1 analysis of the reasons for the decline of housing construction quality
In recent years, construction quality and safety accidents still occur from time to time. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Construction, the number of construction deaths in 2002 was 1297, second only to traffic and coal mines. On June 28, 2002, a "key project" in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, due to illegal subcontracting, the construction enterprise failed to take effective safety measures, and the elevator roof fell off the track, resulting in five deaths and 1 person was seriously injured. During the inspection by the inspection team in Heilongjiang Province, two major quality and safety accidents occurred in the province. On July 24th, the extension teaching building of Heping Primary School in Bei 'an collapsed, causing 16 deaths and 6 injuries. On July 23rd, the balcony of a residential building in Xiangfang District of Harbin fell, killing three people and injuring three others. Judging from the inspection, all parties in the building have problems in varying degrees, such as weak awareness of quality and safety, inadequate responsibilities, poor management and even violations of laws and regulations. Some construction units press the construction period and cost; Some survey, design units and construction enterprises do not strictly implement the mandatory standards for engineering construction, cut corners, have chaotic site management, and have insufficient investment in safety protection, resulting in hidden dangers in engineering quality and safety. ?
2. Enhance quality awareness and improve the quality of building construction personnel.
Engineering quality supervision is a comprehensive work integrating law, technology, economy and administration, which belongs to the category of administrative technical supervision and law enforcement. Therefore, the quality of the supervision team and the ability to enforce the law are the basis for doing a good job in engineering quality supervision. To revitalize the construction industry, we must improve the quality consciousness of the supervision team. Supervision organization is a specialized department of engineering quality certification, which is related to people's life and property safety.
Personnel quality covers the decision-making ability, management ability, management ability, control ability, operation ability and moral quality of the personnel involved in construction activities. The quality of personnel directly affects the success or failure of project quality objectives and is the decisive factor of project quality. Therefore, in order to control the project quality, we must first start with strict personnel qualifications and improve the quality of personnel. Whether decision makers, managers or technical operators, they should be "qualified" experts. Under the new situation, cultivating and improving the quality of supervisors, establishing the internal assessment mechanism of supervision institutions and giving full play to the position and role of supervision stations are the keys to improve the quality awareness of the whole construction industry and solve quality problems. ?
3. The quality management of the whole process of housing construction requires enterprises to establish a complete quality assurance system.
? International quality system certification is such a quality assurance system. In this system, there are quality control procedures related to the construction process, such as quality planning, raw material procurement, construction process, inspection and test. The effective operation of these procedures will control the whole construction process, and the principle of ISO9000 quality assurance system is "prevention first". In other words, the system makes the project quality control have good predictability, thus ensuring the project construction quality more reliably. First of all, the most important thing to establish such a quality assurance system is to make it run effectively. Therefore, managers at all levels of enterprises must establish a strong sense of quality responsibility, strictly implement quality system standards and do a good job in construction quality management. Secondly, to implement ISO9000 series standards, establish and operate a quality assurance system, we should pay attention to practical results and pay close attention to implementation, and we must never engage in ostentation and extravagance. We should constantly improve and perfect the quality assurance system. Furthermore, it comes from engineering investigation and task undertaking; Construction preparation; Material procurement; Construction production; Testing and inspection; Functional testing of building products; Construction inspection; Pay a return visit to users and ensure these eight links to improve and perfect the quality system structure, and make it effectively control the operation, so as to strictly control the improvement of the quality of building products. ?
Actively adopting scientific and technological achievements and striving to improve the level of construction technology are important conditions for creating high-quality projects.
Construction quality control is closely related to technical factors, including equipment, information and inspection technology, in addition to the technical quality of personnel. The technical policy of the Ministry of Construction points out: "To establish the concept of building products, all links should pay attention to the improvement of the quality and function of the final building products, and upgrade the products and construction technology through technological progress." Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which are embodied in the whole process of construction and production activities. The role of technological progress is ultimately reflected in product quality. For the sake of engineering quality, we should pay attention to the advancement and applicability of new technologies and new processes. In the whole process of construction, the technological process, quality standards and operating procedures that meet the technical requirements are formulated, and a strict assessment system is established, so as to continuously improve and improve the construction technology and technological level to ensure the engineering quality.
