First, establishing a good relationship between teachers and students is the key to cultivate students' interest in learning.
Harmonious teacher-student relationship plays a special and wonderful role in the teaching process. It is like a ribbon, which narrows the distance between teachers and students, making students' learning motivation rise from simple cognitive needs to emotional needs, and teachers' work motivation rise from professional needs to duty needs. Good teacher-student relationship can enable students to actively cooperate with your teaching, complete teaching tasks in a good teaching atmosphere, achieve the expected goals and receive the expected results. However, it is almost inconceivable to cultivate students' interest in learning and improve teaching quality under the tense or even antagonistic relationship between teachers and students. Therefore, a good teacher-student relationship is the key to cultivate students' interest in learning. To cultivate a good relationship between teachers and students, we can consider starting from these aspects.
(A) establish a good self-image
Teachers' kind attitude, kind eyes, sincere trust and encouragement are the motivation for students to enjoy learning. Because teachers and students are not only the relationship between educators and educatees, but also the relationship between leaders and led, mature and immature, knowledgeable and ignorant, and elders and younger generations, teachers are bound to be more attractive, influential and authoritative. That is to say, we should have profound knowledge and good teaching art, always care and love for students, selfless and impartial character, solemn appearance and manners. Only by truly becoming a charismatic teacher can there be a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, and your educational role will shine.
(2) Constantly enhance their comprehensive quality.
Teachers must have a solid cultural foundation and noble moral quality in order to gain the trust of students. Good teacher-student relationship is based on teachers' cultural and scientific knowledge. Chinese teachers should have a complete set of professional knowledge of Chinese departments and disciplines in normal universities, that is, China ancient literature, China modern literature, China contemporary literature, foreign literature, literature introduction, aesthetics, writing, calligraphy and other knowledge; It is necessary to lay a solid foundation for these professional knowledge and constantly supplement the new knowledge provided in the development of disciplines. Only in this way can we constantly improve our professional and cultural level and meet the needs of both sides. As the saying goes: teaching by example is more important than teaching by words, which shows that the moral quality of teachers will have a great influence on students; Kalinin, a Soviet educator, put it well: "The teacher's world, his personality, his life and his attitude towards every phenomenon all affect all students in one way or another." In order to have a good influence on students' morality, Chinese teachers should strengthen their moral cultivation, strive to have all the excellent qualities of socialist morality and become models for students.
(c) Continue to encourage and affirm students.
A successful teacher always devotes himself to teaching activities with an appreciative eye and a positive attitude. Teachers' encouragement and affirmation can make students cheer up and make continuous progress; Teachers' sincere expectations can not only induce students' positive passion, but also profoundly affect the development of students' intelligence and personality. If there is no sincere appreciation in the teacher-student relationship, any student may lose confidence. Therefore, moderate praise, encouragement and affirmation can stimulate students to keep forging ahead, encourage them to "you can do it", improve their learning methods and improve their academic performance.
(D) love-oriented, a little more respect and trust for students.
Educator Rogers believes that teachers' attitude can determine the success or failure of teaching. Love is the foundation of harmonious teacher-student relationship. Although students are young, they also have the same emotional world as adults: they know happiness and pain, shame and fear, and they have a sense of self-esteem and honor. Teachers should be more patient and less impatient with students; Be more tolerant and less critical. Respect and trust are the bridge to communicate the feelings between teachers and students. Of course, teachers' love is by no means to let students go with the flow and indulge blindly, but to be strict and moderate. Teacher's love is a kind of responsibility, because love is a kind of responsibility, because love, there will be emotional voice between teachers and students; Teaching and learning are synchronized; Only in this way can there be a role exchange between teachers and students; Only in this way can teachers and students complement each other in teaching.
Second, reforming outdated teaching methods and giving students various forms of Chinese classes are an important basis for stimulating students' interest in learning.
Teaching is an art, a living art, especially Chinese teaching. Therefore, in Chinese teaching, we should make full use of artistic means to give students colorful Chinese lessons and stimulate their interest in learning. Diversified Chinese classes can be created in this way.
