Zhang weichi
The last magistrate of Hangzhou in the Ming Dynasty, surnamed Zhang, was born in Dahaozhuang, Linqu County, Shandong Province, and was the eldest son of a virtuous scholar. Chongzhen ten years, Jinshi, after the official to Hangzhou magistrate. The Ming dynasty was oblique, but the crown was still there. Haozhuang, who lives at the foot of Aquarius Mountain, lived in seclusion all his life. It has been here for decades, and its anecdotes have spread all over the country and among the people; Although unknown, it has been circulating for a long time. So, I will remember today, and I will entertain you.
Study hard at Songshan Temple in Cold Window
In the early years of Chongzhen, Zhang He was studying in a school. There are many middle schools in Shu, and only He Zhang is outstanding academically. Teachers like it, hope to make it, work twice as hard to teach, but wait for the exam to win fame.
In the third year of Chongzhen, after having obtained the provincial examination, a course was opened. The teacher expected that his studies had been completed and his skills had been achieved, so he ordered the city people to go to the provincial capital together to meet the needs of the countryside. As a result, Lion won the championship in one fell swoop and won the share. Zhang Yin is famous in Sun Shan. After returning, the teacher was furious and fined the ruler 200; From then on, in a rage, I went down to Longquan Temple in Songshan Mountain and studied hard at the cold window for three years without returning once. Wear through both sides of the inkstone and write dozens of bald pens. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, he went to have obtained the provincial examination and was promoted in the city with Zhang Han and Feng Shibiao. In March of the tenth year of Chongzhen, Zhang took the lead, joined the same department in advance, and was admitted to Liu Tong as a scholar. The teacher was very happy and praised his ambition; Try again before returning to the instrument. In the 13th year of Chongzhen, Li Fang and Feng Shibiao were admitted to Gengchen Jinshi.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang revisited his hometown, so he wrote Poems of Longquan Temple, saying, "At the foot of Songshan Mountain, Haimen blooms, and flowers reflect moss. Under the couch, the dragon peeps at the Dan fire, and the moon soaks in the pool (white). Yulang doesn't know how far it takes, and Gui Zifang has been farming since 1990. Nature is the land of the Millennium leopard, and the breeze lingers every day. After reading his poems, I feel that "it is really in the temple that it is difficult to attack the window, and the moon is pure." "This is Mr. Liu Qingyuan, a scholar of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty for three years, evaluating the hard work of Zhang Yin in rebuilding the inscription of Longquan Temple.
Hengwangfu seeks fame.
Zhang Yin became a scholar, and later became a magistrate in Gaocheng County, Zhili, North China, and then transferred to Nanjing Zhejiang Division, where she served as the director of Chu Zhongjiang Right Division, and later served as Nanjing Shaanxi Division. Just at this time, unfortunately, Xuantang died suddenly and went home to keep the system. Filial piety for three years, the official department does not need it, because there are many people and few people, and the standby is uncertain. Zhang was unhappy at home, and his neighbor made suggestions and said, "Be my aunt!" " Aunt Zhu is the daughter of Hengwang and a guest of Hao, Zhang Zongmeng (No.). After repeated persuasion by his neighbors, Zhang took the opportunity of the Spring Festival to pay homage to his aunt. Zhu had already realized this and said, "The next day and the third day, my eldest nephew will go to Qingzhou with me to meet your grandfather (Wang Hengheng) and ask him to come to Beijing to play in the holy family, find an official position and start using it again!" Thank you again for printing.
On the third day of the first month, Zhu took a sedan chair, and Zhang Zongmeng and Zhang Uncle followed the sedan chair to Qingzhou Hengwangfu. When he arrived at the mansion, Zhu introduced him and Zhang knocked on King Heng. After the ceremony, Wang Heng walked into the living room. The guest of honor Zhang Zongmeng made it clear. Hengwang nodded, asked questions and explored his talent and learning skills. Zhang Yin immediately spoke and answered.
Heng Wang appreciated it very much and said, "My nephew is knowledgeable and can be qualified as a county magistrate. Tell you what! You can choose the state capital in the world! "
Zhang was surprised. "I heard that there is heaven on earth and Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth. Can I go to Suzhou and Hangzhou? Please ask your grandparents to make a decision. "
"good!" King Heng replied, "Recently, I was going to the capital to worship the saints. By the way, it is enough to explain this matter and let the official department bend the rules. Daming Jiangshan is my Zhujiajian world! It is not easy to be a magistrate? " Zhang flattered.
After the Lantern Festival that year, Wang Suiheng went to Beijing to visit Emperor Chongzhen and was appointed as the magistrate of Hangzhou. According to the Official History of Hangzhou provided by Mr. Chen Guangxi in Hangzhou Archives, "Zhang was born in Linqu, a scholar, and served as (Chongzhen) for seventeen years." Gai mistook the word "Li" for "Jade".
