Growth habit of orchids, Yuncheng, Shanxi

Growth habit (1) Cymbidium likes astigmatism and is afraid of strong light. In the wild, orchids are short. When trees shade it, shrubs and weeds block part of the scattered light, and grow in an environment with relatively little scattered light for a long time, it forms an ecological habit of only liking a small amount of scattered light, warm radiation and refraction, and avoiding strong light. Usually try to let it bathe in the morning light, and give it half shade after 9 am in winter and spring; In summer and autumn, the sun will be shaded at 8: 00 am, 75% after 9: 30 am, 85% ~ 90% at noon, and 75% will be shaded at 16: 00. ⑵ When Cymbidium goeringii is wild, there are trees and shrubs because of its double shading, and the mountain wind often blows. Although in hot summer and autumn, its growing environment is still cool. Therefore, the temperature in the shed should not exceed 28 ~ 30℃. If the room temperature is too high, the old plants will die early, the new plants will suffer from high temperature damage, and the lower leaves will turn yellow or be prone to bacterial diseases. (3) Prefer to dry, avoid being too wet, and prefer to dry, which means that the substrate drains smoothly, and the substrate does not accumulate water and dries quickly. If the substrate is not dry, do not water it. Avoid being too wet, that is, the substrate should not be wet for a long time, and the relative temperature of the air should not be too high. Generally, the temperature should be kept at 45% ~ 50% during hibernation, but not lower than 40%; During the growth period, the air temperature should be kept at 70% ~ 75% and not higher than 80% (the high-grade Ilex can keep the relative air temperature at 80%). (4) Like ventilation, avoid oppression and like ventilation means that in the orchid environment, keep the orchid tip slightly shaking and the air fresh, but avoid strong winds to prevent mechanical damage caused by leaf base damage and blade collision and friction. Ventilation and dehumidification, it is appropriate to open the exhaust fan under the basket and the ventilator on the roof, and the wind force of the leaf blower must be small. Avoid suffocation, that is, the air in the shed should have good convection to avoid smoke pollution. 5] It needs to be vernalized, and it should not be too warm. The flower buds of Cymbidium hybridum differentiate in late summer, develop and elongate in autumn, hibernate in cold winter, and expand from late winter to the following spring. Due to the long-term adaptation to the cold climate in winter, it takes a low temperature period equivalent to the "vernalization stage" in the bud development period to bloom normally. In vernalization stage, the room temperature in greenhouse should be kept at about 5℃ and above 0℃. After nearly a month, it can gradually rise below 12℃, and the buds can develop and swell normally and bloom normally. When the temperature is too high during the development of flower buds, flower buds are easy to wither. When the flowering temperature is higher than 15℃, the vegetative growth is active, and flowering is inhibited, which easily leads to poor flowering, early flowering and obvious shortening of flowering. Therefore, in the vernalization stage, potted orchids should be placed outdoors or in a corridor with no light and good ventilation in areas without freezing injury. Potted orchids should be placed in the living room or indoors without temperature in cold areas where temperature is collected to prevent cold. In this way, more flowers can bloom normally. Growth Habits of Cymbidium hybridum The main growth habits of Cymbidium hybridum are as follows: (1) The root system of Cymbidium hybridum is thick and vigorous, and the pseudobulb is obvious and round, which can store more water and nutrients and keep it dry for nearly half a month. Its leaves have thick cuticle, smooth and shiny leaves, smooth back, sunken pores and strong drought resistance. But its root system, like other ground-rooted orchids, is not resistant to water stains and needs to cultivate hydrophobic and breathable substrates. ⑵ Chinese cymbidium likes moderate temperature and is not cold-tolerant. It is distributed in subtropical areas and often grows in sunny places such as forest edges. Therefore, it likes the growing environment in which there is no heat in summer and autumn and the temperature is below zero in winter. The growth habits of Cymbidium hybridum are mostly originated from the forest fields with low altitude, little rain, plenty of sunshine, much frost and snow and poor loam from the north of the Tropic of Cancer to 34 north latitude. The specific ecological conditions here have developed its characteristics of thick and developed roots, long and narrow leaves, thick and hard, and rough and slow growth. Introduction and domestication should refer to the following points: (1) I like sunshine, and