1) Give students an "emotional classroom"
Education is the cause of cultivating life. Whether the students spend every minute in class is painful or happy is all watched by our teacher's hand. How should our Chinese class interpret students' lives? You can try the following aspects.
1, show students a "passionate me"
In Chinese class, the key to how to embody the "humanity" of Chinese subject lies in "emotion". "Mountaineering is full of emotions, and watching the sea is full of emotions." Emotion in teaching is like a "catalyst" for bilateral activities between teaching and learning. With it, students will enter wonderful texts under the guidance of teachers. I often think: how can a teacher without passion arouse students' emotions and make them study enthusiastically? As a teacher, in every class, no matter how much pain and frustration you encounter in your life, you should adjust your emotions, dig deep into every emotional factor in the teaching materials, teaching links and teaching process, and convey your feelings and emotions about the text, life and life to students with language, eyes and actions, so as to show them a "passionate me".
2. Create a relaxed, peaceful and pleasant learning atmosphere.
"The author has a good mind, do as the Romans do, and start with relatives." In Chinese teaching, pictures, photography, slides, music, language description, action demonstration and other means are used to create and render the atmosphere, mobilize students' sensory organs and thinking organs, let them listen and recite, enter the situation described in the article and the author's thoughts and feelings, and mobilize their enthusiasm. Teachers should create a relaxed, peaceful and pleasant learning atmosphere, so that students can slowly enter wonderful texts. When teaching Mr. Lu Xun's text "Social Drama", I first let the students enjoy the song "My Grandma's Penghu Bay", and then I told a story of my childhood. Influenced by me, my classmates scrambled to tell their childhood stories in laughter, so I asked them to speak on the podium one by one. As a result, they talked about catching shrimp, fishing, stealing other people's food and how they escaped. Finally, it ends with a poem: "Childhood is a colorful dream/playing with me by the bed/childhood is a curved boat/carrying me in the ocean of knowledge/yes!" People always recall the past with romantic ideals. "Then I said," Childhood is the time we should cherish and remember most. Everyone has an unforgettable childhood. Mr. Lu Xun's childhood is very similar to everyone's childhood. "In this way, in this relaxed, peaceful and pleasant learning atmosphere, students have mastered the main content of the text, but they seem to be telling their own stories, and all students are full of interest. If we create a classroom that can open the floodgates of students' feelings, students will find Chinese class "fun".
3. Create situations to stimulate interest.
In teaching activities, teachers should create novel and interesting situations to stimulate students' interest in learning. For example, when teaching the pyramids of Egypt, the teacher first writes a word "tower" on the blackboard, and then asks: Do you know the tower? Which towers have you seen? Then the teacher took out the self-made pyramid model and asked, have you seen such a tower? Faced with this strange tower shape, the students suddenly became interested, and then the teacher motioned for the students to look at one side of it and asked: What does this shape look like? After the students said it looked like a "gold", the teacher wrote the word "gold" in front of the word "tower" on the blackboard and said, "Yes, this tower is called a pyramid. Do you know where this pyramid is? " The teacher told the students that the pyramid was in Egypt. At the same time, write "Egypt" before the word "gold" on the blackboard, and then ask: "Do you want to know the size of the pyramid? Want to know its purpose? Want to know how it was built? After learning this text, you can know all this. " This will stimulate students' curiosity in the process of gradually revealing the topic. After revealing the topic, a series of questions aroused students' interest in learning. For example, when teaching "Apologize with a humble apology", arrange students to rehearse in groups. After learning this lesson, let the students perform this little play in class to see which group performs best, which not only stimulates the students' interest, but also deepens their understanding and memory of the text. When teaching "Looking at the Moon", let the students draw the contents of the scenery at the beginning of the article. After the students draw, the teacher will make some comments appropriately, so that teaching, Chinese and art will be combined.
