Lushan mountain peaks stretch, with great differences in height. There are more than 90 peaks, such as Luxiang Peak, Shuangjian Peak, Manjusri Peak, He Mingfeng, Taiyi Peak, Jiuqi Peak, Wulao Peak, Dahangyang Peak, Zixiao Peak, Plough Peak, Jinji Peak, Jinxiu Peak, Bai Yunfeng and Tianchi Mountain, which are steep and steep, piercing the sky, and the clouds are lingering and undulating. Tiebi Peak, known as the "stone table" by the world, is a unique wonder of Lushan Mountain, with black and red rocks stacked on top of each other. Therefore, Tang Bohu has a poem "Climbing Lushan Mountain": "Lushan Mountain is a few high and heavy, and the rain is coming."
Who is the main peak?
The highest peak of Lushan Mountain is the Great Hanyang Peak in the southeast, with an altitude of1474m. The peak is steamed bread-shaped, and the nearby Little Hanyang Peak is pyramid-shaped. It is said that Hanyang lanterns can be seen above this peak, hence the name. There is a "Han balcony" on the top of the mountain. There is a stone carving of "the first main peak of Lushan Mountain" in the north, "Hanyang Peak" in the south, and couplets on the east and west sides: "Where did the peak come from? It was the lost soul that fascinated Chu Yu; I want to go home by the wind, and I may have lost my life for Sangtian. " This book was written by Wang Yimin, the magistrate of Nankang (now Xing Zi County) during Guangxu period. Li Yu, a dramatist in the Qing Dynasty, also climbed Hanyang Peak and wrote a couplet saying: "When you set foot on Xiangyun, you are somewhat immortal; There are no common obstacles in front of me, and I doubt that there will be a little Zen after sitting down. " There is Yu Wang Cliff in front of Hanyang Peak. It is said that when Dayu "dredged Jiujiang", he sat in front of the cliff and watched the flood of the Yangtze River. There are dozens of alpine plants here, with black pines all over the peak and a peculiar knot, which is very rare. Geologist Li Siguang visited Lushan Glacier many times and climbed Hanyang Peak. Later, he wrote Geological Records of Lushan Mountain. Boarding Hanyang, looking at the Yangtze River in the north and Poyang in the south, Xing Zi County is vivid. There is Yunzhong Temple on Yangtianping of Hanyang Peak. It is said that Deng Hui, a young monk in the temple, found moss in front of the temple and knew that there was water, which he dug. Afraid of "damaging Long Mai", the old monk quickly took off his cassock to cover the spring, but the spring surged more and more fiercely, adding another scene to the mountain: "cassock spring", also known as "Deng Huiquan"
Climbing to the top of Hanyang Mountain, you can see the purple peak and the layered cliff, which are extremely steep. "Tu Jing" said: "Zixiao Peak has stone chambers. When Dayu used to control water, he often climbed this purple room overlooking the Liuhe River and looked at the raging river, because it was carved in the stone room. " What is the inscription? "Tongzhi" contains: "The stone chamber of Zixiao is extremely dark and cannot be entered. If there is one good thing, it will be a hundred words. The writing is strange and ancient, and it is difficult to distinguish. However, the words' Hong, Yu Nainian' can be recognized. " It can be seen that this stone room is ancient and magical.
Under the Great Hanyang Peak is Kangwang Valley, commonly known as "Lushan Dragon", which is the largest canyon in Lushan Mountain, with a length of about 10 km. According to legend, when Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, the general Wang Jian chased Chu Wangkang (the son of Huai Wang) and was blocked by the storm. After Kang Wangyin lived here, it was named Kang Wanggu. There are idyllic cottages in the valley, with gurgling streams, shady trees and the wind of a paradise. Not far from Tao Yuanming's hometown, it is still unknown that it is the prototype of Peach Blossom Garden.
