Black paint; (Japan) Japan
Main statistical data
It covers an area of 377,800 square kilometers. The population is 6.5438+26.84 million (including 3.678 million males and 3.504 million females in the age range of 6.5438+03 to 6.5438+07); 18 ~ 22 years old: 4129,000 men and 3.93 million women; 23 ~ 32 years old male 955. 30,000, female 965,438+026,5438+0,000). The gross national product is 506.4 trillion yen (2000). The defense expenditure is 4.92 18 trillion yen (the defense budget for 2000), accounting for 0.957% of the gross national product and 6.0 1% of the government's fiscal expenditure. Crude steel 94 192000 tons (1999). 3.906 million tons of raw coal (1999). Crude oil is 730 kiloliters (1999). Natural gas is 22.8 trillion cubic meters (1999). The power generation capacity is 92 106 million kwh (1999). The total output of main crops (rice and wheat) is 9.758 million tons (1999). Maritime capacity: there are 6 140 merchant ships (100 tons or more) with a gross tonnage of 16 198000 tons (1999). Civil aviation capacity, fixed flight airport 91; Passenger traffic, 79.358 billion passenger kilometers on domestic routes and 888./kloc-0.4 billion passenger kilometers on international routes; Freight volume: 893,000 tons on domestic routes and1142,380 tons on international routes (1999).
national defence policy
Japan's national defense policy is mainly to continuously strengthen the Japan-US military alliance, establish an efficient defense force, and seek to achieve the strategic goal of a political power. Its basic point of view is:
(1) Attach importance to utilizing and strengthening the Japan-US military alliance.
Japan-US military alliance is the pillar of Japan's national defense policy. Japan believes that the Japan-US military alliance is not only Japan's security guarantee, but also vital to the peace and stability of Japan's surrounding areas. To this end, Japan adopted the Joint Declaration on Japan-US Security Assurance, the New Guidelines for Japan-US Defense Cooperation and related bills, which greatly expanded the depth and breadth of cooperation with the United States in the military field, and adopted a series of measures to improve the effectiveness and reliability of the Japan-US military alliance. Such as: strengthening policy consultation and information exchange; Strengthen Japan-US joint exercises and training; Officially decided to participate in the American TMD research and development plan; Strengthen the exchange of equipment and technology between Japan and the United States; Take effective measures to ensure the smooth entry of American troops.
(2) Further break through the exclusive defense policy.
As early as the early 1980s, Japan actually broke through the policy of defending itself. Since the mid-1990s, Japan has put more emphasis on shifting from "local defense" to "keeping the enemy out of the country" and "destroying the enemy at sea". "International peacekeeping" has become the reason for sending troops overseas. Since1June 1992, the Japanese National Assembly passed the Law on Sending Troops Abroad, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces have obtained the legal basis for sending troops overseas, and by participating in peacekeeping, they have normalized and institutionalized their sending troops overseas. ② "Things around us" become an excuse for foreign interference. The new Guidelines for Defense Cooperation between Japan and the United States has changed the focus of military cooperation between the two countries from "something happened in Japan" to "something happened around", covering international arms control and disarmament, regional security dialogue, international peacekeeping, humanitarian relief and other fields. The formulation of the "new guidelines" and related bills has expanded Japan's military activity area from the Far East to the vague "surrounding areas"; The functions of the Japanese armed forces have expanded from "dedicated defense" operations to "peripheral events", which can support the US military operations; Moreover, when Japan and the United States deal with "peripheral events" by force, they do not need the authorization of the United Nations, but only need the decision of Japan and the United States. In addition, Japan's "Peripheral Affairs Law" and the new "Defense White Paper" passed in 1999 declared the right of "preemptive strike", which made Japan gradually break through the basic policy of "defending exclusively".
(3) backed by high-quality military forces.