A good beginning is half the battle. A new lesson has a good beginning, which can concentrate students' attention, make them feel "going forward" and "ignite" students' interest in learning. This is the key link for teachers to have a good class, and the key to solve this "key" lies in the design of the lead. A good lead design is often the beginning of successful teaching. When talking about "Wolf", I asked the students to close their eyes and described such a scene to them: "The evening is getting deeper and deeper, and you are walking through the forest alone. The wind is rustling, the leaves are shaking, and a chill comes to mind, which can't help but speed up your pace. Suddenly, you find the green light flashing in front of you, accompanied by a wild animal barking, and you realize that it is a wolf's cry. You don't want to move forward. While you are still hesitating, the wolf has already appeared in front of you. " At this point, someone screamed. So I asked them to open their eyes and ask them what to do. Then I introduced the text: "A butcher also met wolves without any precautions, and it was two wolves. Which way did he choose? " This aroused the curiosity of the students, and they quickly entered the textbook. Lead-in can closely follow the content of the text, fully arouse students' enthusiasm for learning the text, and guide them to enter the new lesson with full enthusiasm.
(B) to give students a "stage class."
Some texts let students play different roles in the text, and experience the connotation of education and learn from it through understanding and participation in the roles. "Teaching is not only a kind of narration, but also an experience, exploration and feeling of students." Don't let your "telling" kill everything that belongs to students in the classroom, let them have some space to practice their feelings. When I was teaching the text "Ferry", I gave students such a "stage class", and asked five students to go to the podium and play five roles in the text: four ferrymen, 1 ferryman. They all played very seriously and devoted themselves to the five roles in the article. In particular, the students who play "Hercules" wave their fists in front of the whole class, which is exactly the same as described in the article. After class, students reported that the lesson was very interesting and the text was easy to remember. So I think Chinese teachers might as well give students a "three-foot platform" and give them a "stage classroom" for teaching.
(C) to give students a "classroom to develop intelligence."
Intelligence refers to people's ability to identify and judge objective things, including attention, observation, imagination, memory, thinking and creativity, and its core is people's thinking ability. All subjects in school education should be based on students' intelligence, and it is one of the basic laws of teaching to continuously develop students' intelligence in the teaching process. Reflected in Chinese teaching, it is mainly manifested in mobilizing students' thinking, that is, based on the content of the text, inspiring and guiding students to discuss and think about deeper problems. For example, to teach a text like Seven Matches, we should be good at using the rich emotional information sources of the text to create an emotional atmosphere, so that the emotional tree in students' hearts can "sprout branches and leaves, blossom luxuriant flowers and bear fruitful fruits". Therefore, we can design the following lead, so that students' thinking can enter the appropriate starting point and track at the beginning of teaching. "Matches can be used every day in life, which seems so insignificant. However, have you ever thought about how much light this little match has given off in the difficult years when the Red Army walked through the barren grassland? How much heat is emitted? What is its value and significance? When we studied this article, the author just grasped the match tightly, described a touching story to us and wrote a touching solemn and stirring hymn. Students will see what role matches play in this tragic hymn. " With the language full of true feelings, lay a tragic tone, strive to create a rich emotional atmosphere, and deeply touch the heartstrings of students from the emotional aspect. It is particularly emphasized here that teachers should first focus on rallying passionate emotions, take the lead in entering the scene of the text, enrich and supplement the image of the work according to their own experience, life and knowledge, and truly turn the author's feelings into their own true feelings, thus guiding students: "Stick a piece of paper into the mood and leave with emotions." This can stimulate students' satisfaction with learning and fatigue beneficial to learning Chinese after intense thinking activities. The discussion of this problem brings students into the connotation of the article, guides them to imagine, acts as the role in the article, and experiences and feels, which not only arouses students' interest, but also achieves the purpose of developing students' intelligence. Therefore, students have learned some principles of being a man. Therefore, it is necessary to give students a "classroom for developing intelligence" in Chinese teaching.
