1. According to the material classification, it can be divided into two categories: solid wood board and wood-based board. At present, in addition to the floor and door leaves, we generally use artificially processed wood-based panels.
2. According to the molding classification, it can be divided into: solid board, plywood, fiberboard, decorative board, fireproof board, etc.
Two. All kinds of boards.
. 1, solid wood board
As the name implies, solid wood boards are made of complete wood. These plates are durable and natural in texture, making them the best choice for decoration. However, due to the high cost and high construction technology requirements, this kind of plate has not been widely used in decoration. Solid wood boards are generally classified according to entity names, and there is no unified standard specification.
2, splint
Plywood, also known as plywood, is commonly known as thin core board in the industry. It is made of three or more layers of veneer or thin plate with a thickness of one millimeter by hot pressing. It is the most commonly used material for handmade furniture at present. Splints are generally divided into six specifications: 3 cm, 5 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm, 15 cm, 18 cm (1 cm is 1 mm).
3. Decorative board
Decorative board, commonly known as panel. It is a decorative board with one-sided decoration function, which is made by precisely planing solid wood plates into thin veneer with a thickness of about 0.2mm, using plywood as the base material and adopting the gluing process. It is a special way of splint, with a thickness of 3 cm. Decorative board is a kind of advanced decorative material which is different from mixed oil at present.
4. Core plywood
Blockboard, commonly known as large core board in the industry. The large core board is formed by gluing and splicing two veneers in the middle. The price of large core board is cheaper than that of thin core board, and its longitudinal bending and compressive strength is poor, but its transverse bending and compressive strength is high.
5. Core plate
Particleboard is a thin board made of wood particles as the main raw material and then infiltrated with glue and additives. According to the pressing method, it can be divided into extruded particleboard and flat particleboard. The main advantage of this kind of plate is that it is extremely cheap. Its disadvantage is also obvious: its strength is extremely poor. Generally, it is not suitable for making large or mechanical furniture.
6, density board
Density board, also known as fiberboard. It is an artificial board made of wood fiber or other plant fiber and urea-formaldehyde resin or other suitable adhesive. According to its density, it is divided into high density board, medium density board and low density board. High-density board is easy to reprocess because it is soft and impact-resistant. In foreign countries, MDF is a good material for making furniture. However, because the national standard for height board is several times lower than the international standard, the use quality of MDF in China needs to be improved.
7, fire board
Fireproof board is a decorative board made of siliceous or calcareous materials as the main raw materials, mixed with a certain proportion of fiber materials, lightweight aggregate, adhesive and chemical additives, and autoclaved. It is a new type of material that is used more and more at present, and its use is not only because of fire prevention. Fire-proof board construction requires higher glue, and the price of fire-proof board with better quality is more expensive than decorative board. Generally, the thickness of fire protection board is 0.8 mm, 1 mm and 1.2 mm. ..
8. Melamine board
Melamine board, the full name is melamine impregnated adhesive paper veneer artificial board. Paper with different colors or textures is soaked in melamine resin glue, then dried to a certain curing degree, spread on the surface of particleboard, medium density fiberboard or hard fiberboard, and then hot-pressed into decorative boards.
Melamine board is a kind of wall decoration material. At present, some people use melamine board to fake composite floor for floor decoration, which is inappropriate.
Three. Selection of plate
Look at environmental protection first.
According to the requirements of the Limits of Formaldehyde Emission from Wood-based Panels and Their Products for Interior Decoration Materials, which came into effect on June 5438+1 October1,the formaldehyde emission from building materials directly used indoors must be less than or equal to1.5 mg/L. If the formaldehyde emission is less than or equal to 5 mg per liter, it must be treated with facing before it can be used indoors. If the formaldehyde emission exceeds 5 mg per liter, it is not up to standard. Taking substandard wood home is like adding a toxic gas generator to your new home. You must look at environmental protection before buying building materials.
1, blockboard "big core board": moisture-proof effect is good, so it cannot be painted directly.
