There is no doubt that Yiwu and Kunshan are two places worthy of special books in China.
The most important thing for a local economy to develop is to attract investment and develop independently.
Kunshan is good at attracting foreign investment. Of course, we don't expect Yiwu to have as much foreign investment as Kunshan, but we can always attract funds from Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi and Lanzhou.
Yiwu's natural environment is similar to Hanzhong (strictly speaking, it is similar to Xixiang County in Hanzhong). It used to be really poor, but in just 20 years, it has developed into the world's largest small commodity market and initially built an international small city. More importantly, it promotes the development of local industry and surrounding economy. ...
Speaking of these, the most important thing is the government's sense of service.
1. A Comparative Study of Kunshan Experience and Yiwu Experience
Known as a big agricultural county, Kunshan has introduced more than 20 billion US dollars of registered foreign capital in more than ten years, and developed into an important manufacturing base of IT industry in the world. In 2005 and 2006, it ranked first among the top 100 counties in China for two consecutive years. Yiwu, an inland city not facing the sea, has cultivated the world's largest small commodity market for more than ten years, with 200,000 merchants coming and going every day, including more than 8,000 foreign merchants from more than 30 countries. This year, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province set up two county-level cities, Kunshan and Yiwu, respectively, as advanced models of learning in the province to summarize and publicize, and invited major central news media, the Central Policy Research Office, the Central Party School and other institutions to conduct in-depth research and summary. The promotion of Kunshan's experience and Yiwu's experience was carried out under the background of the central government vigorously advocating Scientific Outlook on Development, promoting basic modernization and building a new socialist countryside. A comparative study of the experience of the developed areas in the southeast coast will help us to further understand the essential connotation of its development and learn from its development experience. This paper mainly makes some superficial comparative analysis from the similarities between the two places.
First, in-depth research from time to time and unswervingly implement the established development strategy are important prerequisites for the success of Kunshan and Yiwu.
Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been developing at a high speed and has made remarkable achievements. One of the most important reasons is that no matter how the international and domestic situation changes, the central government has always adhered to the general direction of reform and opening up. Coincidentally, this is vividly reflected in the economic development of Kunshan and Yiwu, two advanced county-level regions.
Since the 1980s, Kunshan has always adhered to the strategy of extroversion-driven, taking vigorously developing the export-oriented economy as the top priority, and Yiwu has always adhered to the strategy of prospering business and building the city, taking the construction and improvement of the small commodity market as the top priority. Since the establishment of the development strategy of the two places, although the national macro-control and changes in the international and domestic situation have been experienced, and the leading bodies have been rotated several times, the grand strategy of economic development has not deviated, and the main ideas have not been adjusted, thus truly achieving the goal of defending the green hills and persisting in development. Although every secretary of the municipal party committee (county party committee) has his own ruling style and characteristics, he always has the same goal and direction in major decisions. This is an important prerequisite for Kunshan and Yiwu to achieve today's economic and social achievements.
The notable feature of Kunshan experience is "extroversion-driven", while Yiwu experience is "market-driven". The important entrance and carrier of Kunshan Road is the national Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the entrance and main carrier of Yiwu experience is Yiwu International Commodity Market. Kunshan, the scale of a county-level city, started from the development zone, made the article of export-oriented economy thorough, and finally made Kunshan the first county-level city in China. Yiwu, on the other hand, took the article "Small Commodity Market", which was unremarkable before and blossomed everywhere in Zhejiang, to the extreme, making Yiwu Small Commodity Market the largest professional market in the world.
Clear direction, strategic locking and perseverance are actually simple magic weapons for many enterprises and individuals to succeed. On the contrary, some regions put forward a strategy every year, and every new leader wants to make his own distinctive brand and make brand-new development achievements, which will inevitably have a great negative impact on the long-term development of a place.
Second, from the node of innovation, the difficulties faced by each development will be transformed into innovative development ideas and an important link to improve the development level, which is the highlight support for the success of Kunshan and Yiwu.
Interestingly, looking back on the development history of more than ten years, in Jiangsu, especially in southern Jiangsu, the development of Kunshan's export-oriented economy is not a unique advantage, and the competition has been extremely fierce in the later period; In Zhejiang, the development of small commodity market is not unique to Yiwu, and there have been many very famous small commodity markets. In 1980s, Kunshan's export-oriented economy and Yiwu's small commodity market were not outstanding compared with surrounding counties and cities. However, in the subsequent specific development process, in the face of international and domestic difficulties, Kunshan and Yiwu turned the tide, turned decay into magic, and formulated a series of innovative measures to promote the economies of the two places to constantly overcome difficulties, overcome crises and create brilliance. A detailed interpretation of the development history of Kunshan and Yiwu for more than ten years shows that there are also many innovation nodes supporting their success.