Japan believes that only on the basis of strong economic strength, with a strong military force commensurate with the status of a political and economic power, can Japan truly be guaranteed to become a world power together with the United States and Europe. Therefore, after the end of the Cold War, Japan took a series of important measures to speed up the export-oriented development of military forces and strengthen the quality construction of military forces in the context of seeking to become a permanent member of the Security Council. Its concrete measures include: ① emphasizing the unstable factors of the international situation after the Cold War and the so-called threats faced by Japan, so as to find a reasonable excuse for developing military power; (2) gradually eliminate various factors that restrict the development of military forces and create conditions for the further development of military forces; (3) focus on the development of the navy and air force, constantly enrich the necessary functions and improve the quality to adapt to the export-oriented mission of military forces; (4) Further increase support for domestic military production and technological development, so as to meet the long-term demand for developing military forces and enhance initiative.
Military strategy
Author: yiyedu 2005-4-2616:18 reply to this statement.
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2 Japanese related information (transferred from Qianlong military)
Japan is getting rid of the shackles of the "peace constitution" and positioning its military strategy as seeking the status of a military power.
National defense system
The highest leader of Japan's national defense organization and the highest commander of the Self-Defense Force is the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, who exercises the highest command and supervision over the Self-Defense Force on behalf of the Cabinet. The Cabinet Meeting is the highest decision-making body on national defense issues, responsible for making decisions on the draft laws and budgets on national defense issues submitted to the National Assembly for deliberation, formulating relevant laws and decrees, and deciding on major policies and plans on national defense. The Security Conference is the highest deliberative body on national defense issues, and consists of the following personnel: the Minister of State, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Finance, the Chief Cabinet Secretary, the Chairman of the National Public Security Committee and the Director of the Defense Agency, who are appointed in advance according to Article 9 of the Cabinet Law and chaired by the Prime Minister. When the chairman deems it necessary, he may allow the relevant ministers of state, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and other relevant personnel to attend the meeting as nonvoting delegates and state their opinions. The responsibility of the security meeting is to consider important matters related to national defense and deal with important issues of major emergencies. The Defense Agency is an administrative organ dealing with national defense affairs under the leadership of the Prime Minister of the Cabinet. Its task is to "manage and command the Army, Navy and Air Self-Defense Forces and handle related affairs". The Defense Agency is directly under the Cabinet Office, and the Chief of the Defense Agency is the Minister of State appointed by the Prime Minister of the Cabinet. Under the command and supervision of the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, he leads the work and manages the business of the Defense Agency, and commands the Self-Defense Force through the Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a university staff body to assist the director of the Defense Agency. Its main task is to unify and coordinate the use of the army, navy and air self-defense forces. Duties are: to formulate contract operation plans, contract logistics plans and contract training plans, coordinate the command orders of the Self-Defense Forces' military operations, assist the Chief of the Defense Agency in commanding the operations of synthetic forces of more than two services, collect intelligence, conduct investigation and study, and other matters assigned by the Chief of the Defense Agency. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the most senior and highest-ranking soldier in the Self-Defense Forces, who presides over and leads the work of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Japan's armed forces are composed of active troops, civilian personnel serving in military departments and reserve forces. Regular troops are divided into land self-defense forces, maritime self-defense forces and air self-defense forces.
Operational command system
The Prime Minister of the Cabinet is the supreme commander of the Army, Navy and Air Self-Defense Force. The Defense Agency is the functional organ of the Cabinet Prime Minister who directs the Army, Navy and Air Self-Defense Forces. Under the guidance and supervision of the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, the Chief of the Defense Agency unified leadership and command of the Army, Navy and Air Force Self-Defense Forces. The Army, Navy and Air Force Self-Defense Forces have their own staff headquarters, which is the staff room of the chief of the Defense Agency and the command and management organ of the Self-Defense Forces, and is responsible for formulating their own operational plans, education and training plans, preparation, equipment, logistics support, intelligence collection, health care, personnel and other plans. It is not only the staff body of the chief of the defense agency, but also the executive body for managing and using the Self-Defense Forces. The Chief of the Defense Agency exercises leadership and command over the Army, Navy and Air Force Self-Defense Forces through the Chief of Staff of the Self-Defense Forces. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff assisted the Chief of the Defense Agency in coordinating the use of the Self-Defense Forces.
