Famous Palace Buildings in Tang Dynasty

There were three groups of palaces in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, namely Taiji Palace in the west, Daming Palace in the east and Xingqing Palace in the south, among which Xingqing Palace was built late, which will be introduced later. In the early stage, there were many detached palaces outside Chang 'an and Luoyang, some of which were more important, and many important historical events took place there, so it is necessary to briefly introduce them. & gt 1. The Taiji Palace in the west of Taiji Palace is a huge palace group built during the construction of Daxing City during the Sui Wendi period, which was then called Daxing Palace. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Daxing City was changed to Chang 'an and Daxing Palace to Taiji Palace, which became the political center of the Tang Dynasty. In order to introduce Taiji Palace more clearly, it is necessary to introduce the basic layout of Chang 'an City: Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was divided into Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer Guo Cheng. Besides Taiji Palace, Miyagi also includes Ye Ting Palace and Oriental Palace. The former is located in the west of Taiji Palace, and the latter is located in the east, where concubines and princes live respectively. Miyagi is located in the northernmost part of Chang 'an, backed by Gaopo Dragon Head Hospital from west to east outside Chang 'an, and the imperial city is in the south of Miyagi. The imperial city is the seat of the organs and the administrative center of the Tang Dynasty. Outside the imperial city is Guo Cheng, and Fang Shi, officials and people all live in Guo Cheng. Outside Guo Cheng, Imperial City and Miyagi, there are tall rammed earth walls, which are very majestic. & gt The archaeological survey of Taiji Palace is 2820.2 meters long from east to west and 1843.6 meters long from north to south. There are five doors in the south, and the middle door is called Chengtianmen (located on the south wall of Anlianhu Park in Xi 'an, Shaanxi). The east-west intersection between the city gate and the imperial city is more than 300 steps wide. It is the widest street in Chang 'an, and it is actually a square. Chengtianmen is the place where the "foreign court" is held. Every national ceremony, such as changing Yuan, amnesty, New Year's Day, winter solstice, military parade, prisoners, etc. The emperor boarded Chengtianmen to hold a ceremony. The front hall of Taiji Palace is called Taijitang, where the "China-DPRK" is held, and the monthly Wang Shuochao is held here. The Hall of Two Instruments in the north of Taijitang is the place where the "Imperial Palace" is held, and "always listen to the court to see what is going on" (Volume 7 History of the Ministry of Industry in Six Codes of the Tang Dynasty). Including these two halls, there are sixteen halls in Taiji Palace, which are located on the central axis. In addition to these two halls, there are Ganlu Hall and Yanjia Hall. On both sides of these four halls are Wude Hall, Chengqing Hall, Anren Hall, Zhaoqing Hall and many other buildings. The famous Lingyan Pavilion, which displays portraits of heroes, is also in Taiji Palace. The north gate of Taiji Palace is Xuanwu Gate, which is heavily guarded by soldiers. The so-called "Xuanwu Gate Change" happened here. & gt Outside Xuanwu Gate is the West Inner Courtyard, surrounded by a courtyard wall and guarded by imperial troops, which can protect the safety of Miyagi from the north. The Imperial City, opposite Chengtianmen Street, has no wall in the north and a tall wall in the south of Miyagi. Standing on the wall of Miyagi, you can overlook everything in the imperial city. The wide Chengtianmen Street is actually a clearing with a width of more than a stone's throw. This design is of great significance to ensure the safety of the south of Miyagi. > This architectural layout of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty formed the pattern of a city within a city. Taiji Palace is located in the center of Chang 'an City, which not only embodies the supreme position of the emperor, but also contributes to the safety of the palace. This architectural pattern has had a wide impact on the planning of Beijing in later generations. & gt 2. Daming Palace Daming Palace was originally the Summer Palace built for his father in the eighth year of Zhenguan (634). At that time, it was called Yong 'an Palace. Before it was completely built, Li Yuan died. It is located on the dragon head in the north of Chang 'an, that is, in the forbidden garden in the northeast corner of Chang 'an, and its south wall is the north wall of Guo Cheng, just like Chang 'an suddenly grows a head. In the second year