Nanjing (Jinling): Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Southern Tang, Ming, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties of the Republic of China (middle and late period)
Chang 'an: Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xin Mang, Western Jin, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang and Dashun.
Luoyang (Luoyi): Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Wu Zhou, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Hou Liang, Later Tang and Later Jin.
Kaifeng (Bianliang): Wei, Hou Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou and Northern Song Dynasties.
Hangzhou (Lin 'an): wuyue and Southern Song Dynasty.