Morphological characteristics of Pinellia ternata
Pinellia ternata is a perennial herb of Araceae, with a height of 15 ~ 3~8cm, a nearly spherical tuber with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 3.0 cm, and 4 basal leaves1~. Leaves come from the top of tuber and petiole is 5 ~ 2~4mm long. There is a small white or brown bead at the lower part of the petiole, with a diameter of 3 ~ 8 cm, and occasionally a small white or brown bead at the base of the leaf. Adult leaves 3 are completely divided, and the divided leaves are oval, lanceolate to strip. The middle leaf is 3 ~15cm long and1~ 4cm wide. The base is wedge-shaped, the apex is slightly pointed, the whole leaf is slightly wavy, the teeth are round, and both sides are smooth and hairless. Veins are pinnate, spikes are terminal, and peduncles are usually longer than petioles. The spathe is green, with purple-green edge, 6 ~ 7 cm long; There are often purple spots and stripes on the upper part of the inner side. Flowers are unisexual, with female flowers under the inflorescence axis, no perianth, 20 ~ 70 pistils, short style and monoecious; Male flowers are located in the upper half of inflorescence axis, white, without perianth, stamens are dense cylindrical, 3 ~ 7 mm away from female flowers. In the meantime, there is a small hole with a diameter of 1mm around the spatula, which connects the upper and lower parts. Inflorescence is tail-shaped, protruding from spatula, green or purplish, upright, or bent into "S" shape. Is the berry oval, green or green? White, 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, with 1 seed, oval, grayish white, 2-3 mm long, and1.5-3 mm wide, with a 1000-grain weight of 9.88 g and a flowering period of May-September. The scape is about 30 mm long.
growing environment
Pinellia ternata has shallow roots, likes mild and humid climate, fears drought and avoids high temperature. In summer, it is necessary to grow in half yin and half yang, afraid of strong light. In the case of direct sunlight or insufficient water, seedlings are prone to lodging, and tubers can naturally overwinter. Sandy loam is a moist, fertile and deep soil, with a water content of 20% ~ 30% and a pH value of 6 ~ 7, which is suitable for neutral reaction. Generally, the requirements for soil are not strict. Except for saline-alkali soil, gravel soil, sandy soil, cohesive soil and places where water is easy to accumulate, other soils are basically not suitable for planting.
Pinellia ternata is widely distributed in China, which can grow below 2500m above sea level, and is commonly found in corn, wheat fields, grassy slopes, fields and trees. It is also distributed in Korea and Japan, which means that Pinellia ternata has great adaptability to the changes of temperature and humidity, and this adaptability is a necessary prerequisite for the emergence of weeds. Pinellia ternata can be planted in the Yangtze River Basin, Northeast China, North China and other provinces. The main producing areas are Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan.
According to the habit of Pinellia ternata emergence many times a year, some people have designed sowing date experiments in spring, autumn and winter. Pinellia ternata with a diameter of 1.5 ~ 2 cm and a weight of 3 ~ 5 g was used as the experimental material. The sowing amount in the plot was 168 ~ 189 g, and the plot area was1m×1m.
distribution range
Pinellia ternata is mainly distributed in Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Sichuan and Gansu. Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Hebei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan are also distributed.
Location: Wuchang, Laohekou, Xiangyang, Yangxin and Tianmen, Hubei. Henan Runan, Lingbao, Lushi, Mianchi, Xixian, Huaibin, Gushi and Tanghe; Anhui Huaining, Xuancheng, Ningguo, Funan and Yingshang; Shandong Jinxiang, Juye, Jiaonan, Wulian and Laiyang; Sichuan Suining, Anyue, Wanxian, Zhaojue, Yuechi, Bishan, Longchang, Rongchang, Zhongxian and Yingshan.
Main value
Pinellia ternata is pungent, warm and toxic. Enter spleen, stomach and lung meridians. It has the effects of lowering adverse flow, stopping vomiting, warming stomach, removing dampness and resolving phlegm, and relieving swelling and resolving hard mass. Indications: cough and asthma due to excessive phlegm, dizziness due to wind phlegm, dizziness due to phlegm drinking, headache due to phlegm syncope, vomiting, nausea, chest tightness, and plum gas. And external treatment of carbuncle, swollen phlegm and nucleus. Jiang Banxia is mostly used to reduce adverse reactions and stop vomiting; Pinellia ternata is mostly used for eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. Pinellia ternata is a commonly used Chinese medicine, and its decoction pieces and Chinese patent medicines are widely used in production. It is a good medicine for warming cold and resolving phlegm, and other drugs are difficult to replace.