Hang Guangui of Hangzhou Tower
Zhang, the official in charge of the fourth-level magistrate, sat in Hangzhengtang, but he never forgot the bitter taste of waiting for his post. He is diligent in political affairs, "not responsible for the court, not responsible for the people, not responsible for what he has learned", and "the herdsmen have the right to speak" (Guangxu Linqu County Records and People), so that the local people under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou Prefecture respect him as a man and regard him as the ruler.
That spring, the patrol caught the thief who stole the company.
Zhang sat in court for questioning.
The thief signed up, "The villain's name is He Liang, and his mother is waiting for death because of the interruption of cooking at home, so he stole the granary ..." His feelings are pitiful!
Zhang hurriedly asked, "Is cooking interrupted at home, too heavy taxes or natural disasters?"
He Liang said: "Last year, there was a great drought and the harvest was not good, but the land tax did not decrease at all;" In addition, thieves are rampant, grabbing food and rice, so that every family has no food to eat and only lives on bark and leaves. My mother is over seventy, swollen and blind with hunger. When I did this, I saw a lot, so I became a thief and went to steal the official warehouse ... "
"Oh," Zhang Weiwei, and "stealing official positions should be a capital crime! However, I think your family is poor and your filial piety is respectable. The official was exonerated from investigation. Go home and wait on your mother! " He Liang kowtowed and got up to leave.
Zhang said: "Recently, Japanese officials will want to observe people's feelings, then play with the facts and seek to reduce land taxes, open warehouses and distribute food to help the victims. At that time, you can come and get food for a living. " The thief felt his words, knelt down with tears in his eyes, thanked him deeply and left.
After Zhang visited the people's feelings, he really played in the court and was allowed to reduce the land tax that year, allowing him to open a warehouse to help the victims. This is the origin of the so-called "Zhang Mumin has the right to speak" in history books.
At the end of Chongzhen, the national luck dried up and the emperor was in danger; Years of natural disasters, hungry people everywhere; Thieves and bandits are rampant and volunteers are everywhere. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng attacked Beijing and the Ming Dynasty perished. After that, the Qing soldiers entered the customs and were renamed the Qing Empire. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), in June, the Qing soldiers went to Jiangnan and surrounded Hangzhou. Zhang Zhifu led soldiers and people to defend the city for many days, but there were no reinforcements. Zhang Zhifu was exhausted, unable to eat or sleep, and sat in the mansion. Mrs. Dai served the left and right, comforting and caring. Dai, the daughter of Taigong, a gentry in Qiantang, is a talented poet with foresight. Zhang's fourth wife (Yao, Ni and Xia were all in Shandong at that time) was made by a professor.
It's getting deeper at night, and I'm already asleep; Weary and weary through illness, Dai suddenly heard something outside the window.
Dai's panic woke her husband. They listened with bated breath as if someone had come to the window. I was wondering when I heard a whisper from the window: "Magistrate, get up quickly, the Qing army will attack the city, and you can't escape at dawn!"
Zhang was startled: "Who are you?"
"My name is Liang He. Last spring, I stole the official warehouse and was forgiven by my master. I'm here to save you from the city in return for saving my life. "
Zhang Hedai got up quickly. Dai opened the door with a lantern in his hand and saw the man kneeling on the ground in night clothes.
Zhang Ji asked, "Why are you dressed like this?"
He Liang looked up on his back. "After my mother died, I was alone, so I became an outlaw. Because I know some martial arts, I pretend to be an army scout ... "
Zhang magistrate look stern, "get up and talk! Did anyone see you enter the mansion? "
"My Lord, I practice climbing the wall, and the soldiers don't know; Enter your house from the roof. The official did not notice it. "
Lady Dai whispered, "Master, make up your mind and get out!"
Zhang Zhifu sighed and muttered, "As a fourth-level official of the imperial court, how can you drag out an ignoble existence and go home?" ? I would rather die for Daming than be scolded by the world for ten thousand years! "
He Liang urged him, "Master, Hangzhou is in Enemy at the Gates, and the new emperor of Nanjing is dead, but the soldiers in this house are in jeopardy; Moreover, the governor of Zhejiang has made up his mind to surrender in Kaesong, and it will be difficult to get out at dawn! "
Zhang said to Dai, "Pack your bags and wake up the children."
Dai said, "Because once I go with you, it will attract the attention of the bad guys. You'd better go first. I took off my skirt and hid in the alley and threw it at my child's grandfather's house. "
"Then let extremely escort you. When the world is peaceful, go to your hometown in Shandong! " Tear it off
Zhang took off his official clothes, revealing his blue silk casual clothes, and said, "He is waiting here. I'll be right back! " Said, holding the official seal, straight to the magistrate purlin; Put the official clothes and official seals on the case, then retreat into the hall and bow down for three times. There are only a few officials and main guards in the government. Zhang Yin stood up, stood under the candle in the hall and shouted to the crowd: "The Tatars besieged the city, but there were no reinforcements. Know the country's luck! Now, the city will be broken, and defeat is unacceptable. Even if he dies, it is difficult to turn Gan Kun around, which is not good for the country or the family. So, please settle down your family and save the people. In addition, there is no good policy! " As soon as the words were finished, everyone rushed out.
