Among the trio, the piano trio is the most commonly used, namely a violin, a cello and a piano. The string trio consists of violin, plow and cello. Others, woodwinds or brass pipes can also be accompanied by trio or piano, but rarely.
Among the quartets, string quartets are the most popular, namely the first violin, the second violin, the viola and the cello. If it is played by violin, viola, cello or piano, it is called "piano quartet". Others include woodwind quartets, brass quartets, orchestral and stringed instruments. Quartet music mostly adopts sonata form of four movements. 17, 18 centuries ago, many European composers created a large number of quartets, some with dramatic factors and some with singing factors, with different styles, especially Beethoven, who added some techniques to the symphony and enriched the expression forms of quartets (such as string quartets in C major).
Among the quintets, the piano quintet is the most popular, namely, two violins, a viola, a cello and a piano. The string quintet uses two violins, two violas and a cello (a viola and two cellos can also be used). There are other woodwind or brass quintets, usually with one or two stringed instruments such as violin or piano. The music of quintet mostly appears in the form of sonata suite, which contains four movements. In China, in the early 1970s, Professor Hu Dengtiao advocated the use of "Sixian Quintet" and composed more than 30 songs, which were quite distinctive. He mainly plays plucked instruments with China characteristics, such as, pipa, Ruan and Zheng.
A sextet usually consists of six different musical instruments. In modern times, this form of ensemble is rare.
Septets are rarely used in modern times.
Octets are rarely used in modern times.
Although some chamber music plays "sketches", most of them are written in the form of sonata suites. There are usually four independent and related movements: one is the rapid sonata form; Second, slow romance or change; The third is a minuet in the middle, or a fast scherzo; Sonata for Allegro or Rondo.
Chamber music usually has no conductor, or is led by the first violin, signaling at the beginning and turning point. With the tacit cooperation between the players, the feelings and artistic conception of music can also be fully exerted. Therefore, the player's skill level and musical accomplishment should be quite exquisite.
In the performance of China's national music, there are also some musical instruments playing wrongly, or a vocal string is inserted, which is called "several ensembles", which is inappropriate. If several different musical instruments play multi-part music with different parts, it should be called "ensemble".
8) Oratorio is also called "oratorio". Large vocal divertimento. It consists of several songs of different genres, forms and tastes. (such as chorus, chorus, solo, duet, duet, rotation, etc.). , can be accompanied by orchestral music or supplemented by "interlude". In China, recitation strings are inserted between songs instead of bands. The content of lyrics and songs is narrative, lyrical, humorous, heroic and eulogizing. Generally speaking, the specific content is expressed one by one from different aspects within the same subject matter. In the17th century, classical oratorios were similar to oratorios (divine dramas, sacred dramas). In China, it is called "Chorus" (Xi Xinghai Yellow River Chorus used this name for the first time, before Huang Zi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, but it is still called "oratorio").
9) The sonata suite is an instrumental suite with multiple movements. Solo with one instrument (such as piano) or ensemble with other solo instruments. General: the first movement (Allegro), sonata form; The second movement (adagio), variation form, or complex three-part form, or more free sonata form; The third movement is a minuet, or scherzo, which has a complicated three-part form; The fourth movement (Allegro or Allegro), played in the form of blare or Rondo.
Modern composers have made breakthroughs in the form of sonata suites, such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Hindemich, Shostakovich and Bartok. , all have their own creations, and some are called "Free Sonata Suite".
Orchestral music is a form of band combination. Bands can be large or small, including incomplete bands, collectively known as orchestral music. A complete orchestra, according to the customary order of arranging music scores, has the following instruments: (the number of each instrument depends on the needs of music)
Woodwind group: piccolo, flute, oboe, English pipe, clarinet, bass clarinet, bassoon, bassoon, etc.
Copper tube set: horn, trumpet, trombone, large, etc. (Some even added alto and tenor).
Percussion instrument group: timpani, drum, gong, cymbal, triangle iron or others.
Characteristic musical instruments: Zhong Qin, xylophone, piano, harp, etc. Choose one or two as needed.
String group: the first violin group, the second violin group, the viola group, the cello group and the double cello group, with several or dozens of people in each group. But there is a certain proportion.
Due to the huge scale of the band, there is also a conductor, and the deputy conductor is usually the chief violin.
For example, a complete large orchestra can play symphonies and concertos, so it is also called "symphony orchestra". But some orchestral instruments and arrangements are also large and complete, but they are not called symphonies, but orchestral music. The main difference is that although it is played by a large and complete orchestra, the structure of the music is not a symphony, so it is still called an orchestra.
