The liver is the largest gland in the human body and the only organ that can regenerate after partial damage. After 25% liver resection, the liver will return to its original size and shape in a short time.
The symptoms of hepatitis are fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain and usually jaundice. Its early symptoms are similar to a cold. Some patients have mild liver swelling, aversion to oil, persistent and obvious abdominal distension, and often have gingival bleeding and nosebleeds. The skin has telangiectasia, and vermilion-like dense erythema with obvious size and color can be seen on hands and feet, which is called liver palm. Some people often have low fever, menstrual disorder, sexual dysfunction or decline, and some patients have extrahepatic damage such as arthritis, nephritis, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome and so on. Infectious hepatitis is contagious 2 ~ 3 weeks before jaundice appears and 1 week after jaundice appears. There is hepatitis virus in the patient's feces, which needs isolation treatment.
Hepatitis is the most common serious infectious disease, which is usually divided into five types, namely hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. ..
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B are the most common types of hepatitis. Both types are caused by viruses and are contagious. Hepatitis A is transmitted through human contact, diet, feces and other contact methods. Hepatitis B is spread through contaminated needles and syringes, blood-sucking insects, blood transfusion and some forms of sexual behavior, and 85% of homosexuals suffer from this disease. Hepatitis B is highly contagious and potentially fatal.
Hepatitis C is generally transmitted through blood, such as blood transfusion and contaminated needles. Hepatitis C is generally mild or asymptomatic, and 20%-30% of virus carriers develop cirrhosis in the afternoon. Hepatitis D only appears in patients with hepatitis B, and aggravates the disease. It is transmitted through mother-to-child transmission or sexual contact. Hepatitis E mainly occurs in Asia, Africa and Mexico. The transmission route is similar to that of hepatitis A, but the risk is higher than that of hepatitis A. There is also toxic hepatitis, which has nothing to do with the virus and may be caused by chemicals, injection, diet or absorption of toxins through the skin. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and arsenides are toxins that cause hepatitis. The degree of candied haws depends on the exposure.
At present, the treatment of hepatitis is mainly anti-virus, protecting the liver, improving liver inflammation and preventing the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Although there is no specific drug to completely eliminate hepatitis B virus, there are still many anti-virus drugs, such as interferon, acyclovir and lamivudine, which can be tried, but the surface antigen can not be guaranteed to turn negative. The key problem is to improve the individual's immune function and anti-virus ability, on the one hand, so that they can eliminate hepatitis B virus, on the other hand, so that they no longer maintain the current state of carrying hepatitis B virus.
Rest and nutrition are the main treatments for patients with liver disease. As the saying goes, "three-point treatment and seven-point nutrition", because the role of drugs is limited, only on the basis of ensuring rest and nutrition can death play a role. Cheerful personality, regular life, pay attention to reasonable diet, and be careful of obesity caused by overnutrition. In addition to jaundice or obvious increase in transaminase, you should stay in bed, with few systemic symptoms. When transaminase is slightly increased, you should exercise properly and pay attention to the combination of activity and inactivity. When choosing antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory drugs, drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, anti-fibrosis drugs and drugs for promoting hepatocyte regeneration, we must have the guidance of doctors.
Family therapy measures
● Keep cheerful.
Keeping a happy and calm mind is very important for the treatment of hepatitis, which helps to stabilize the disease and prevent the development of liver inflammation.
● Isolation treatment
Tableware, dental appliances, razors, syringes, puncture needles and acupuncture needles of HBsAg positive people should be separated from others. Prevent secretions such as saliva and blood from polluting the environment and infecting others. At the same time, wash your hands and clothes frequently, and the bathroom should be disinfected frequently.
● Rest in the cave.
You should take a proper rest, pay attention to the combination of activity and inactivity after your condition improves, and gradually increase your activity during the recovery period, but you should avoid fatigue, so as not to feel tired, sick and have low back pain.
● Continuous visits are required.
No matter what kind of hepatitis you have and what kind of treatment you have received, you should continue to see a doctor until the blood test proves that the virus has been completely eliminated. Even if all the symptoms of hepatitis disappear, as long as there is virus in the blood, it is the virus carrier of hepatitis B or C.
● Too much medication is too complicated.
The use of drugs has brought great pressure to the liver. It has to work harder to excrete toxic components. The liver can neutralize the effects of drugs on the body, but when the liver itself is inflamed, it will be overwhelmed. Therefore, patients should follow the doctor's advice and only take the medicine prescribed by the doctor. Don't take medicine indiscriminately, and don't change medicine too often. Generally speaking, no more than 2-3 kinds of drugs are used each time, and the course of treatment does not exceed 2-3 months. If it doesn't work, you can switch to other drugs or pause for a while. If it works, you can continue to use it. In the process of family adjuvant therapy, pure natural organic substances can be used to treat diseases, and it is not easy to cause damage to the liver.