When Zhang hurried back to his private house, He Liang came out.
"My Lord, it's not too late!" He Liang urged, "There are very few troops outside the north gate. Call the city gate and break through there! "
"Also called open the north gate? Wouldn't it make the people more miserable if thieves and soldiers took advantage of the situation to enter? "
He Liang said, "Master, the Qing army has broken the outer city. People have no way to escape and no way to survive. Once the north gate is opened, it will open a way for the people to escape, which is better than being killed and humiliated in the city! "
"Then run to the north gate." Zhang said flatly, suddenly remind of Dai mother and son, "my home ..."
"Your wife took your son away."
"Oh!" Zhang Song breathed a sigh of relief, only out of the hall, led He Liang to the stable in the side yard, and rode straight to the north gate; When they walked out of the house and entered the alley, they saw people panicking and hiding everywhere.
Zhang called to open the north gate and, under the guidance of He Liang, crossed the suspension bridge and left. It turned out that Liang He, as a scout, knew both the code and the bugle number. Therefore, whenever the army was brave and had a smooth journey, Zhang was led through the besieged military camp without much effort. About seven or eight miles from Hangzhou, He Liang took the reins. "Let's go, my Lord! I won't send it away! " Say goodbye with a fist. Sealed in return. Then they went to the north and south. Along the way, Zhang Yin kept going straight to Shandong. When he came home, his mount was exhausted and died a few days later. Zhang felt pity in his heart and deeply felt the pain of the horse running for his life. According to the habit of burying horses and dogs, Confucius ordered his family to bury the village in the west, calling it Mazizhu. After a while, Wang and Jiang were sent back from Qiantang by Dai to pay their respects.
Zhang thought he was lonely and helpless, but he stayed in Haozhuang and regarded it as a moth to a fire, which became his family business. This is also the origin of wang xing and Jiang surname.
As for Dai's mother and son, after the fall of Hangzhou, they only survived by casting relatives and relying on friends. Today, there are descendants of the Zhang family in Zhejiang.
Negative and clear, empty and regret.
Zhang hanged his crown in Hangzhou and abandoned his official position, which has already violated the Daming Prohibition. Usually, it should be punished. However, since the demise of the Ming dynasty, no one has asked about it. And Zhang blamed himself: "I'm really ashamed that I didn't defend Daming!" It is better to go to Mengdong to avoid law and discipline. " So! Dumen Xie Ke, living in seclusion at home; Or swim under Shimen Mountain and Song Yifeng, send love to mountains and rivers and sing romantic songs; Or stay at home, write a book, write ten volumes of Notes on Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism Analysis and twenty-six volumes of Aquarius Anthology, and entertain yourself. (Not including the three-volume poetry anthology of West Lake Zayong. ) What a pity! Later, it was burned down because of a fire at home.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Feng Pu, a scholar in Wenhua Temple and a native of Linqu, sent a message to persuade Zhang Yin to become an official. Zhang was disheartened and wrote back: "Destiny is doomed to have no official luck, and it is harmful to ask for it. How can you be a second courtier without regrets? " Decline politely.
President Zhiyi
In the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Tu Shouzheng, the magistrate of Linqu County, wanted to compile the Linqu County Records, so he asked Zhang, Sun Xiqing and Yin Suo to compile it. At first, Zhang refused to avoid being suspected of falling in love with the stack, but he was never insatiable. However, Tu Zhixian begged again and again, but he still gave up. I immediately went to the Confucian Temple in the county and was recommended as the editor-in-chief and deputy director. Zhang Jiabin and Zhang Qiyu assisted in the revision. He himself and the former Yuanzhou government in Jiangxi know that Sun Xiqing is only the president. During this period, Zhang lived in a villa in Xiguogualou (later called zhang jia zhuang). Every day, he went into the north gate of the county to the county government, ruled on the contents, reviewed the chronicle, and sometimes wrote a short article to correct his mistakes, especially for his old classmate, Yang Lan County magistrate who came to die. This chronicle consists of four volumes and more than 40 subheads, which is more specific and systematic than Jiajing's Linqu County Annals. It is the first official county annals in Linqu County and the second official county annals in Linqu County. After the chronicle was written, Tu Shouzheng, a magistrate of a county, sent a couplet: "The president is partial and governs Hang Cheng." Among them, "Pian" refers to Kangxi's Linqu County Records.
Zhang Yisheng is bumpy and his career is not smooth, especially in Hangzhou, which makes him hate life! When things changed in his later years, he still left his last words: "lifelong regret, Hangzhou hangs the crown; There was a negative brightness, and I suddenly remembered it! " "May my children and grandchildren be loyal to Zhu Ming, not bully the monarch and ministers, and share weal and woe!" Brilliant words, enough to see his remorse and hatred! I also know that it is a full name festival, which is not fierce!
(This article was originally published in Weifang Evening News (12 edition) on March 2, 2007. Author Zhang Weichi, 13, a scholar of Ming Dynasty and grandson of Zhang, the magistrate of Hangzhou. )