of Longshuo (662), Tang Gaozong expanded on a large scale. The following year, Emperor Gaozong moved to Daming Palace to deal with state affairs. Since then, all the emperors of the Tang Dynasty have lived here except Taiji Palace and Daming Palace. & gt Daming Palace is located in Longshouyuan, more than one kilometer east of Xi Railway Station in Shaanxi Province. It is measured that the west wall of Gongcheng is 2256m long, the north wall is1135m long, the south wall is1674m long and the east wall is 2614m long, which is slightly wedge-shaped. Like Taiji Palace, there are five gates in the south wall of Daming Palace. The main entrance in the middle is called Danfengmen, and Danfengmen Street is 120 steps wide. Danfengmen is similar to Chengtianmen. Every major event, such as changing the Yuan Dynasty, amnesty and offering sacrifices to prisoners, was presided over by the emperor. & gt The main hall of Daming Palace is Hanyuan Hall, which is located on the same axis as Danfengmen, Zhengxuan Hall and Chenzi Hall, and constitutes the main building of Daming Palace. There is the measured map of Daming Palace, the site of Hanyuan Temple, showing the incense sticks and Qifeng Pavilion. The archaeological survey of its rammed earth platform foundation is more than three meters high, 75.9 meters long from east to west and 42.3 meters wide from north to south. Wei Long Road forms sloping steps on the left and right sides, leading directly from the ground to the main hall. Hanyuan Temple was the place where the "foreign dynasty" was held, and it was also the most magnificent building in Chang 'an at that time. Very spectacular. Standing in front of Hanyuan Temple, Zhongnanshan is clearly visible, and Chang 'an Avenue is in sight. Although there are no buildings on the ground now, standing on the ruins of its palace, you can still experience the sight of climbing high and looking far that day. & gt The Zheng Xuan Hall behind the Han and Yuan Dynasties is the place where the emperor held the "Chinese Dynasty", and the Chen Zi Hall behind it is the place where the "Chinese Dynasty" was held. Yan Ying Hall in the northwest of Chenziting is the place where the emperor summoned the prime minister to discuss politics, which was formed in the system of "extending Britain to call the right" and played an increasingly important role in the political life of the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The famous Linde Temple complex was built in Linde, Tang Gaozong (664-666). The front, middle and back halls are connected, and the middle hall is the main hall surrounded by cloisters, which is symmetrical with Dongting, Xiting, Yuyi and adjacent buildings, creating a new style of ancient architectural art in China. Archaeological survey shows that the temple site is more than 70 meters wide from east to west and 130 meters long from north to south, which is very large. This is the place where the emperor summoned foreign envoys and held grand banquets. & gt In addition to the main buildings mentioned above, the main halls in Daming Palace are Penglai Hall, Hanliang Hall and Xuanwu Hall on the central axis, and there are Zhu Jing Hall, Qingsi Hall, Taihe Hall, Lingqi Hall, Bathing Hall, Xuanhui Hall, Zilan Hall, Ice Hall, Chengxiang Hall, Dafu Hall, Huiqing Hall and Jinluan Hall on the east and west sides. Because Daming Palace is located in the east of Taiji Palace, it is also called Dongnei. There is also a Taiye pool in Daming Palace, which is located on the central axis, in the middle between the north of Hanliang Hall and the south of Xuanwu Hall. It is a large-scale royal garden pool in Chang 'an. In recent years, the archaeological team excavated a site with an area of more than 2,800 square meters in the south bank of Taiye Pool, revealing the pool shore site in the middle of the south bank. The bank slope is steep and uneven, and the coastline is curved. There are railings, water corridors and water pavilions on the bank of the pool, which initially reveals to the world the magnificent momentum of connecting corridors and pavilions and vast waters around Taiye Pool. At present, we can't fully understand the true face of Daming Palace. I believe that with the development of archaeology, more mysteries will be uncovered, and it won't be long before we can fully understand the whole picture of Daming Palace. & gt III. Leaving the Palace and the Museum > Like emperors of other dynasties, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty built many farewell halls in various places, mainly around Chang 'an and Luoyang. These detached palaces vary in scale, some are rebuilt on the basis of previous detached palaces, some are expanded on the basis of Li's old residence, and of course some are newly built. Details