Although Hanyang Peak is high, its fame is far less than that of Wulong Peak at an altitude of 1358 meters. Many people think that the main peak of Lushan Mountain is Wulao Peak. Zhao Shiliang said: "The scenery of Lushan Mountain is all in the southeast, so the five peaks are absolutely unique and no one can match them. Who said that there is no main peak in Kuanglu? " (See "Continued Lushan Records") Judging from the strange scenery, Wulao Peak can be called the main peak of Lushan Mountain. Li Bai also said: "If you travel around the world, the scenery everywhere is very rich, beautiful and strange, and few people can cross it. It is really a wonder of the world." He also wrote "Looking at the Five Old Peaks in Lushan Mountain" to praise this peak: "The Five Old Peaks in the southeast of Lushan Mountain cut out the Jin Furong in the sky. The beauty of Jiujiang can be tied up, and I am here. " You can see the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake from here. The Dieping Mountain where Li Bai once lived in seclusion is on the back of the summit, and qinglian temple is here. Boating on Poyang Lake, overlooking the Five Old Peaks, the Five Old Peaks turn from static to static. In the morning glow, the golden cliff flows and the iron wall is dyed green, just like a golden hibiscus cut out of the sky. On the five old peaks, it is even more intoxicating to see the clouds and brocade. Wang Siren's article "Tian Jin of Five Old Peaks" said: "Once upon a time, in the small ocean of Qingtian, I wanted to see Tian Jin, which was wonderful; Unexpectedly, on the five old peaks, I saw the wonders of Haijin again. The color of Tianjin is dyed with gold, but people can't see it, and Haijin has scattered a few Wan Li, throwing a bullet loosely, and the light is shining, feeling the frost and snow are dead white, uneven, and family planning ... "
Look closely at the five old peaks, the strange peaks and rocks, and the weather is myriad. Looking from the Haihui Temple at the northern foot, in the faint smoke, five old people, some fishing by the lake, some sitting and watching, were happy and interested. Legend has it that this place used to be a river and lake, with a big lonely mountain (rest mountain) and pine trees on it. Xieshan collapsed because of the flood. In order to save people, five old people jumped into the lake, rescued the drowning people and lifted the pine trees on the mountain. At this time, the waves of the lake whirled and swept away five old people. Five peaks emerged in the water not far away, getting higher and higher, blocking the surging river. Since then, the water level of Poyang Lake has been like a mirror, and people have lived a life of peace and contentment. This is the origin of the Five Old Peaks. Of the five peaks, three are the most dangerous and difficult to climb, but at the top of the mountain, you can see stone carvings such as "Sunset clouds are low" and "The sky is high and people are high". The fourth peak is the highest, and the peak pine is like a cloud, that is, the famous Lushan Mountain "welcoming pine". Or this pine is taken from Xieshan, also known as "Five Old Pines".
There are five small peaks under the five old peaks, which are also very impressive. According to their shapes, they are named Lion Peak, Treasure Peak, Ishikawa Peak, Lingyun Peak and Flagstaff Peak. There are Guanyin Cliff, Lion Cliff, Yixiantian and Haihui Temple, which are places that tourists must visit.
Qixia temple has a couplet saying: "Purple clothes are in the front, jade belts are in the back, and they are immortal;" Facing the five elders, facing the seven sages on the back, spectacular and heroic. "I sincerely admire the heroic momentum of Wu Laofeng.
Ku Ling Yunzhong Mosaic
Guling is the center of Lushan Mountain, formerly known as Guniuling, and its shape is like a big Guniuling. The east and west valleys around Guling Mountain are spacious and flat, and there are many villas in Guangsha, making it a misty mountain city. Here, there are high mountains in the north to keep out the snow and cold, and wide valleys in the south to get enough sunshine. The spring water in the mountains is clear and clean, suitable for drinking. Lushan specialty Wuyun tea, stone chicken, tremella and stone fish are all distributed here, all of which are very valuable.
Between Rizhao Peak and Hubei Ridge, there is an arc-shaped mountain corridor-Guling Street, with an altitude of165,438+067 meters, backed by Guniuling and facing Scissors Gorge, extending in all directions. It is the end of the North-South Mountaineering Highway and the starting point to the scenic spots on the top of the mountain. There are all kinds of service buildings, business trips and amusement places, so people say. Among the green trees in Guling, there are more than a thousand Chinese and western villas scattered, especially European-style small buildings in Britain, America, Germany, Russia, Holland, Spain and Portugal. Gukou Street Park has a wide view. Through the scissors gorge, you can see the fairy mountain Qiongge in the clouds of Lushan Mountain, and at night you can overlook the lights of Jiujiang City and the meteor-like lights in the Yangtze River.