● Control body dew.
Obesity is bound to form fatty liver, which will overload the diseased liver and aggravate hepatitis. Patients should arrange a diversified and balanced diet, especially to control their weight.
● Combination of work and rest
After the patient's condition is stable, it is necessary to combine work and rest, exercise properly and rest properly. Master the "degree", have a regular life and a regular daily life, and don't easily break the good life rules; During the fluctuation period, it is best to stay in bed and recover.
● Sleep to the right.
The nutrition of the liver is mainly provided by arteries, which is closely related to the sleeping posture of patients. Because the liver is located in the upper right part of the subphrenic abdominal cavity, if the patient sleeps to the left and the liver is located above the abdominal artery, the blood in the artery must "climb a steep slope" to reach the liver; If the patient lies on his back, the position of the liver is slightly higher than that of the celiac artery. These two kinds of lying positions are not conducive to the recovery of liver disease. Therefore, patients with hepatitis should sleep in a correct posture, and the liver is located below the celiac artery, so the arterial blood will flow to the liver along the "downhill", which is conducive to the early recovery of hepatitis.
● Cai wine
Hepatitis patients are absolutely forbidden to drink alcohol. Alcohol can cause acute damage to liver cells, increase transaminase, aggravate hepatitis, and lead to fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
● Don't be addicted.
Excessive indulgence not only consumes vitality, damages liver and kidney, but also produces complications such as fatigue, backache and leg weakness, loss of appetite, dizziness and tinnitus, insomnia and forgetfulness, which is more serious for patients with poor liver function foundation. When the condition of chronic hepatitis is unstable, sexual intercourse must be prohibited; Patients who are in a virus-carrying state or in a stable condition should also control the frequency of sexual life. Generally speaking, once a week for young people, once a week for middle-aged people and once a month for middle-aged people are more appropriate. If fatigue, backache, dizziness and other symptoms appear after sexual intercourse, sexual life should be stopped in time.
● Prevention first.
The key to prevent hepatitis is to receive preventive immunization, maintain good hygiene habits and understand relevant common sense. Proper sewage discharge facilities and good personal hygiene habits are helpful to reduce the spread of hepatitis A and E. All foods should be cooked before eating, and fruits should be peeled when eating.
Nurses who care for patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C or hepatitis E should wash their hands frequently, and wash patients' daily utensils, bedding and clothes with soap, disinfectant and hot water, especially two weeks before the onset of the disease. Patients are highly contagious.
People who travel to areas with high incidence of hepatitis receive immune serum globulin or vaccine injection before departure. Immune serum globulin therapy can prevent infection within 48 hours after exposure to hepatitis virus.
Avoid contact with patients' blood or body fluids, which can prevent the spread of hepatitis B, and do not have close contact with patients. Use a razor, scissors, nail clippers, toothbrush or needle tube. If you suspect that you are infected, you should receive immune serum globulin or vaccine treatment for hepatitis A or B as soon as possible.
Nutrition and diet therapy
Dietary adjustment of hepatitis patients is very important, and scientific dietary principles must be followed:
● Adopt a high-protein and low-fat diet.
Improper diet can lead to allergies, digestive problems, poor health and inability to remove toxic substances. A diet low in protein, high in sugar and high in fat, especially a diet containing a lot of saturated fat (from fried food) and hydrogenated fat, is especially unfavorable to hepatitis patients. They cannot provide enough protein for the body to repair damaged tissues and increase the burden on the liver.
● Reasonable supplementation of fluorescent white matter
Protein is the structural basis of all cells and tissues in human body. When suffering from liver disease, the immune function of the body is reduced due to the damage of liver cells, and protein is needed to repair and enhance the immune function. A high-protein diet generally provides 95-130g of protein every day. If there is ascites and there is no increase in blood ammonia, 2-3 grams of protein should be provided per kilogram of body weight every day; If there is an increase in blood ammonia, the intake of protein should be limited. Pay attention to the supply of anti-fatty liver substances such as methionine, choline and lecithin, and eat foods containing protein and methionine daily, such as mussels, squid, lean meat, eggs, fish, beans and their products.
When human liver is damaged, the content of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) decreases. Therefore, protein should provide more foods rich in branched-chain amino acids, such as fish, shrimp, duck, skinless chicken, milk, soybeans, corn, millet, glutinous rice, cauliflower, small red dates and so on. Instead, eat less foods containing more aromatic amino acids, such as chicken, pork, beef, mutton and rabbit meat. Generally, every 100g of lean meat contains protein 16-25g, 20% of lean beef and 25% of chicken.