are as follows: > Yue Long Palace is located in Li Guan Village, west of Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province. This is the former residence of Li Yuan, the father of Li Yuan, and the birthplace of Li Yuan, so Li Yuan changed its name to Gong in the sixth year of Wude (623). In seven or eight years of Wude, Li Yuan visited Yue Long Palace twice. Tang Dezong changed the concept of truth, respected the truth of Gaozu, and abandoned it when using the back beam. Castle Peak Palace, located on the bank of Weihe River in the south of Wugong County, Shaanxi Province 18, has long been washed into a riverbed due to the erosion of Weihe River. According to the Records of Chang 'an, Li Yuan of Tang Gaozu had three residences in Wugong * * *. Only Qingshan Palace was the former residence of Gaozu and the birthplace of Emperor Taizong, so it was called Wugong Palace in the first year of Wude (6 18). It was renamed Qingshan Palace in six years and changed to Buddhist Temple after the other two places, namely Cost Temple and Baoyi Temple. In the seventh year of Wude, Gaozu visited Castle Peak Palace and stayed for six days. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), he led hundreds of civil and military officials to visit the Castle Peak Palace and held a grand banquet for ministers and old staff. Emperor Taizong improvised a poem, ordered Lang Lv Cai to compose music, named it "Celebrating Happiness after Success", and ordered sixty-four boys to dance to praise the merits of Emperor Taizong. Since then, Emperor Taizong has visited Castle Peak Palace many times and expanded it. Later, in memory of his mother, Li Shimin changed Castle Peak Palace to Cide Temple. The exact time is unknown. & gt Yi Tong Palace is located in Yi Tong Square, west of Zhuque West Street in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. This used to be the former residence of Li Yuan in Chang 'an. In the sixth year of Wude (623), it was renamed Yi Tong Palace. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong wrote to change the temple. Jiuchenggong is located in linyou county New Town, Shaanxi Province. According to records, Jiucheng Palace in Tang Dynasty was originally Sui Renshou Palace, which was built in the 13th year of Emperor Wen (593) and supervised by Prime Minister Su Yang. Because Renshou Palace is located in the mountainous area, with rugged roads and huge projects, thousands of migrant workers died of fatigue. Therefore, Wendi was very angry, but because he loved this divorce very much, Wendi not only didn't punish Su Yang, but rewarded a lot of money. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was quickly conquered by the gorgeous architecture and beautiful scenery of Renshou Palace, and changed the title of "Huang Kai" to "Renshou". In the second year of Renshou (602), Queen Dugu first died in Renshou Palace. In the fourth year of Renshou, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty also died in Renshou Palace. At the beginning of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong suffered from constant overwork because of the war between the north and the south. His ministers suggested building this independent palace for the summer. Emperor Taizong decided to take Sui Renshou Palace as the blueprint for renovation and renamed it Jiucheng Palace. From the sixth year of Zhenguan (632) to the eighteenth year (644), Emperor Taizong went to Jiucheng Palace for the summer five times. The natural scenery of this royal garden and the ingenious design of man-made buildings attracted many literati and poets in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Shangyin both visited Jiucheng Palace and left many poems. Li Sixun, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, once painted a fan picture of Jiucheng Palace, and his son Li Zhaodao also painted a picture of Jiucheng Palace. As for the inscription of Liquan in Jiucheng Palace, it is well-known at home and abroad. It is the representative work of Ou Yangxun, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the master of regular script. Therefore, Jiucheng Palace had a great influence at that time and later generations. In the second year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong (65 1), it was changed to Wannian Palace. Ganxi two years (667), and restored the old name. & gt Yuhua Palace is located between the northern hills of Yuhua Village, Jinsuo Township, northern Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, about 40 kilometers south of Tongchuan City. It was built in the seventh year of Wude, Tang Gaozu (624), when it was named Renzhi Palace. Renzhi Palace is a holiday resort integrating summer vacation, leisure and hunting. In the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), Emperor