. Each group is led by a man and has its own range of activities, usually covering an area of about 40 square kilometers. When different groups meet, they can also eat together in a friendly way, even very friendly. Gorillas feed on leaves, buds, ferns, root plants and fiber bark, and sometimes they eat wild fruits. They spend most of their time on the ground, and young or female gorillas sometimes rest in trees. Lowland gorillas usually build their nests in trees, while mountain gorillas build their nests on the ground. They are all mats made of branches, some of them are in a hurry, but they are making new nests every night. Little orangutans usually sleep with their mothers. Gorillas love their nests very much. They often sleep in the nest for an hour or two before getting up in the morning. The mother-child relationship of gorillas is very close, and young gorillas do not start to stand on their own feet until their mothers give birth again. Gorillas are actually very quiet animals, and their intelligence is also very developed, which is similar to that of human children aged 3 or 4.
Respondent: Wang Siji 3- 14 19:39.
1 A genus of Scarabaeidae in the narrow nose group of primate simian suborder. Known as chimpanzees. It is the smallest species in Scarabaeidae, with a body length of 70 ~ 92.5 cm, a standing height of 1 ~ 1.7 m, a male weight of 56 ~ 80 kg and a female weight of 45 ~ 68 kg. The body coat is short and black, usually with 1 white spots on the buttocks, grayish brown face, gray hands and feet, covered with sparse black hair; The nose, ears, hands and feet of young orangutans are all flesh-colored; Extra-large ears, protruding to both sides, deep sunken eyes, high brow ridge and backward hair on the top of the head; The hand is 24 cm long; Canine teeth are developed and the tooth type is the same as that of human beings; Tailless. There are two kinds of chimpanzees and chimpanzees.
It is distributed in Central Africa and west to Guinea. Chimpanzees are distributed in the south of Congo River. Some people think that chimpanzees are subspecies of chimpanzees. Habitat in the tropical rain forest, living in groups, each group has more than 2 ~ 20 animals, led by 1 adult male. They eat a lot, spending 5-6 hours a day foraging, eating fruits, leaves, roots, flowers, seeds and bark. Some individuals often eat insects and eggs or catch young antelopes, baboons and monkeys, and the prey obtained by males is allowed to be enjoyed by group members. More interestingly, he is good at poking straw into termites' holes, and then pulling it out when termites are full and sipping it into their mouths to eat. Set up a simple nest in a tree and move it to other places in only 1 night. It is closer to arboreal than gorillas, and can also walk on the ground with slightly bent lower limbs. There is a certain range of activities, covering an area of 26 ~ 78 square kilometers, and the feeding area is often the place where they are concentrated. There is a connection between groups. Keep the mother-child relationship for a long time, and often come back to visit my mother after grouping. Have the habit of taking a lunch break. The pregnant period is 8 ~ 9 months, each child is 1, the lactation period is about 1 ~ 2 years, the sexual maturity is about 12 years, and the female can give birth to 14 children at the age of 30. Life expectancy is about 40 years. Can distinguish different colors and make 32 different sounds. Being able to use simple tools, it is the cleverest animal after human beings. Its behavior and social behavior are more similar to human beings, which is of great significance in anthropological research. It is a first-class protected animal.
Chimpanzees are closest to humans in physiology, higher nervous activities and kinship, so they are the most ideal experimental animals for medical and psychological research and human space flight.
Chimpanzees are higher animals most similar to humans. Studies have shown that some chimpanzees can not only master certain techniques and sign language after training, but also learn vocabulary with computer keyboards, and their ability even exceeds that of two-year-old children. However, researchers cannot train them to speak loudly in human language. Why? 1996 65438+1October19, American scientists found that chimpanzees also laugh when tickled, and they also breathe when laughing, which sounds like the sound of a chain saw, while humans temporarily stop breathing when talking or laughing, because people can control all parts of the diaphragm and muscles related to sound production well. Scientists believe that the key to speaking lies in the control of airflow by the nervous system. Humans can talk, but chimpanzees can't, which reveals the mystery that chimpanzees can't talk.
Chimpanzees are one of the most widely distributed apes. They live in the deep forests of Africa, and their long-term forest life makes them extremely tall. & gt