Plant protein is very beneficial to human body, and plant foods such as bean products, beans, peanuts, sesame seeds, dried fruits, corn, cereals, melons and fruits are rich in plant protein.
● Diet should be rich in vitamins.
Patients with liver disease should try to supplement the vitamins they need from their diet. Some foods rich in vitamin A mainly include: animal liver, milk, egg yolk, leek, Baoxinlai, spinach and so on. Foods rich in vitamin C mainly include all kinds of fresh vegetables, fruits and bean sprouts. Foods rich in B vitamins mainly include beans, peanuts, fresh vegetables, yeast, animal meat, liver and so on. Hepatitis patients should eat more foods rich in vitamin K, such as spinach, cabbage, cauliflower and peanuts. Because bile secretion is blocked, which affects the absorption of vitamin K, and vegetables and fruits are also important sources of silicon, cellulose and trace elements, some people advocate that patients with liver disease should eat at least 500g of vegetables or fruits every day.
Because vitamins are not resistant to high temperatures, we should try to avoid cooking for a long time, and mainly eat raw or stir-fry to reduce the damage of vitamins.
● Don't overeat.
Overeating is the most common cause of poor liver function. The liver absorbs food like a sponge. Overeating will increase the burden on the liver and lead to liver fatigue. When the liver is overworked, toxic substances may enter the blood circulation before detoxification.
● The escaping amount increases cellulose.
Decreased activity in patients with liver disease. Slow gastrointestinal peristalsis can easily lead to habitual constipation, which is extremely unfavorable to the recovery and prognosis of hepatitis. Feces stay in the intestine for too long, and harmful substances are absorbed by the large intestine, which increases the burden of liver detoxification and damages liver cells; If this happens for a long time, the recovery of liver cells will slow down and the damage will accelerate, which will easily lead to cirrhosis. At the same time, excessive toxins can enter the brain and damage the central nervous system, which is one of the reasons why liver coma is easy to occur after abnormal liver function. Therefore, patients with liver disease should eat some foods rich in cellulose, such as celery and leeks, to keep their stools unobstructed.
● Drink green drinks.
Implement a four-week healthy eating plan and eat foods rich in lettuce and fruit. Drink green drinks, such as vegetable juice and carrot juice, and drink more juice. Start this diet plan by clearing the intestines and fasting. (See Volume 2 Fasting Therapy).
● Common eye bee products
Honey and royal jelly have the functions of nourishing and strengthening, stimulating hematopoiesis and regulating cardiovascular function. Royal jelly preparation has the functions of dilating coronary artery, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol. In addition, it also has antibacterial, hypoglycemic, anticancer and anti-ulcer effects, which can promote the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues and is conducive to the creation of tissues.
Cure. Honey and bee milk are recognized as good products for nourishing and strengthening the body and prolonging life, and patients often take them for health.
● Drink yogurt.
Yogurt contains a lot of high-quality protein and various nutrients, as well as lactase and a lot of yeast. Its lactic acid bacteria can multiply and grow in human intestinal tract, inhibit and kill spoilage bacteria in intestinal tract, and reduce toxic substances such as ammonia produced by bacteria decomposing protein in intestinal tract. At the same time, the proliferation and growth of lactic acid bacteria make the intestine acidic and reduce the absorption of ammonia, which is very beneficial to patients with liver diseases, especially patients with liver cirrhosis. It is advisable for patients with acute hepatitis to drink about 200g of yogurt every day, with 2-3 bottles/day in recovery period; Daily 1 bottle is suitable for patients with liver cirrhosis.
Low choice of food.
Choose natural foods, including various cereals, unprocessed whole wheat flour, brown rice, rabbit meat, steamed or boiled fresh water crystals, eggs, bean products, various vegetables, fruits and vegetable oils.
● Foods to be avoided
Animal fat: avoid all kinds of fat, whole milk, or raw fish, shellfish and animal protein until liver function is restored.
Irritating food: such as ginger, onion, pepper, etc. You should eat less, because these are spicy crystals, which can help damp heat and aggravate damp heat in the liver, thus leading to aggravated clinical symptoms. In particular, acute fulminant hepatitis is filled with damp heat, especially pungent and hot products, such as leek, single meat, chicken, star anise, clove and pepper. And greasy fried food: greasy fried food is not easy to digest, easy to damp heat, which is not conducive to disease recovery.
Refined food: refined processed food such as white flour and rice.
Synthetic food: Synthetic convenience food has more or less some synthetic pigments and preservatives.