Taizong ordered the construction of Yuhua Palace, with Renzhi Palace in Fenghuang Valley as the main body, connecting Lan Zhi Valley in the northwest and Coral Valley in the northeast into a grand palace with exquisite stone bridges and corridors. There are six well-documented palace names, namely Yuhua Hall (main hall), Paiyun Hall in the north, Qingyun Hall in the north, Qingfu Hall, Huihe Hall (the palace where the prince lived) and Sioux City Hall (later renamed Sioux City Hall). There is also a guild hall in Coral Valley northeast of Phoenix Valley. In the east and west valleys of the whole Yuhua Mountain, there are nine towering palaces and five tall and gorgeous palace gates, with bridges and corridors in the middle, which are called Yuhua Palace. Because the summer here is better than Jiucheng Palace, and it is close to Chang 'an, Emperor Taizong in his later years often used this place as the best choice for summer vacation. Tang Gaozong believed in Buddhism. In the second year of Yonghui (65 1), Yuhua Palace was changed into a temple. In 659, the famous monk asked for a quiet place to translate Buddhist scriptures, and Emperor Gaozong invited him to live in Yuhua Temple to be responsible for translation. With the arrival of Xuanzang monks, Yuhua Temple has truly become a Buddhist holy land. According to archaeological discoveries and research results in recent years, the place where Xuanzang translated the scriptures was the main hall of the old Yuhua Palace-Yuhua Hall. Surrounded by pine trees, it is extremely quiet here. It took three years for Xuanzang of Yuhua Temple to translate the Prajna Sutra from the first day of the first month in the fifth year of Xianqing (660) to the 23rd day of the winter month in the third year of Longshuo (663). Soon, Xuanzang died in Yuhua Palace, and then the monks left one after another. Since then, Yuhua Palace has been deserted. & gt Cuiwei Palace, located in Huangyusi Village, Chang 'an District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the depths of Qinling Mountains. Cuiwei Palace, formerly known as Taihe Palace, was built in 625, Wude, Tang Gaozu. In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan (647), Taizong rebuilt Taihe Palace and changed its name to Cuiwei Palace. Yuanhe Palace in Tang Xianzong was abandoned as a temple, and it was renamed Yongqing Temple in the third year of Taiping Xingguo in Song Taizong (978) and rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Now, except for the ruins and broken towers, the ground buildings have disappeared. The location of Cuiwei Palace is1300m above sea level, which is 900m higher than Xi 'an. Coupled with the influence of vegetation, topography and seasons, the annual average temperature here is about 6℃ lower than that in Xi 'an, which is the fundamental reason why Gaozu and Taizong built the Summer Palace here. There is no textual research on the palace architecture of Cuiwei Palace, only the names of Cuiwei Palace and Hanfeng Palace are known. In the last three years of Emperor Taizong's life, he spent two summers in Cuiwei Palace and finally died here. As mentioned above, Tang Xianzong Yuanhe changed the Cuiwei Palace into a Buddhist temple, and some scholars believe that the temple should be changed in the late Tianbao period of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty or during the reign of Tang Suzong. & gt Huaqing Palace is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong District, 30 kilometers east of Xi, Shaanxi Province. Huaqing Palace was named after the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, but it has a long history as a son of heaven leaving the palace and was used as a tourist attraction as early as the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The construction of the separation palace centered on hot spring soup began in the reign. If the construction of the palace initially laid the foundation for the separation between the royal family and the palace, then the large-scale expansion at that time made it one of the most important separations from the palace in eastern Chang 'an. Since then, it has been built here for generations, thus making the utilization of Lishan hot spring reach a new stage. In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan (644), Emperor Taizong ordered Yan Lide to build Lishan Palace, which was named Tangquan Palace. In the third year of Tang Gaozong Xianheng (672), it was renamed Hot Spring Palace. In the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (747), it was officially named Huaqing Palace, which means "the hot springs are surging, the waves are rolling, and Huaqing evil is hard to get old". Tang Chi in the palace is also called Huaqing Pool, and its name is still in use