In the process of developing export-oriented economy, Kunshan has experienced many difficulties, such as difficult start, Asian financial turmoil, national macro-control, and dislocation of county economic powers and responsibilities. It is these troubles that gave birth to and inspired a series of innovations in Kunshan. These important innovation nodes include: 1. Introduce the first wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the province; 2. Transfer the first piece of land with compensation; 3. Establish economic and technological development zones at their own expense; 4. Start and take the lead in closing the export processing zone.
In the process of developing small commodity market, Yiwu has also experienced difficulties such as institutional and policy obstacles and vicious competition in the market. However, the Yiwu Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government respected the initiative of the masses, vigorously broke through institutional and institutional obstacles, actively guided the development of small commodity processing industry, and promoted the phoenix nirvana of Yiwu small commodity market with a series of innovative measures. Important innovation nodes in Yiwu are: 1. Open the county commodity market and put forward "four permits" 2. Innovative development strategy-"promoting industry by business, linking trade and industry", developing small commodity processing industry related to the market, expanding the Yiwu market from the place of sale to the place of origin, and transforming Yiwu products from "buying the whole country, selling the whole country, buying the whole world and selling the whole world" to "making small commodities in Yiwu". 3. Put forward the strategic goal of building an international trade city and push Yiwu small commodities to the international market. 4. Take the lead in the reform of paid use of state-owned land use rights; Take the lead in introducing private investment and implementing the reform of investment and financing system; Take the lead in implementing cross-regional water rights trading and so on. Every innovation node has many stories, every innovation node is a fierce collision of ideas, and every innovation node is an improvement of the level of economic development. The intuitive expression of regional competitiveness differences is a historical "node" left by various places to cope with the development difficulties in various periods. It is worth mentioning that Kunshan Road itself is an improvement and innovation of the traditional experience in southern Jiangsu, and Yiwu experience is also the inheritance and development of Zhejiang economy represented by Wenzhou model.
Thirdly, from the comparative analysis of environmental factors, creating an open, fair and comfortable soft and hard environment is a necessary guarantee for the success of Kunshan and Yiwu.
The difference of economic development level between regions is directly reflected in the difference of environment. A region with rapid economic development must have a good environment, which can introduce and stimulate various "vitality factors" for economic development.
A reasonably positioned government environment. The government plays a key role in economic and social development in the period of economic transformation. Among the variables that affect economic development, the government environment is undoubtedly the most important factor, and the orientation and intensity of government behavior directly affect the quality and speed of a local economic development. In the process of developing export-oriented economy, Kunshan always regards building a service-oriented government as an important goal of its own construction. "Pro-business, safe business, wealthy businessmen", "honest service, standardized administration, cost reduction and efficiency improvement", "international practice, teamwork, efficiency and benefit", "trustworthy and standardized, transparent and efficient, win-win cooperation", "zero obstacle, low cost, high efficiency", "whole process, high performance and specialization" and so on can be seen from these government work concepts put forward by Kunshan in recent years. All departments are working creatively around these ideas. In the process of developing the small commodity market, Yiwu emphasizes that the government does something and does something wrong. Doing something wrong means that the resources that should be allocated by the market are allocated by the market, and the government will never interfere, such as the production and operation of enterprises; Doing something means that the government must manage what it manages, such as creating and protecting the environment. After years of advocacy, these government work concepts have gradually become the group thinking of leading cadres in Kunshan and Yiwu. An inclusive humanistic environment. According to the cadre appointment system, for many years, the main leaders of Kunshan and Yiwu municipal committees and governments have been leaders from different places, but this has not affected the implementation of the established strategy, which is closely related to the unique humanistic environment gradually formed in the past ten years. Export-oriented economy and market economy are essentially the same. Therefore, the two places reach the same goal by different routes, and both have nurtured an open and inclusive humanistic environment. The internationalization of economy will inevitably lead to the gradual internationalization of humanistic information, thoughts and behaviors. International vision and open vision will inevitably guide local leaders to create superior investment and living environment at a higher level. This is an environmental factor that the development of Kunshan and Yiwu gradually forms a virtuous circle. It is worth mentioning that while the two places have made great economic achievements, other social undertakings have also made remarkable achievements, forming a good situation of coordinated development between urban and rural areas.
An increasingly optimized living environment. The hard environment is the most intuitive embodiment of the level of regional economic development, and the living environment formed by environmental protection, social security, culture and education can be said to be an important factor to attract investment, information, especially talents. At present, the registered population of Kunshan and Yiwu is about 650,000, but the floating population has reached more than 800,000 and 6,543.8+00,000 respectively. Kunshan has successively won the titles of National Health City, National Environmental Protection Model City, National Excellent Tourism City, National Garden City and Top Ten Charming Cities in China. Yiwu has become a harmonious city integrating urban and rural areas. It has been named as a civilized city in Zhejiang Province and a national health city. It took the lead in formulating an action plan for urban-rural integration, and comprehensively implemented centralized garbage collection and treatment, centralized sewage treatment and urban-rural drinking water safety construction.