the mist dew moistens the shade net, so movable type should be established. At noon, if the light is too strong, I want to have 50% shade, and the rest of the time I will leave it open and let it bathe in sunshine and fog. ⑵ The reason why the soil is dry and fertile, the air is moist, and the substrate is dry is because the origin is less rainy and the soil is dry, which forces the water-repellent function of the root system to play an efficient role and may make the root system strong. The substrate for domestication and cultivation should be rough, hydrophobic, breathable, not afraid of drizzle and often dry. The slow growth of Cymbidium hybridum is related to the poor quality of its native soil, so organic fertilizer should be applied appropriately. Because the origin of Cymbidium hybridum is less rainy and the air humidity is low, one of its photosynthetic raw materials is less water and produces less food, which leads to slow growth. During domestication and cultivation, the substrate should not be dried for too long, and the air humidity during the growing period should not be lower than 60%. (3) Can resist cold and heat, and don't spoil it too much. Cymbidium hybridum does have strong cold and heat resistance in the wild, but after artificial domestication and cultivation, its stress resistance has been greatly weakened, and it is generally not allowed to endure the trouble of sub-zero temperature and the suffering of high temperature above 32℃. Usually management can be extensive, and it is just as well to let it get wet in the rain for a short time. (4) flowering needs a proper amount. According to the cold resistance of Cymbidium hybridum, the slow stage of leaf bud is the stage of flower primordium formation, and the temperature should not be higher than 23℃. The growth dormancy period in winter and early spring is the growth and development period of flower buds, and the temperature should not be higher than 65438 05℃ to meet the necessary temperature for their reproductive growth. The growth habits of spring sword spring sword mostly grows in the evergreen broad-leaved forest belt of alpine valleys at an altitude of 800 ~ 2500 meters. Its main growth habits are as follows: (1) Spring sword is mostly native to the valley of evergreen broad-leaved forest, where the soil and air are humid, so it forms a growth habit of liking humidity and avoiding high dryness. It is required that the culture medium has good hydrophobic and breathable properties and dries quickly after being poured with water and fertilizer. When the substrate is short of water, water it in time and don't let it dry for too long. The relative humidity of air during the growth period should be controlled between 75% and 80%, and the dormancy period should not be less than 50%. ⑵ I like scattering sunlight, so I don't want to avoid the scorching sun valley, which is covered by the shade of evergreen broad-leaved forest for a short time, and only scatters light for a short time. So it prefers to disperse sunlight and avoid the scorching sun. I like the morning light in winter and spring, and shading is suitable after nine o'clock; After 8: 00 in summer and autumn, the shading density should be around 70%; The shading density at noon is 80% ~ 85%; The shading density is 70% after 16: 00. (3) can be cold-resistant and avoid high temperature. Spring sword can be cultivated in the open air in winter in the Yangtze River basin. It can be seen that it has strong cold resistance. Of course, once artificially introduced and domesticated, its cold resistance and other stress resistance will be greatly weakened, and the dormancy period should not be lower than 0℃. Because it is cold-resistant, it must be afraid of high temperature. Not only should the temperature during the growing period be controlled between 28℃ and 30℃, but the temperature at night should be more than 6℃ lower than that during the day. After vernalization in winter, the temperature during the day should not exceed 65438 05℃ and the temperature at night should not exceed 8 ~ 65438 00℃. (4) It needs to be vernalized, not too warm. Like Chunlan, it needs a low-temperature vernalization stage of about 5℃ in recent months, and the buds grow and swell after the winter is cold, so that they can bloom normally. The temperature from vernalization to flowering should also be controlled between 10 ~ 15℃. If it is too high, the vegetative growth will be active, which will inhibit the reproductive growth and lead to the premature withering of flowers. The main growth habit of Chinese cymbidium (1) prefers shade to strong light. According to many field trips, Chinese cymbidium mostly grows in sunny forests. According to the experiment of Orchid Research Center of South China Normal University and Department of Botany of National University of Singapore, it is found that the light compensation point of Cymbidium goeringii photosynthesis is about half that