5. Strengthen the construction site management of housing construction projects, and do a good job in quality control before, during and after the event.
The construction site is the gathering place of people, logistics and information flow, and it is also the place where the construction industry finally takes shape. Civilized construction on the construction site, organization and implementation of construction production, implementation, inspection, audit and supervision of technical quality management, management of materials entering the site, inspection, test and use, etc. , constitute the construction site management system. In order to strengthen the quality control of engineering construction site and clarify the key points of quality control in each construction stage, three stages of quality control are established in the process of quality management of construction site: quality control before, quality control during and quality control after. Pre-quality control refers to all construction preparations made for the whole project construction site before formal construction. The basic contents of preparation include: construction technical preparation; Preparation of building materials; Construction organization preparation; Site preparation (mainly "five connections and one leveling" on the construction site). Process quality control refers to the quality control in the construction process. That is, to control the construction process in an all-round way, and its specific measures are: there are countermeasures for quality control; The construction project is planned; Technical guarantee has disclosure; Records of the blue prints.the design; There are tests on the preparation materials; Concealed engineering acceptance; Review the calibration of measuring instruments; There are procedures for design changes; Rebar substitution in the system; Quality management is reviewed; Finished product protection measures; Exercising quality control has veto power; Quality documents have documents. Post-event quality control refers to product quality control formed during the completion of project construction. Prepare the completion acceptance data, and evaluate the quality of completed sub-projects, sub-projects and unit projects according to the specified quality evaluation standards. ?
6 do a good job in building construction quality control
(1) Review relevant technical documents, reports or statements. The audit of technical documents, reports and statements is an important means for the project manager to fully control the project quality.
(2) On-site quality inspection.
① Contents of on-site quality inspection: inspection before construction; Process handover inspection; Concealed engineering inspection; Inspection after shutdown and before resumption of work; After the completion of the sub-item and sub-item projects, acceptance shall be carried out and acceptance records shall be signed before the next project construction can be carried out; Finished product protection inspection. In addition, we should often go deep into the site to check the quality of construction work. If necessary, follow-up or follow-up inspection should be carried out.
(2) The method of on-site quality inspection. There are three methods for on-site quality inspection: observation, measurement and test. The observation method is to check the appearance and feel according to the quality standard and to check the sound with tools. For parts that are not easy to see or have dark light, mirror reflection or light irradiation can be used for inspection. Measurement method is to compare the measured data with the allowable deviation stipulated in construction specifications and quality standards to judge whether the quality is qualified. Test inspection refers to the inspection method that can only judge the quality through tests. Such as static load test of pile or foundation, to determine its bearing capacity; Carry out stability test on steel structure to determine whether there is instability; Tensile tests were carried out on welded joints of steel bars to check the welding quality. ?
7. Establish a good site quality management system.
On-site management system includes quality responsibility system, technical review system, on-site meeting system, construction process control system, on-site quality inspection system, quality statistical reporting system, quality accident reporting and handling system, etc.
(1) Quality responsibility system.
Man is the operator, organizer and commander of engineering construction. Man is both the driving force and the object of control; Man is the creator of quality, and also the maker of unqualified products, mistakes and engineering quality accidents. Therefore, in the whole process of on-site quality management, people should be the center, the quality responsibility system should be established, the responsibilities and authority of personnel engaged in various quality management activities should be defined, and the resources and personnel qualifications required for the project should be stipulated.
(2) Technical review system. Including the establishment of a strict technical management system and technical control of the construction process.
(3) Quality accident reporting and handling system.
In the process of engineering construction, engineering quality accidents are caused by design mistakes, unqualified raw materials, semi-finished products, components and equipment, wrong construction techniques and methods, and improper construction organization and command, which cause the engineering quality to fail to meet the specified quality standards and design requirements, or cause collapse, scrapping or major economic losses.
The establishment and implementation of quality accident reporting and handling system refers to the identification and evaluation of quality accidents by relevant personnel, the analysis of the causes of quality accidents and the formulation of quality accident handling measures after the quality accidents have been examined and approved by the corresponding responsible departments, and then processed by the relevant departments for examination and acceptance.
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