The other five are government procurement methods clearly stipulated in the government procurement law.
Their differences mainly lie in the way of implementation and the scope of application:
1, open tender
Public bidding projects must publish bidding information on public platforms, and qualified suppliers can participate in bidding.
Public bidding is one of the most commonly used procurement methods for government agencies, because there are many bidders and full competition, and cross-bidding and bidding are relatively difficult.
2. Invitation to bid
Invitation to bid means that the purchaser randomly invites more than three suppliers from suppliers with corresponding qualifications according to law, and invites them to participate in bidding in the form of invitation to bid.
Different from public bidding, this form of bidding does not need to issue a tender announcement and is non-public. Because the number of units invited to participate in the bidding will not be too large, the bidding cost is relatively small, the cycle is relatively short and the efficiency is high.
application area
(1) If the construction (design, goods) technology is complex or has special requirements, the number of qualified bidders is limited;
(2) Restricted by natural geographical conditions.
(3) If the cost of public bidding accounts for a large proportion of construction (design and goods).
(4) involving national security and secrets, which is not suitable for public bidding.
(five) other public bidding is not suitable according to law.
3. Competitive negotiation
It means that the purchaser negotiates prices, conditions and contract terms with at least three suppliers who meet the corresponding qualification conditions, and allows the negotiators to make a second quotation to determine the contractor's procurement method, and finally determines the procurement method of the clinched supplier.
application area
(1) After bidding, there is no supplier to bid, or it is unqualified or the re-bidding cannot be established;
(two) the technology is complex or the nature is special, and it is impossible to determine the detailed specifications;
(3) The time required for bidding cannot meet the needs of users;
(4) The total price cannot be calculated in advance.
4. Single source
In fact, it can be literally understood that single-source procurement is a non-competitive procurement method, which means that the purchaser directly negotiates and signs a contract with the sole supplier.
application area
(1) can only be purchased from a single supplier;
(2) In case of unforeseen emergency, it is impossible to purchase from other suppliers;
(3) It is necessary to ensure the consistency of the original procurement items or supporting services, and it is necessary to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of additional funds shall not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount.
Step 6 investigate
Inquiry refers to the inquiry notice sent by the inquiry team to qualified suppliers, asking the suppliers to quote the price that cannot be changed at one time, and the purchaser determines the procurement method of the suppliers from the candidates put forward by the inquiry team.
Note: unlike competitive negotiation, competitive negotiation allows a second quotation, and once the supplier quotes, it cannot be changed twice.
application area
Government procurement projects with uniform goods specifications and standards, sufficient spot supply and small price changes.