Main character
Junichiro Koizumi, Prime Minister of the Cabinet and Supreme Commander of the Self-Defense Forces (elected on April 26th, 2000/KLOC-0). Zhong Guzheng, Minister of State and Director of the Defense Agency (took office on April 26th, 20001). General Tetsuo Takeno, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (took office on March 27th, 2000/KLOC-0). General Masahiro Nakatani, Chief of Staff of the Ground Self-Defense Force (took office in October 200615438+0 1). General Ishikawa Heng, Chief of Staff of Maritime Self-Defense Force (took office on March 27th, 20001). General Zhu Yuanyufu, Chief of Staff of Air Self-Defense Force (took office on March 27th, 20065438+0).
armed forces
The number of active troops is 260,730 (including the Joint Chiefs of Staff 16 12), and the actual number is 236,368 (including the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1379, as of the end of March 1999).
Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force
There are167383,000 personnel, but there are 145928 personnel. Organized into five military regions, 1 1 infantry division, 1 armored division, 1 infantry brigade, 2 mixed brigades, 1 airborne brigade, 1 artillery brigade, 5 engineering brigades and 8 air defense missile regiments. By the end of March, 1999 and * * were equipped with 1090 tanks (Type 90 and Type 74), 765438 armored vehicles, 640 self-propelled guns, 6240 guns of various types and 502 aircraft of various types.
Maritime self-defense force
The personnel establishment is 458 1200, and there are actually 43,838 soldiers. There are 1 joint fleet, 1 escort fleet, 1 aviation group, 1 submarine fleet and five local teams. By the end of September, 1999, * * was equipped with various warships 140, with a total tonnage of about 358,000 tons, including 53 destroyers and frigates183,000 tons, 39,000 tons of submarines 16 ships and 27,000 tons of minesweepers. 2 15 various types of aircraft.
Author: yiyedu 2005-4-2616:18 reply to this statement.
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3 Japanese data (transferred from Qianlong military)
Air Self-Defense Force (Japan)
There are 47,266 personnel and 45,223 soldiers. There are 1 aviation corps, 3 aviation corps (each with 2 combat aviation corps), 1 aviation mixed regiment and 6 air defense missile regiments; 1 aviation support group; 1 aviation education group (including 2 training aviation groups and 3 flight education groups); 1 aviation development experimental group. By the end of March 1999, * * was equipped with 498 combat aircraft of various types, including 358 fighters, 26 reconnaissance planes, 7 early warning aircraft and 59 transport planes.
civilian personnel
213.77 million people
reserve
There are 47,900 ordinary reserves, including 46,000 land self-defense forces, 800 maritime self-defense forces 1 100, and 800 air self-defense forces. The rapid response reserve is 4372 (Ground Self-Defense Force).
deploy
The General Staff of the Ground Self-Defense Force is stationed in Tokyo. The defense zone under the jurisdiction of the Northern Military Region is Hokkaido, with its headquarters in Sapporo. It has three infantry divisions, 1 armored division, 1 artillery brigade, 1 air defense missile brigade and 1 engineering brigade.
The defense zone under the jurisdiction of the Northeast Military Region is in the northeast of Honshu, with its headquarters in Sendai. It has two infantry divisions, 1 artillery group, 1 air defense missile group and 1 engineering brigade.
The defense zone under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Military Region is in the central part of Honshu, with its headquarters in Tokyo. It has two infantry divisions, 1 airborne brigade, 1 air defense missile regiment and 1 engineering brigade.
The defense zone under the jurisdiction of the Central Military Region is in the southwest of Honshu, with its headquarters in Yidan. It has two infantry divisions, 1 infantry brigade, 1 Huncheng brigade, 1 air defense missile regiment and 1 engineering brigade.
The defense zones under the jurisdiction of the Western Military Region are in Kyushu and Okinawa, and the headquarters is in Kumamoto. It has two infantry divisions, 1 Huncheng brigade, 1 air defense missile brigade, 1 artillery brigade and 1 second soldier brigade.