At the same time, eat too much salt, sugar, soda, coffee, tea and so on. It's not good for the liver either.
● Eat more watermelons.
Watermelon is cold, which has the functions of clearing away heat, relieving summer-heat, relieving restlessness, quenching thirst, inducing diuresis and lowering blood pressure, and can be used to treat various fevers caused by excessive heat and body fluid injury. The ancients called it natural white tiger soup. Watermelon is rich in sugar and vitamins, and it can also clear away heat and promote diuresis, so that the damp heat in the body can relieve defecation. Modern research has proved that the inorganic salts contained in watermelon juice and watermelon peel have diuretic effect; The glycoside contained in it has the function of lowering blood pressure; The contained protease can transform insoluble protein into soluble protein. Therefore, it is very suitable for patients with hepatitis and is a natural dietotherapy "good medicine" for treating hepatitis.
● Drink tea properly.
Chinese medicine believes that tea sets have the functions of promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating dampness and diuresis, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea, and clearing the heart and refreshing. Modern research has proved that tea contains more than 400 kinds of chemicals, which can treat radiation injury, protect hematopoietic mechanism and increase the number of white blood cells. It is also used to treat dysentery, acute gastroenteritis, acute infectious hepatitis and other diseases.
In the acute stage of hepatitis, especially jaundice hepatitis, damp heat is the main factor, so drinking tea can achieve the therapeutic effect of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis. Hepatitis patients should mainly drink green tea, because the heat-clearing effect of processed black tea is already very weak.
Patients with hepatitis should drink tea in a timely and appropriate amount and try to avoid drinking before meals. Because drinking too much water before meals will dilute gastric juice and affect its digestive function, hepatitis patients should avoid drinking strong tea.
● Supplement nutrition.
The absorption and metabolism function of hepatitis patients is weak. When dietotherapy cannot meet the nutritional needs of patients, the following nutritional preparations can be supplemented appropriately:
① vitamin c
3000-5000 mg per day. An effective antiviral agent.
② Raw Silybum marianum extract
Dosage is marked according to the product. Weekly intramuscular injection of 1-2cc requires the guidance of a doctor. Injecting this solution can quickly improve the condition of the liver.
③ Vitamin B 12 and folic acid.
Taking large doses of vitamin C (usually by intravenous injection) can reduce liver inflammation and improve the condition. It is suggested that high dose of vitamin B 12 and folic acid can shorten the recovery time of the disease. Ask a doctor and a licensed dietitian about the vitamins suitable for you and their dosage.
④ coenzyme Q 10
The dosage is 60 mg per day. Resist immunosuppression caused by viral infection.
⑤ germanium
The dosage is 200 mg per day. Increasing the oxygen content of cells is also beneficial to relieve pain.
⑥ Vitamin B plus vitamin B 12, choline and nicotine (B3).
Dosage depends on the product label. Vitamin B is absolutely necessary for normal liver function. Injection can be used if necessary.
All landowners calcium and magnesium
The dosage was 1500 mg and 1000 mg per day respectively. It is necessary for blood coagulation, and patients with liver disease have coagulation problems.
8 L- methionine and L-cysteamine
The dose is 500 mg twice a day, combined with a small amount of vitamins B6 and C, and taken on an empty stomach. Detoxify the liver
Pet-name ruby vitamin a emulsion
When the dosage is 25000IU per day, the emulsion is easy to absorb and use, and it is also safe. Pills will increase the burden on the liver.
The above nutrient introduction is for reference only. Please consult a doctor, choose the nutrients and dosage suitable for you, and ensure the symptomatic administration.
● Corn silk tea
Decoct 30g of corn stigma, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 15g and Herba Taraxaci 15g with water. Corn silk can induce diuresis, dandelion can sterilize and diminish inflammation, and it has certain curative effect on hepatitis.
Other therapies
● Intestinal lavage therapy
Chlorophyll enema is used three times a week. Chlorophyll and lemonade are excellent substances for clearing liver and nourishing blood. Regular cleaning of the body, especially the liver, is very important to keep healthy. (See Volume II "Intestinal lavage therapy")
Low foot rot massage therapy
It can massage thoracic vertebrae, lymph glands, inner ear labyrinthine, stomach, liver, gallbladder, kidney, spleen and plantar abdominal plexus.
● Attention
It is reported that in the United States, 25% of people who receive blood transfusions have hepatitis.
● Danger signal
If the following symptoms appear, it should be a high degree of hip cramp. Go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.
Persistent flu-like symptoms such as loss of appetite, fatigue, low fever, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or other more serious manifestations. Chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and even death.