(D) Give students a "classroom of perception"
Dou Guimei, a famous special-grade teacher, once said: Students' perception ability is like a fulcrum on a lever. For human development, students' perception ability determines whether they can pry up this "earth" in the future. Feeling is not only a psychological activity, but also an emotional experience and aesthetic experience. Through emotions, you can turn other people's emotions into your own. Through perception, you can turn other people's languages into your own. Through perception, you can take other people's articles as annotations and your own life as the text. In addition, every article has something worth understanding with students, and everyone's income is different. It is necessary to guide students to keep in touch with themselves, know themselves and understand life while learning and understanding other people's wonderful chapters, and "treat other people's articles as annotations and their own lives as texts"!
(5) The combination of "language" and "text" is closely related to real life.
In traditional Chinese teaching, "language" (spoken language) is out of touch with "literature" (written language and composition), which is not conducive to the cultivation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Because any language learning, if you don't combine oral training with written language, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Conversely, get twice the result with half the effort. In the process of teaching, teachers should try to guide students to connect the knowledge in textbooks with real life, and combine "language" with "writing" to make students feel that Chinese knowledge is closely related to our daily life and is very useful, thus generating the need for knowledge and stimulating learning interest. For example, after teaching the speech "I have a dream", I asked students to give an impromptu speech on the most popular phenomenon of "super girl" among teenagers today: I think the phenomenon of super girl. Students speak boldly, speak freely, and have reasons. It is said that the success of super girl is the success of the middle line. Throughout the entertainment circle, there are only men and only women as stars. She came to Chris Lee with a "not male or female" neutral makeup, which was very creative, so she succeeded. There is also a theory that super girls are harmful. Before becoming famous, it was worthless, but after becoming famous overnight, its value doubled. Up to seven figures. It encourages young people's impetuous atmosphere, makes them dream of becoming famous overnight, develops opportunistic psychology, but lacks down-to-earth and enterprising spirit, and brings young people an egoistic mentality of unilaterally pursuing personal selfish desires and a hedonistic mentality of advocating sensory enjoyment, while the idealistic component of life thinking is greatly reduced. After the argument, ask the students to write it down. And the students understood the correct outlook on life in the debate.
Thirdly, attaching importance to extracurricular activities and developing colorful Chinese activities are effective ways to cultivate students' interest in learning.
Since Chinese is a "big language", Chinese teaching can't be confined to the classroom, and the cultivation of interest in learning Chinese can't rely solely on classroom teaching. The observation of educational psychology shows that colorful Chinese extracurricular activities conform to middle school students' positive and curious psychology, which can create various situations and conditions, stimulate learning motivation, make students interested, lively and happy, and thus effectively enhance the learning effect. Therefore, while doing a good job in Chinese classroom teaching, teachers should also skillfully design some Chinese activities with rich content and lively forms, so as to make them complement each other with the regular classroom teaching. For example, organize competitions, such as Pinyin Competition, Word Guess Competition, Calligraphy Competition, Dictionary Lookup Competition, Wrong Word Correction Competition, idioms solitaire Competition, Rhetoric Skills Competition, Couplet Poetry Competition, Literature Common Sense Competition, Chinese Basic Knowledge Competition, etc. Or carry out some other Chinese activities, such as giving a speech three minutes before class, reading newspapers for 10 minutes in the evening, and exchanging Chinese learning methods. In fact, Chinese knowledge is everywhere, and wise Chinese teachers will make full use of their extracurricular time to teach. The specific ways for students to learn Chinese are:
(1) observation
Or students pay attention to themselves; Or organize study tours; Or daily life; Or excellent film and television, let students find the bright spot, think and learn to observe.
2. Reading
Guide students to get in touch with some valuable reading materials after class, and enjoy them with the existing appreciation level, so as to get pleasure from them.
(3) Memory
That is, accumulation. Students are required to extract valuable sentences or fragments from their notebooks, form their own learning dictionaries, and browse them frequently to make them their own things, thus improving their literary literacy.
4. Thinking
Get into the habit of thinking. No matter what happens, we should analyze it from the outside to the inside, and then write it in our diary.
(5) Creation
To cultivate students' creative consciousness, we should try everything to let students learn from writers and write poems and essays. Organize a small publication in the class, publish students' works regularly, and let them taste the joy of success.
