Credit reporting agency refers to a legally established third party independent of both parties to credit transactions, mainly engaged in credit reporting business. Engaged in the collection, collation, processing and analysis of credit information of enterprises and individuals, issued credit reports, and provided diversified credit services to help customers judge and control credit risks.
Credit reporting agencies are the backbone of the credit reporting market, which plays a vital role in the modern market economy and is a necessary prerequisite for expanding the scale of market transactions under the condition of asymmetric information. Without the social functions undertaken by credit reporting agencies, it is difficult for social credit to fully play its role.
Judging from the development of credit reporting systems in the world, due to the differences in national conditions and legislative traditions, the credit reporting institutions established by them have their own characteristics. Credit institutions can be divided into public credit institutions, private credit institutions and mixed credit institutions according to the nature of ownership; According to different information subjects, it can be divided into individual credit reporting agencies, enterprise credit reporting agencies, credit rating agencies and other credit information service agencies. Public credit reporting agencies are represented by Germany and France, the United States is a typical private credit reporting agency model, and Japan is a typical mixed credit reporting agency model.
Encouraged by technological innovation and financial market liberalization, credit reporting agencies have been developing continuously, and the trend is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: First, the concentration of credit reporting industry has increased rapidly. Second, product management is increasingly diversified. Third, the model of commercial mutually beneficial cooperation is more adaptable. Fourth, the importance of credit legislation is increasing.
Credit investigation: collecting credit information.
Credit institution: refers to a legal person institution that is approved to be established in accordance with relevant regulations, collects personal credit information, and provides personal credit information consultation and rating services to commercial banks and other users of personal credit information;
Refers to the enterprise legal person engaged in credit reporting business activities approved by the credit reporting supervision and management department. It is a third-party organization other than the two parties to the credit transaction, with a certain scale of credit information database.
In a narrow sense, a credit reporting agency refers to a profit-making information service professional institution specializing in the collection, processing, evaluation and dissemination of credit information. Generally speaking, it refers to an enterprise legal person that is approved by the credit supervision and management department and specializes in credit business activities. Credit agencies are usually divided into three categories, namely, enterprise credit agencies, individual credit agencies and property credit agencies. The concept of credit reporting agency can also expand the types of enterprises in other credit management industries, such as credit rating, enterprise collection, credit management consulting and other institutions, and even produce different titles.