In the middle of the joinery board is a core material made of natural wood strips, and both sides are glued with thin veneer. As the name implies, large core board is one of the most important materials in decoration. Can be used as furniture, wooden doors, door covers, heating covers, curtain boxes, etc. Its waterproof and moisture-proof performance is better than particleboard and medium density fiberboard. Look at the internal wood when selecting, it should not be too broken, and the joinery board with a gap of about 3mm is appropriate. Because the wood grain exposed on the surface is not beautiful, it is rarely painted directly, and veneer plywood is usually needed. Wood products such as furniture made of large core board have to go through two processes: gluing and painting, which is costly. The large core plate is divided into 3, 5 and 9 pieces according to its thickness. You can choose according to the pressure and intensity. The thicker the board, the higher the price.
Many consumers choose large core boards according to weight and price. In fact, the heavier the core board, the worse the quality. Because the greater the weight, the more it means that this plate is made of miscellaneous wood. This big core board made of miscellaneous wood can't be nailed in at all, so it's useless.
In addition, the core board with extremely low price will definitely have poor quality. Either there is a big gap or unqualified wood is used. So when you choose, you'd better choose a large core board with a price of about 100 yuan. The quality of large core board at this price is relatively stable. The market price is 50-55 yuan, and a large core board is not needed.
The first thing to choose a large core board is to look at the appearance: one side of the large core board must be the whole board, and only one flat seam is allowed on the other side. In addition, the surface of the large core board must be dry and smooth.
In addition, when choosing a large core board, you must cut a corner and check the quality inside. The gap between small pieces of wood spliced internally shall not exceed 5 mm, and wood with bark, holes and dead joints shall not be used. In a good quality large core board, there are serrated tenons between small wooden strips.
When in use, the large core plate can only be "opened" along the long side and cannot be sawed horizontally. In addition, the large core board can't be used as a panel, and a layer of plywood should be attached outside to make a panel, otherwise there will be problems such as paint foaming.
2 laminated wood, not easy to deform
This is a new type of solid wood material, which adopts high-quality imported large-diameter logs and is deeply processed into finger-like staggered boards. Due to different processes, this kind of board has excellent environmental protection performance, which is 1/8 of the allowable formaldehyde content of large core board, and the price is around 200 yuan, which is slightly more expensive than high-grade large core board.
But on the other hand, this kind of board made of American spruce and other solid wood can be painted directly, which saves a process compared with the large core board and may end up with the same cost.
3. The nail holding power of MDF is worse than that of particleboard.
Particleboard is the main material of cabinets at present, which is made of natural wood by crushing it into particles and pressing it into plates. The medium density board is made of powdered sawdust, which has good flatness but poor moisture resistance.
In contrast, the nail holding power of MDF is worse than that of particleboard. If the screws are loose after tightening, the density board is rarely used as a cabinet because of its low strength and difficulty in fixing.
4, veneer plywood saves trouble and is cheap.
Multilayer board is also called plywood and plywood, and different layers have different names. According to the thickness of 3-9 cm, it can also be called 3-9 cm plate. Its advantages and disadvantages mainly depend on raw materials. Liu Anxin is 65438+ 0.2m each? .4m board price 10-20 yuan. Peach blossom core and poplar are cheaper.
At present, veneer plywood is mainly used for home decoration, that is, sticking very thin solid wood veneer on the plywood in the factory. Veneered plywood is easy to use, and the price is cheaper than buying veneers for the construction team.
5, melamine double paste board, not afraid of fire and water.
This kind of board has luster on both sides, is very hard, and is not afraid of water and fire. It is mainly used for furniture and cabinets. The price is relatively expensive, 1.2m? Each board of .4m size ranges from 80 yuan to 140 yuan.
6, veneer, making the same effect as solid wood.
The veneer is made of high-grade wood with obvious wood grain, which is very thin, the thinnest is only 0.3mm, and the thickness is only 2-3 mm. The common bark colors are from shallow to deep, including dozens of cherry wood, maple wood, beech, red beech wood, Fraxinus mandshurica, white oak, red oak, teak, rosewood, walnut, white shadow and red shadow.
For large-scale use, it is best to buy veneer plywood directly. If the decorative board is used alone in order to achieve unique effects, higher technology is needed.
Buy treated wood with water content up to standard.