Looking from the east valley of Guling Town, that long mountain looks like a half-lying big cow, that is Guniuling. Legend has it that this bull is romantic and affectionate, and its origin is extraordinary. Wu Meng, a general of the Jin Dynasty, lived in Lushan Mountain for a long time after Tiechuan Peak became immortal, and built three palaces. The Changchong River winds through the front of the temple, just like the Tianhe River. There is a bull stone on the east bank of the river and a mountain called "Daughter City" on the west bank, which is the cowherd and weaver girl on both sides of the Tianhe River. The bull was in the northeast but turned to the southwest, staring at the mountains of the "daughter city" day and night with affectionate eyes, always wanting to see the weaver girl. One year on July 7th, it was the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met in Tianhe. That night, Shi Niu suddenly roared and shook Lushan Mountain. It walked to the west bank step by step, trying to climb the daughter city. However, due to the high mountains and deep valleys, it fell to the bottom. Wu Meng had to ask a skilled craftsman to carve a stone, build a bigger bull, and build the Riyue Temple and the Moon Palace on Rizhao Peak and Dayue Mountain to curb it. But in the second year of Tanabata, this big cow also roared to go to the daughter city for reunion. Wu Meng led people to grab its tail and broke it because of excessive force. Everyone is busy chained the bull, which makes it stay here forever.
The development of Guling is related to the invasion of western culture. In the 11th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1885), an Englishman named Li Deli "permanently rented" a large public land in Guniuling (now Guping Street), Daughter Town, large and small schools, lecture platform and other places in Changchong to Dehua, Jiangxi at the land price of 500 yuan. Because the boundary of the leased land is not stipulated in the contract, Dehua county order will not approve it. Li Deli then spent 200 yuan to buy gold and silver utensils to buy off Sheng Xuanhuai, a member of Jiujiang Tongzhi and Westernization Bureau at that time, and asked him to order Dehua County to stamp for approval.
1886, the British built a lot of buildings in the area of Guniuling Changchong, and hired people to build roads and villas. After Jiujiang people knew about this, they were furious and appealed to Qing. So the Governor of Jiangxi arrested the relevant personnel and held a special trial in Jiujiang. Sheng Xuanhuai, a corrupt official from abroad, committed suicide. But Li Deli still ignored it, so he built houses and roads, divided his "rented" land into many shares, sold it at the price of each 200 yuan ocean, and published newspapers to attract westerners to Lushan for the summer. Jiujiang people rose up and angrily drove away the outsiders who went up the mountain for the summer vacation, and set fire to the temporary wooden house. Li Deli negotiated with the yamen of the Prime Minister of the Qing Dynasty through the British Consulate, and the result ended in the victory of the British. It is decided that Li Deli's Guling Company will return a part of the leased land to China, and China will pay compensation of 44 15 yuan. Changchong rents it to Li Deli to build a house, and Li Deli rents it12kg per year. The former Covenant was burned in public, a new Covenant was established, and fourteen boundary pillars were erected. Therefore, the area around Guling Street has become a world for foreigners, and many western-style houses and villas have been built. By 193 1, thousands of foreigners have gone to Guling for summer vacation and tourism. Foreigners account for one-third of the total population of Guling, and thousands of people from more than ten countries, including Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands and Switzerland, live here. Lushan Mountain in Guling has become an international tourist attraction. Then why did Guniuling change its name to Guniuling? According to Li Deli's The Story of Guling, the English word for Guling is Ku Ling, which is similar to cooling and means cool.
With the increase of westerners, foreign missionaries built various styles of churches in Guling area. There are mainly four cathedrals: First, the Concorde Chapel, which can accommodate more than a thousand people, is magnificent, all made of stone, magnificent and sacred. Attached is a chapel that can accommodate more than 200 people. It is located in Hexi Road, Donggu, Guling, and has been changed to Donggu Cinema. Second, the Catholic church in the middle of the road is an Italian monastery with a circular arched roof, which is simple and simple and has the style of Venice church. Another Catholic church in Lulin has been destroyed. 3. The mourning hall is located atNo.11south Guling Road. 4. London Church, located at No.276, Hedong Road, Guling, has a combination of sloping roof and flat roof, halls coexist, wide corridors and thin columns, and steel columns are supported between the flat roof and railings, which shows the characteristics of European architectural columns. In the Guling area, the gothic spire of the church is dotted with mountains, which is quite exotic.
