First, the production cost.
Production cost, also known as manufacturing cost, refers to the cost of production activities, that is, the expenses incurred by enterprises in producing products. Production cost is the monetary expression of the utilization rate of various resources in the production process, and it is an important index to measure the technical and management level of enterprises.
Second, the manufacturing cost.
Manufacturing expenses include all other production expenses except direct materials and direct wages, mainly including all expenses incurred by each production unit (workshop and branch factory) for organizing and managing production, as well as the fixed assets use fees and maintenance fees incurred by each production unit, specifically including the following items: salaries of managers of each production unit, employee welfare fees, housing construction fees, labor protection fees, shutdown losses during seasonal production and repair, etc.
Third, the labor cost.
Labor cost is the settlement cost of purchasing services such as labor service, technical support, consultation and design from outside. These expenses usually include recruitment expenses, wages and social insurance expenses. Labor costs will be carried forward to the main business costs, other business costs and other subjects.
Fourth, R&D expenditure.
R&D expenditure is the expenses incurred by enterprises to develop new products, technologies and processes. These expenses can be spent or capitalized. Expensive transfer of R&D expenditure directly to the management expense account; Capitalization converts R&D expenditure into intangible assets and distributes them over several years. R&D expenditure will be carried forward to management expenses, intangible assets and other subjects.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) engineering construction
Engineering construction refers to the enterprise activities that provide professional services to customers for a period of time. These services usually include construction, mechanical and electrical installation, mechanical and electrical equipment maintenance, etc. Expenses arising from construction activities will be carried forward to the cost or profit and loss account.
The role of the cost account:
Cost accounting subjects mainly include production cost, manufacturing cost, labor cost and R&D expenditure.
Cost account is an accounting account used to reflect costs and expenses. It mainly accounts for the occurrence and collection of costs and provides accounting information related to costs. According to the different contents of cost and expenditure, it can be divided into production cost, manufacturing cost, labor cost, R&D expenditure and engineering construction.
Costs are included in their respective accounts when actually incurred, but when carried forward at the end of the period, manufacturing expenses, labor costs, inventory goods and R&D expenses should be transferred to production costs respectively. The borrowing direction of cost accounting subjects is to increase by borrowing and decrease by lending, with the debit indicating increase and the credit indicating decrease.
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Cost Subject