today. & gt Huaqing Palace in the Tang Dynasty made full use of the local terrain, making it a huge palace complex with strict structure and grandeur. The main temples and houses are centered on hot springs, which are arranged on the alluvial fans in front of the mountain, forming the core of Huaqing Palace. Then spread out to the mountain and the foot of the mountain, and use the characteristics of the Ruins of Guifei Hall in the Qing Pool of Dihua to lay out pavilions of different types and uses. There are pines and cypresses all over the mountain, and there are Lan Zhi Valley, Litchi Garden, Furong Garden, Pear Garden, Jiaoyuan Garden and Dongyuan Garden under the mountain, which are full of vitality everywhere. Buildings are lined with mountains and rivers, surrounding the city of Errol. The main buildings are left and right Hong Wen Pavilion, left and right Tang Chao, left and right Wujiang Hall, back hall, front hall, Ursa Ursa, Feishuang Hall, Changsheng Hall, Jade Maiden Hall, Seven Halls, Gongde Academy, Feather Curtain and Tan Yao. Feishuang Hall is the place where Xuanzong stayed, and to the south is Yutang Jiulong Hall. Jiulong soup is also called lotus soup, and the northwest of lotus soup is bath soup, also called Haitang soup. Tang Chi is made of stone and looks like a blooming begonia flower. Yang Guifei bathed here for a long time, and later generations simply called it Guifei Pool. Xuanzong was lucky in Huaqing Palace almost every October and returned to Chang 'an at the end of the year. During the forty-one years from the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14) to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), he went to Huaqing Palace more than thirty times, even twice a year. Therefore, it can be said that the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous period of Huaqing Palace. & gt After the Anshi Rebellion, due to the unstable political situation, although some emperors went there occasionally, the frequency was very limited, which gradually calmed the Huaqing Palace. Huaqing Palace, on the other hand, lost its former prosperity, and the temple was not repaired in time. Not only that, man-made destruction is inevitable. For example, in Tang Daizong, Yu Chaoen, the great eunuch, demolished the pavilions of Huaqing Palace in order to build the Zhangjing Temple. In the post-Jin period, it was changed to Lingquan view and given to Taoist priests. We arrived and the village was in ruins. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was repaired to a certain extent, and now Huaqingchi basically retains the basic pattern of the early Qing Dynasty. & gt Fengtian Palace, built in the first year of Yongchun, Tang Gaozong (682), is located in Shan Zhinan of the Northern Song Dynasty in Songyang County, and it is impossible to verify it. After its completion, Emperor Gaozong lived here twice. In December of the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong died and wrote a letter to abolish Fengtian Palace. The following year, in February of the first year of civilization (684), it was changed to Songyangguan. Sanyang Palace, built in November of the third year of the solar calendar (700), is located in Shilin Mountain, Gaocheng Town, southeast of Dengfeng City, Henan Province. Wu Zetian has lived here several times and visited the rocky mountain with ministers. On the boulders on both sides of Shicong River, there are two cliff stone carvings engraved with poems, which record the grand occasion of banquet poems at that time. This is the only remaining relic of Sanyang Palace. In the first month of the fourth year of Chang 'an (704), Sanyang Palace was destroyed, and its wood was used to build Xingtai Palace. & gt Xingtai Palace, located on Wan 'an Mountain, 40 miles southwest of Shou 'an County, Luozhou, still has its ruins in Xizhaobao Village, Zhaobao Township, Yiyang County, Henan Province. Xingtai Palace was built in Chang 'an for four years, and it still existed until the late Kaiyuan period of Tang Xuanzong, who once lived here. & gt Xiangcheng Palace was built in 640, located in Gaoming Mountain, Linru County, Ruzhou, but its site has not been discovered. In March of the following year after the completion of this palace, Taizong was fortunate to be here. Because the palace was hot and there were many local poisonous snakes, Emperor Taizong ordered the palace to be abolished. So Xiangcheng Palace only existed for half a year. & gt In addition, in Chang 'an and Luoyang, the Tang emperors built many detached palaces, such as Qiongyue Palace and Jincheng Palace in Huayin, Shentai Palace in Zhengxian County, Gui Fang Palace in Mianchi, Fuchang Palace in Fuchang, Qixian Palace and Lanfeng Palace in Yongning, so I won't go into details one by one.