Gukou Hanpo Lake
Hanpokou is in the south of Guling Mountain, with Wulao Peak in the east, Taiyi Peak, Jiuqi Peak and Hanyang Peak in the west, and the open space in the middle faces Poyang Lake. The elevation of this valley is 1 12 1 m, so it is named because it contains Poyang Lake. Legend has it that Junqi girl from Lushan loves to visit Poyang Lake, falls in love with Xilang, the rescuer who killed the snake spirit, and is stopped by the Jade Emperor. Within two days, the jade emperor sent two mountains to form a cross gate, which prevented the seven girls from going down the mountain. Seven girls sang and danced while holding the pipa, which led to the next day's song and dance. Seven girls took the opportunity to go down the mountain and meet Xilang. The Jade Emperor was very angry at the negligence of the two generals, and sent someone to cut it with an axe between two mountains, which became today's dry slope.
There is a stone archway in front of Poyang Lake, with the words "Poyang Lake Mouth" engraved in the middle, and the words "Lake Light" and "Mountain Color" engraved on the left and right ear doors respectively. Pass the archway and climb the stone steps, that is, to the "Pavilion". From this, we saw the "letter of a thousand miles lake and a ridge" of Poyang Lake, and saw the fishing sails dotted with blue waves, just as Yuan Hongdao said: "When you climb to the top of Poyang Lake, the Yangtze River overflows and muddy waves go online, and Poyang Lake is as clear as a photo. If you look closely at the sails, the mountains in the lake will either erode or rise like sand spots. ..... "The poet also imagined that this mouth would swallow the water of Poyang Lake:" It is said that the whale has a huge mouth, and the Xijiang River does not suck Poyang Lake. " (The poem "Pocket" by Cao Longshu, a native of Qingxingzi County) is even more imposing.
The lake is sparkling and the mountains are beautiful. Green peaks such as Wulao, Taiyi and Hanyang are close at hand. There are even nine strange peaks, and suddenly there are nine strange peaks. Yan Youshi, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, said: "There is no smoke outside the peak, and there is no north for half a day." The top stone is about to fall, and the old monk's temple hangs on the treetops. "Miracles and mountains are amazing. On Jiuben Peak, there is a plow tip with a higher vertex angle. The "plow tip" on this cliff is formed by glaciers and is very sharp. Here, when the cloud fluctuates and drifts to the plough peak, the spectacle of "Yun Geng sowing fog" can be seen. Look at the fog at the mouth of the lake. Guo Moruo's poem "The middle reaches of the fog contain the mouth of the lake" says: "When people reach the mouth of the lake, they hope that there will be a new pavilion in the lake. Lakes and mountains are locked in the clouds, and the sound of nature echoes in the fog. "
People like to watch the sunrise and the moon shadow at the mouth of the dry slope. Going up the mountain at dawn, I saw that before sunrise, the lake was all red and the mountains were covered with golden light. A red sun rises in Ran Ran, and Ran Ran is full of vitality. Looking at the moon on the pavilion in Wang Po at night, I can only see the dim shadows of the mountains and the bright moon in the sky, which seems to be within reach, like a magical fairyland.
The lakes and mountains, the clouds and the wonders of the sun and the moon are so attractive that people walk through the snow. At the end of Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the poem "From Strange Destiny in the Wind to Taiyi Peak" wrote:
The origin of the ancient poem "Thousands of Fogs on Lushan Mountain": The invasion of the morning alone contains a lake mouth, a thousand miles of lake and a ridge letter. But if the dwarf vine is poor, why not let the drizzle wet the blue? The forest is bleak, the temples are high and low, and the fog is faint. If not an explorer, who can walk on snow and on rocks?
Jinlongbian junction
When Feng Zikai, a famous painter, visited Lushan Mountain, he went to the "Tianqiao" for sightseeing. He climbed up the cliff on the left side of Xianrenpan, and saw that there was only a small stone fence on the opposite cliff, which was not like a bridge at all. He asked when the overpass fell down. The local people said, "There is no bridge on the overpass." . The painter wondered, "Why is it called an overpass without a bridge?"