of morning light, and the light saturation point in summer is about 10% ~ 15% of noon light intensity. This fully proves that Chinese cymbidium is a typical negative plant. Too much sunlight can cause sunburn. Therefore, the shading density should be 60% ~ 70% in winter and spring; Shading density should be 85% ~ 90% in summer and autumn. ⑵ The optimum temperature for growth and dormancy of Chinese cymbidium is 25 ~ 28℃, 12 ~ 15℃ during the day and 8 ~ 12℃ at night. It can't stand the low temperature below 3℃, even a short-term low temperature below 2℃ will cause freezing damage. (3) Like wet, avoid dry orchids, which are native to rainy southern forests, like wet and avoid dry. The relative humidity of air should be 75% ~ 80% in the growing period and above 50% in winter. If the substrate surface is dry, water it as soon as possible, and don't dry it for too long. (4) Like fertilizer, but avoid turbidity According to the determination of relevant departments, the leaves and pseudobulb of Cymbidium hybridum contain a lot of phosphorus, and its old roots have a strong ability to absorb phosphorus, so the demand for phosphorus of Cymbidium hybridum is less; Chinese cymbidium leaves are thick and wide, so it needs more nitrogen. The leaves of Chinese cymbidium are wide and need more potassium nutrition, which can effectively increase lignin and cellulose in the leaves, enhance the supporting force of the leaves and not weaken. Therefore, the suitable ratio of the three elements of Orchid and fertilizer is 35% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus and 45% potassium. Although Moran likes fertilization, high concentration and frequent fertilization are prohibited. Instead, it needs 0. 1% chemical fertilizer and 1 ~ 0.2% organic liquid fertilizer, every 15 ~ 20 days 1 time. The main growth habits of lotus petals are as follows: (1) Lotus petals are mainly produced in low latitude and high altitude plateau areas in the south subtropical zone and the north tropical zone. Located at the intersection of the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean and the southeast monsoon from the Pacific Ocean, the local area has mild, humid and moderate rainfall climate characteristics, as well as cold, warm and sultry climate characteristics. The vertical change of climate in this area is obvious. The average temperature in the coldest winter is as low as MINUS 7℃; The average temperature in the hottest summer and autumn is only about 16℃. Lotus orchids, which are mainly produced in western Yunnan and northwest Yunnan where the temperature is low, have developed cold resistance characteristics due to the influence of low temperature (the cold resistance of introduced domesticated seedlings is greatly weakened). Due to the complex and changeable terrain in this area, there are many low-altitude valleys, and large and small rivers, waterfalls and springs crisscross; There are clouds in the air. Therefore, it has developed an ecological habit of heat intolerance. (2) The origin of lotus root is relatively shade-tolerant but not sun-tolerant, with good vegetation, moderate rainfall, high air humidity, thin cuticle of leaves, and a growth habit of relatively shade-tolerant but not strong light. (3) Avoid planting lotus petals into a cluster. Pseudobulb is small with slender leaves. If we break up the planting, we will lose the condition of helping each other in the same boat and weaken the resistance. Often it is easy to pour out because of watering and blowing. Therefore, it prefers to plant 3 ~ 4 plants in clusters to avoid dividing individual plants. The growth habit of Hanlan is actually named because its main flowering period is in late autumn and early winter when the climate begins to cool, not because it is cold-resistant. Its main growth habits are as follows: (1) It likes dry soil and humid environment. Cold orchids are mostly native to the forest fields facing the northwest and southeast, and there are often streams and mountains under them. It is also the same as its long and narrow leaves, thin body, rough back and thin cuticle. Therefore, it likes the growth environment where the substrate is often biased and the air humidity is high. (2) Like a cool, cold-free climate, the woodlands on the mountainside are well ventilated, cool in summer and autumn, and cold-free in winter and spring. In the domestication practice, it is also confirmed that the cold and heat tolerance of Cymbidium hybridum is only between Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum. (3) Among the deeply planted orchids, Cymbidium is the most flowering variety. Too many flowers and too much consumption lead to its growth characteristics, such as vegetative growth fatigue, weakened stress resistance, premature plant aging and low germination rate. Therefore, it is not suitable for over-cutting and over-planting, but also requires deep planting (taking burying false bulbs as the degree).