Facing the market scale of 500 billion, information product providers at home and abroad have been waiting for a long time, and they are all optimistic about this bowl of fat meat. However, the informatization process of a large number of enterprises in China shows that about 70% of enterprise IT projects exceed the scheduled development cycle, and it is common that many large-scale informatization projects in manufacturing industry exceed the planned delivery time by 20%-50% on average. The development cost of a software project exceeds the budget by more than 90%. The bigger the project, the higher the expenditure beyond the project plan. Not only that, but also a considerable number of ERP projects have spent money. Information projects that have become bean curd residue projects and half-baked projects are also everywhere.
People can't help asking: Is informatization a golden key or a black hole?
Based on this understanding, in 20021October 28th, 165438, the Ministry of Information Industry officially promulgated the Interim Provisions on Information System Engineering Supervision. It stipulates that information projects with an investment of more than 2 million yuan must be supervised by a third party. This has opened the prelude to standardizing China's information construction projects in the system. It is not only an important means to improve the investment benefit of informatization projects, but also of great significance to speed up the process of informatization construction in China and prevent and avoid the risks of informatization projects.
For a long time, in information construction, we have emphasized the importance, advancement and urgency of information construction, while ignoring the risks of information system construction. It is reported that a consulting group investigated the customer server systems developed by 24 large American enterprises. The results show that 68% of the projects have exceeded the scheduled development cycle, 55% have exceeded the budget and 88% have to be redesigned. Another famous American survey company, SPR, conducted similar enterprise information system engineering surveys in the United States and Britain. The report shows that 30% ~ 50% of client/server projects give up development halfway.
Foxmeia used to be one of the largest drug distributors in the United States, with annual income exceeding $5 billion. The company invested two and a half years and 1 100 million dollars to establish an ERP system, which not only failed to improve the marketing business, but also brought endless problems in information processing, so that the company finally had to declare bankruptcy, leaving only unresolved lawsuits between two partners.
The situation in our country is also not optimistic. The data shows that the average debugging period of ERP software is 10 to 39 months. Such a long debugging process has approached or surpassed the software production process. It highlights the immaturity of ERP software. An auto parts factory in Changchun was once one of the largest parts suppliers of China FAW Group, with an annual output value of over RMB 654.38+0.2 billion. 18 months later, it cost nearly 10 million. After the introduction of an ERP system, it fell into a "marathon" of debugging. Instead of improving management, the output value and profit decreased by 39%. Even at the time of bankruptcy and liquidation, the factory leaders sighed and said, "ERP has dragged us down."
Numerous vivid cases at home and abroad show that strengthening supervision in informatization construction is of great significance and role in avoiding risks in informatization construction and accelerating informatization process.
However, with the implementation of some information engineering supervision, the effect is not ideal. The gratifying situation that people expected did not come. Some information-based engineering supervision companies have encountered many thorny problems at the specific operational level. It is a common problem not to treat the supervision company as an onion. For example, after receiving a project, a supervision company prepares documents such as supervision outline, supervision plan and professional supervision distribution plan according to different subsystems of the project, trying to standardize the process and quality of the whole project. However, before Party B delivered the project, the project supervisor could not see the real "project site" of Party B at all. The "five controls, two pipes and one coordination" insisted by the supervisor has completely become a beautiful sentence. The whole regulatory process has completely fallen into a "regulatory black hole". Not only that, but also a supervisor is used as a shield. This situation is more obvious and prominent in e-government projects. Because most e-government projects are in the state of "three noes", how to supervise e-government projects is even more difficult.
In addition, many owners still have many ambiguities about how to introduce supervision mechanism, especially how to attach importance to and give full play to the role of supervision in project control, management and supervision in the construction of information projects. Therefore, in the face of "endless ERP, will there be any project teams", they are indifferent and used to it.
Some supervision companies, although they have done several projects with millions of funds, have obtained the qualification of information supervision, but they lack the understanding and grasp of the importance of supervision work; There is a lack of operational monitoring means and monitoring ability in the implementation of supervision projects. I don't know the process control principle of ISO9000, and I can't master the monitoring points. I don't know what the top ten management items are, what the 36 management objectives are, and what the 127 control measures are. Do not understand the management concepts and methods of risk control, risk management and risk assessment in ISO 17799 international standard. So that the supervisor ignores it, sees it without asking, and sees it without seeing it; There are many situations that should be ignored and often happen.
Some even follow the practice and thinking of construction supervision and imitate the practice of construction supervision, completely losing the characteristics of information construction projects and the focus of supervision. After the completion of other projects, supervision companies are required to submit financial audit reports. Think of the supervision company as an audit company. Therefore, software vendors are more confident about project overruns and time limit overruns. Even Huang, executive vice president of SAP Greater China, called on the government to realize the necessity of reducing risks in the process of informatization, which is a good thing. The key question is, who will supervise it? What is the content of supervision? How to supervise?
Huang's words really touched a sore spot on this issue.
In fact, the project supervision system is an internationally accepted practice and experience. Project supervision is generally applicable not only to projects under construction, but also to international bank loans and United Nations-related projects. Informatization project supervision system refers to a modern supervision and management system that comprehensively and dynamically controls and manages all kinds of resources involved in project implementation and the designed and realized goals in the whole process of informatization project implementation, so as to reduce project risks.
According to the scale and difficulty of informatization projects, the implementation process can generally be divided into four stages: pre-project supervision, project process supervision, project trial operation supervision and post-project follow-up supervision. Some domestic supervision companies are divided into five stages.
Generally speaking, the main task and monitoring focus of informatization project supervision can be considered from six aspects:
1, the technical direction of the project and the rationality and adaptability of software and hardware selection;
2. Feasibility and safety of the project implementation plan;
3. The authority of the project leader and the rationality of the personnel structure;
4. The planning of project implementation and the connection of subdivision targets;
5. The necessity and value-added of "secondary development" and the stability of software operation after adding new functions;
6, the use of funds planning, seriousness and rationality.
According to the above points, the supervisor should make a whole process and dynamic monitoring scheme. And should fulfill the project supervision responsibility system, project supervision verification system and supervision report system. Verification and records should be taken as important witness and basis for project acceptance. And file it as a "controlled" document for future reference. Before the project is completed, the project supervisor should not only submit a complete project supervision report, but also verify some functions of the project and the use of the report. If the verification is unqualified, the project acceptance cannot be carried out.
Because the information engineering supervision system has just been implemented in China, there may be some problems. As long as we conscientiously sum up experiences and lessons, constantly realize rational sublimation, deepen our understanding of the significance of information engineering supervision system, and speed up the training of a group of compound supervision talents who know both technology and management, we will certainly do a good job in information engineering supervision.
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