2. With the development of international outsourcing business, Porter further put forward the concept of value system in 1998, expanding the research perspective to different companies, which is similar to the concept of global value chain that appeared later.
3. Later, Kogut put forward the concept of value chain, which can better reflect the relationship between vertical separation of value chain and global spatial reconstruction than Porter's. 200 1 Griffin put forward the concept of global value chain when analyzing the international division of labor and industrial relations on a global scale.
4. The concept of global value chain provides a network-based analysis method for analyzing the geographical and organizational characteristics of international production and reveals the dynamic characteristics of global industries.
5. The basic value-added activities of an enterprise are "production and operation links" in a general sense, such as material supply, finished product development, production and operation, finished product storage and transportation, marketing and after-sales service. These activities are directly related to the processing and circulation of commodity entities.
6. Auxiliary value-added activities of enterprises, including organizational construction, personnel management, technology development and procurement management.
The technology and procurement here are generalized, which can include both productive technology and unproductive development management, such as decision-making technology, information technology and planning technology. Procurement management includes not only the production of raw materials, but also the management of other resources, for example, hiring relevant consulting companies to carry out advertising planning, market forecasting, legal consultation, information system design, long-term strategic planning, etc.
7. The value chain is ubiquitous in economic activities. There is an industry value chain between upstream and downstream related enterprises, and the relationship between business units within the enterprise constitutes the enterprise value chain, and there are also value chain connections among business units within the enterprise.
Every value activity in the value chain will have an impact on how much value the enterprise can finally realize. Value chain plays an important role in income, international division of labor and business strategy.
8. Porter's "value chain" theory reveals that the competition between enterprises is not only the competition of a certain link, but the competition of the whole value chain, and the comprehensive competitiveness of the whole value chain determines the competitiveness of enterprises.
In Porter's words: "The value in consumers' mind is composed of a series of specific activities and profits of enterprises in material and technology. When you compete with other enterprises, it is actually the competition of many internal activities, not the competition of one activity. "
Extended data:
1, Microsoft and its Windows operating system as the desktop of personal computers-many commercial softwares are the core of this development and are usually regarded as typical companies and products that drive a value chain.
2. When purchasing software for personal computers, enterprises spend far more on additional software than on the basic operating system, which is the de facto standard for running these additional software. Other companies must meet Windows standards. In this sense, it can be said that Microsoft controls a value chain.
According to a research report of McKinsey & Company, the value of this unique value chain reached $383 billion in 1998. Microsoft's share in this value chain is only 4%, or $654.38+053 billion.
If a company creates a value chain by developing products or services and providing a platform for other companies, it is more likely to increase its market share than a company that tries to provide the whole value chain by itself.