Orchestral music has a large capacity, which can play short musical sketches, symphonies and large suites, as well as all the music of operas and ballets.
1 1) Symphony What is a symphony? This is a difficult term to define. It should be said that it is a collection of various musical styles (sonata, Rondo, Variations, etc. ), a collection of various music genres (such as minuets, waltzes, mambas, harmonic filters, etc.). ), a collection of various musical expressions (ensemble, duet, solo, etc.). ), a collection of various musical instruments with layered timbre (compiled by large orchestras), and can also be integrated with solos and operas. Unite organically to express and express people's deepest and most complicated thoughts, feelings and ideals, some of which are philosophical, so that listeners can think through their voices. It should be said that symphony is an advanced art form that human beings have reached the peak in the field of music. It is a symbol of a country's civilization. However, it is not the form of symphony that will be of high quality, but depends on the ideological and artistic quality of the work itself, the proficiency of using skills, and the level of conductor and band performance. .
The earliest symphony had only three movements; Musical instruments are also similar to "chamber music", called "grand concerto", or "piano concerto" and "violin concerto"; Some are like overtures to operas. But they are all called "having fun" because of the inevitable phenomenon in the initial stage of development. /kloc-Around the 0/9th century, there was basically a unified understanding of symphony. This is a four-movement suite played by a large orchestra. But not all, there are more or less than four movements. For example, Berlioz has five movements, Mahler has six movements, sibelius has only one movement, Sang Sang has two movements and Frank has three movements. As for symphonies with chorus, since Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, composers such as Liszt, Mahler, holst and MacDonald have all joined chorus in the symphony. So far, the form of symphony is still developing.
Concerto12)1Simple Concerto came out in the 6th century, and modern solo concerto became popular in the 8th century. It is played by solo instruments (violin or piano, viola, cello or woodwind, brass, etc.). ) and the orchestra. The two are equal, regardless of their primary and secondary status, and when they are in harmony, when they are in progress, when they are out, and when they are in harmony. Concerto generally consists of three movements: the first movement is a rapid sonata; The second movement is slow romance, or variation; The third movement is sharp Rondo or something. In each movement, you can insert a solo with higher skills, or you can insert a solo with the deepest feelings (there are also dazzling skills).
In addition, the combination of two solo instruments and orchestral music is called "compound concerto"; A variety of solo instrument groups and orchestral music play together, which is called "Grand Concerto". This was only after17th century, and it also included several movements.
13) brass music This is a form of band organization developed in recent years. There is no strict regulation on quantity and establishment, and there are more or less, but copper pipes and wooden pipes are the main ones. Such as trumpet, French horn, alto, trombone, tuba, etc. Plus percussion instruments such as drums, snares, triangles and cymbals, as well as woodwind instruments such as piccolo, flute, double pipe, English pipe, saxophone, clarinet and bassoon. When it is suitable for outdoor performances or when you are tired of classical music, the volume is huge and the momentum is huge. Because woodwind instruments are used, they are all played, so they are also called "playing bands".
14) Piano Music The piano has a wide range and different timbres (from A2 to C5), but it is very harmonious, especially strong and weak, with both rigidity and flexibility, which can be broken and connected. So you can play more complex multi-part music or the band part of the concerto. Large symphonies can also be condensed into piano music, which is equivalent to a large orchestra. The expressive force of the piano is quite rich. After many symphonies are condensed into piano music, the expressive force of their music is not inferior to that of symphonies, but each has its own advantages.
As for the music specially written for piano score, it is extremely difficult to count (including the ancient piano music with harpoon). And all kinds of emotions can be accommodated, and all kinds of genres, forms, themes and styles can also be expressed on the piano. For example, playing Chinese music, although the piano is a foreign instrument, China people feel very cordial after listening to it; For example, playing Gershwin's rhapsody in blue has the flavor of Broadway in the United States, showing the characteristics of jazz music with complex rhythm. Therefore, some people regard the piano as "universal musical instrument" or "the king of musical instruments".
Since17th century, great musicians in the world have created many classic piano music, such as Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Debussy, Rachel, Bartok and prokofiev. These piano pieces have been used as compulsory teaching materials for music learners all over the world until now. In the music industry, a "musician" who can't play the piano is always considered as "missing a leg". Piano music has become a compulsory course for music learners because it not only has a wide range and can play many parts of music, but also can play the strongest, weakest, fastest, slowest, most stiff, softest, highest, lowest, thinnest, densest, densest and lightest sounds at will, which is the best instrument to cultivate musical sense. It is also the most fundamental advantage of piano expressive force.