It is said that this bridge was rebuilt by Jinlong, which was specially used to rescue Zhu Yuanzhang. In the Poyang Lake War, Chen Youliang attacked Zhu Yuanzhang's 200,000 troops and small warships with 600,000 troops and tall ships. Seeing that Zhu Yuanzhang's army had a big white ship under the banner, knowing that it was Zhu's flagship, they concentrated their fire on it. In Jinshazhou area, the ship ran aground and Zhu Yuanzhang fled to the shore and got on the horse. Chen Youliang gave chase, so Zhu Yuanzhang had to run up the mountain, whipping all the way to the edge of two cliffs on the immortal plate of Lushan Mountain. At first glance, there was no way to escape, and behind him came "Don't run away from monk Zhu!" " The shouts are getting closer and closer. At this time, a golden dragon suddenly fell from the sky and became an overpass, built between two cliffs. Zhu Yuanzhang had just dismounted and crossed the bridge when the overpass broke with a bang. Chen Youliang, who arrived at the bridge, watched Zhu Yuanzhang escape from ninety-nine Panshan Road. At present, there is only one stone left on the overpass, the horseshoe print on the edge of the cliff.
Xian fan Tian chi hui
Tianchi Mountain is located in the northwest of Guling. Tianchi on the top of the mountain is a double pool, which is said to have been dug up by Manjusri Bodhisattva. The pavilion next to the pool was originally the original site of Tianchi Temple built by Hui Zhi, a monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The stone platform in the west of the temple is Manjusri Terrace, where you can see the "Buddha Lantern" and watch the sea of clouds. Tianchi Mountain is towering into the sky. It is often sunny and raining cats and dogs. Wang Yangming wrote this feeling in a poem, engraved on the rock of Zhao Jiang Cliff Pavilion in the Great Tianchi Lake, which is "Sleeping in the Great Tianchi Lake Poetry": "Last night, the moon shone on the peak, and thunder was faintly heard at the foot of the mountain. Xiao Lai asked the people at the foot of the mountain, and the wind and rain swept the hut in the middle of the night. " Department of "Yangmingshan Wang Shouren Boanxin".
According to legend, the Great Tianchi Lake is the place where ancient Lu Jun fell in love with the jade girl in the sky. One of them lives in Chixi, the other in Dong Chi, one hunts and the other grows tea. They often meet in the mountains by the pond. After the jade emperor ordered the jade girl to return to the Heavenly Palace, the jade emperor could not bear to leave Tianchi and Lujun, so the jade emperor split Tianchi Mountain into ninety-nine divisions with a sword, and the two separated. Jade girl's sister sympathized with her and threw a silk from the sky, turning it into a brocade bridge. Connecting the east and west mountains. When the Jade Emperor saw this scene, he ordered Lei Gong Dian Mu to cut off Golden Cambridge. Jade girl couldn't see lujun, so she had to shed tears across the mountain. Tears flowed into Jinxi, which alarmed a golden dragon in the stream. Just as they both jumped off the cliff, Jinlong flew up, hugged them and climbed to the top of the cliff. So Tiannv became the splendid peak in the east of Datianchi, and Lujun became the Bai Yunfeng in the west of Datianchi. They face each other day and night, and they are affectionate. When Jinlong left the water, it also became a boulder. The huge cliff halfway up the mountain to the west of the Great Tianchi Lake is the head of the Golden Dragon-"Longtou Cliff", also called "Snake Cliff". Legend has it that when the sea of clouds spread to the front of Longtou Cliff, a monk in Tianchi Temple thought there was a Buddha in the cloud, so he climbed to the sky from there and fell to the hanging rock and died.
"Taiping Poetry Talk" contains: "Mr. Wang Yangming swims on the leading cliff of Tianchi Mountain in Kuanglu, with a cliff protruding from the mountain wall and a bottomless bottom. Those who haven't arrived, the public bowed their heads and walked slowly. If the dragon winds in front of the cliff, look at it and sigh' magic', and people are brave. " How bold and dangerous it is to dare to go to the faucet and look down from the cliff.