Fourthly, flexible use of multimedia teaching is an effective means to cultivate students' interest in learning.
The application of multimedia in Chinese teaching can effectively cultivate students' interest in learning, which is also a problem that Chinese teachers should pay attention to at present. First of all, students' knowledge is based on perceptual knowledge or experience, and Chinese teaching is based on thinking in images. Knowledge can be concretized and visualized through intuitive teaching. Finally, the rapid development of science and technology and information technology put forward newer and higher requirements for us. Therefore, to do a good job in Chinese teaching should start from the following aspects:
(A) pay attention to intuitive teaching
Students' mastery of knowledge is based on perceptual knowledge or experience. Making knowledge concrete and visualized through intuitive teaching can not only create conditions for students' perception, understanding and memory, but also stimulate students' interest in pursuing knowledge. The intuitive teaching in Chinese classroom teaching is mainly "model-style" intuition, which is carried out through various simulated images of actual things, including physical objects, various teaching pictures, charts, slides, teaching movies and so on. There are several pictures in front of each Chinese book. Let the students ponder these pictures in combination with the text, and they can get the effect of natural infection. In addition, teachers should often make slides and use computers to make flexible courseware to enrich the teaching content. For example, there are two texts in junior high school, one is "Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home" and the other is "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan", which are all famous works that will be told through the ages. The harmonious rhyme, beautiful artistic conception and the author's broad mind and spirit in the poem deeply infect the students. But there is a key problem here. The whole article takes snow as the background, which plays a vital role in enhancing the perception and aesthetic ability of poetry. The students in Guigang have never seen snow at all, but only get a vague understanding from TV pictures. If the students' image perception of the snow scene is not deepened at this time, even if they know the text like the back of their hand, they can't reach their taste of the inner beauty of poetry, then this class is a failure. In order to deepen students' cognition and perception of snow before class, I downloaded a lot of snow pictures from the internet, then made them into courseware and demonstrated them in class. This not only creates a good teaching situation, but also effectively mobilizes students' enthusiasm for class. After the whole class, students are still wanting more, which is an effect that traditional teaching mode can't achieve.
(B) Pay attention to information technology teaching
With the rapid development of science and technology and society, especially the sudden emergence of information technology, online education has become an important symbol of educational development. Education departments at all levels are vigorously developing the school-to-school communication project to serve modern education. Therefore, Chinese teachers should adapt to the needs of society, make full use of information technology, enrich the course content, change the old teaching mode, and let Chinese teaching go out of the narrow teaching space, towards the network and towards the society. This is conducive to students' positive learning attitude and teachers' creative teaching. However, higher requirements are put forward for teachers, that is, they should be familiar with technical teaching and change their roles, from traditional knowledge imparting and explaining to students' learning guides and learning partners.
Five, operating experiments, understanding the truth, cultivating interest.
In teaching, students are most interested in doing some experiments by themselves. In the process of doing the experiment, let the students find the problems themselves and find their own solutions. This not only cultivates their practical ability, but also cultivates their observation ability, analysis ability and comprehensive ability.
When teaching the article "Dead Sea Never Dies", the teacher can ask the students to do an experiment in their seats first: put the same egg in a glass of clear water and a glass of water with a certain amount of salt to see what happens. After the experiment, the students came to the same conclusion: eggs will sink quickly in clean water, but they will float strangely in water with certain salt. Why is this happening? At this time, teachers can easily introduce new lessons, so that students can study the text together with this question. Students can quickly find out why the Dead Sea is not the sea in the text, and they can also quickly find out the secret that eggs don't sink. In this class, the students will be in high spirits and everyone will be very happy.
Although it is impossible to stimulate the interest in Chinese learning overnight, as long as we can face up to the reality of students, start from the characteristics of Chinese education, actively explore teaching shortcuts, combine reality, dare to innovate and accumulate experience. It will surely lay a solid foundation for cultivating a new generation of qualified talents for the construction of the motherland.
Compare characteristics with association and connect life with imagination.