The 1 helicopter brigade under the direct jurisdiction of the Chief of the Defense Agency is stationed in Kisarazu. Supply control headquarters and communication brigade are located in Tokyo.
The General Staff of Maritime Self-Defense Forces is located in Tokyo, and it is divided into five garrison areas: Yokosuga, Wu, sasebo, Maihe and Dazhu. Yokosuga Garrison's Yokosuga base consists of Self-Defense Force Fleet, Defense Fleet and Submarine Fleet Headquarters, 1 Escort Group, 2nd Submarine Team Group, Mine Clearance Team Group, Development Guidance Team Group, Intelligence Service Team Group, Marine Service Team Group and Yokosuga Local Team. The headquarters of Aviation Group is located in Ayase City. The headquarters of Education Aviation Group is located in Nomamachi, Dongge Decoration County, Chiba Prefecture. The 4th Guard Corps, 1 Submarine Corps, Training Fleet Command and Wu Local Team are stationed at Wu Base of Wu Garrison. The Second Guard Corps and the sasebo local team are stationed at the sasebo base of the sasebo Guard. Wuhe Garrison has the third escort formation and the local team of Wuhe base. The state guard has a local team at the state base. The supply headquarters and central communication team are located in Tokyo.
The General Staff of the Air Self-Defense Force in Tokyo. Northern air defense zone: Chitose has deployed the 2nd Air Corps, 3rd Air Corps and 3rd Air Defense Missile Group; Misawa deployed the Northern Air Force Command, the Northern Aviation Alert Control Regiment and the 6th Air Defense Missile Regiment. Central air defense zone: Komatsu and Nana Ogawa-CHO in Ibaraki Prefecture deployed the 6th and 7th air regiments respectively; The fourth air defense missile group is deployed in the original city; 1 the air defense missile group, the central aviation alert control group and the central aviation unit command are deployed in the narrow mountain city. Western air defense zone: The 5th and 8th air regiments are respectively deployed in Xinfu Town, Ertang County, Miyazaki Prefecture and Zhutian Town, Zhushang County, Fukushima Prefecture; The 2nd Air Defense Missile Group, the Western Aviation Alert Control Group and the Western Aviation Team Command are deployed in Chunri City. Southwest air defense zone: Naha City, Okinawa Island has the Southwest Airlines Mixed Regiment Command, and the 83rd Air Force, the 5th Air Defense Missile Group and the Southwest Aviation Alert Control Team are deployed.
Aviation Corps and Aviation Support Group are headquartered in Fuzhong City. The headquarters of Aviation Education Group and Aviation Development Experiment Group are located in Hamamatsu City and Shanshi City respectively. The supply headquarters is located in Tokyo.
Military service system
Japan implements voluntary military service system, also known as conscription system. The tenure system is implemented below the first-class soldiers (including): 2 years for the ground self-defense forces (3 years for professional and technical soldiers) and 3 years for the maritime and air self-defense forces. After the expiration of the term of office, according to my wishes, I can continue to extend my term of office for 2 years after passing the examination; Non-commissioned officers and officers are professional soldiers, and the retirement system is implemented. The retirement ages at all levels are: general 60 (chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 62), colonel 56, lieutenant colonel and major 55, captain to sergeant 54, and sergeant below 53. For soldiers below colonel who are engaged in medical and music professions, their retirement age is appropriately extended, up to 60 years old.
A rank/rank
The ranks of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces are divided into six grades, namely 18: general 3 (general, lieutenant general and major general), school officer 3 (colonel, lieutenant colonel and major), junior officer 3 (captain, lieutenant and second lieutenant), warrant officer 1, and sergeant 4 (master sergeant, staff sergeant, noncommissioned officer and sergeant).
Foreign garrison
At present, the United States has about 39 1 in Japan, including army 1 800, navy 6700, marine corps 1 600 and air force 1 400.
The Army’s Day
Self-Defense Forces Day 1 65438+1October1
Information provided: World Military Yearbook 200 1.