When the moisture content of wood is higher than the environmental equilibrium moisture content (the average annual moisture content in Beijing is 1 1.4%), the wood will dry and shrink, otherwise it will absorb moisture and expand. The main reason of wood cracking and deformation is that the moisture content is too high or too low. Qualified wood needs to go through high-temperature cooking and drying procedures in the factory, and finally reach the local moisture content level. Therefore, the moisture content of wood is particularly important.
Experts remind: don't be greedy for cheap.
Experts tell us: don't be greedy for cheap. Materials sold at extremely low prices are usually shoddy, and formaldehyde seriously exceeds the standard. It is best to buy in the regular market, where the purchase channels are more secure. Buy brand materials. Because wood is the main material in home decoration, it is purchased in large quantities, so be cautious when purchasing, and it is best to bring experienced people or professional buyers. You can also entrust a decoration company to buy it. First, they have a supplier with stable quality, and the price may be lower. Second, once there is a quality problem, the responsibility is clear and the problem is easy to solve. (1) When selecting plates, look at the production process of environmentally friendly wood-based panels. Resin or glue will be used, so there will be more or less residual formaldehyde released from the board. According to the requirements of "Limits of Formaldehyde Emission from Interior Decoration Materials, Wood-based Panels and Their Products" formulated by the state, the formaldehyde emission from panels directly used as interior building materials must be less than or equal to 1.5mg/l, and the panel dryer method is adopted. The formaldehyde emission of the board is less than or equal to 5 mg per liter, and it can only be used indoors after the board is decorated. If the formaldehyde emission of the board exceeds 5 mg per liter, it is not up to standard. Taking unqualified plates home is like adding a poison gas machine to your new home, so you must first look at environmental protection when choosing plates. Therefore, it is very necessary to master the basic knowledge of how to choose plates. (1) Choose the plate to see the environmental protection grade of the plate product. Since July 1 day, 2002, the state has restricted the formaldehyde emission from board. For the board products that have not passed China's environmental label certification, if the formaldehyde emission of the board can meet the basic requirements of e 1 and e2, the board products can also be marketed, but the e2-grade board is only used outdoors. In this regard, users should pay attention to the fact that the production cost of e2 grade plate is lower than that of e 1 grade plate, so users should not mistake e2 grade plate for interior decoration when purchasing and accepting plates. (2) Choose the plate to see whether the plate product has passed the certification of environmental label products in China. China Environmental Label Product Certification Committee is a plate certification body composed of the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the State Environmental Protection Administration and other 1 1 ministries and bureaus, which embodies the third-party certification led by the government. The license plate certificate issued by it represents the recognition and recommendation of the government. China's environmental label certification is a double-standard certification of a registered trademark product series in terms of quality and environmental protection, not just a batch of products. China's environmental label certification is the most authoritative and reliable environmental certification in China, and the highest international certification in China. Its figure is a combination of ten rings plus the sun, mountains and water. Generally, the certified plate enterprises will stick logo on the back of each plate. At present, only a few products of domestic plate processing enterprises have passed the plate certification. (3) Select the plate to see whether the plate enterprise has passed the iso 14000 series environmental management system certification. Iso 14000 series environmental management system certification is the certification of the environmental impact of enterprises in the process of processing, including the discharge of wastewater and waste gas, the working environment of workers, environmental pollution caused by waste, etc., and also the certification of the environmental stability of products produced by enterprises. (2) Select the plate. When the moisture content of the treated board is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of the environment, the board will dry and shrink, otherwise it will absorb moisture and expand. Generally speaking, the moisture content of the board is 8% #12316; 12% is normal, and there will be no cracking and deformation in use. The moisture content of plates in humid areas in south China should also be controlled within 14. Qualified plates need to go through high-temperature cooking and drying procedures in the factory, and finally reach the local moisture content level of the plates. Therefore, the moisture content of the board is particularly important. When there is no special instrument for measuring the plate, the following simple and easy methods can be used to detect the water content of the plate. ① nailing method. It is often easy to knock into a dry board with a long nail, but it is difficult to nail into a board with high humidity. (2) hand balance method. Lightly weigh several plates, the plates with small water content will be lighter, and the plates with large water content will be significantly heavier. ③ Touch by hand. Place your palm flat on the surface of the plate and feel its humidity. Plates with high moisture content will feel cold.