In modern Yunnan history, there are two famous schools, one is literature school, the other is martial arts school. One document refers to The National SouthWest Associated University and the other refers to Yunnan Military Academy. The former has trained a large number of outstanding scientists and educators; The latter trained a large number of outstanding military strategists and revolutionaries. Because of this, Zhu De, a former student of Yunnan Military Academy and later a marshal of the Republic of China, called Yunnan Military Academy a revolutionary melting pot.
Yunnan Military Academy, which was founded nearly 100 years ago, still has its site, and was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1988. This is the second floor building of a beige brick-wood courtyard house located on Chenghuapu land on the west bank of Cuihu, a famous scenic spot in the center of Kunming. It consists of four buildings, east, west, south and north, which are symmetrically connected and equipped with corridors, and each end of the building is equipped with an arch. Covering area 1390 m2. There is also a big classroom (auditorium) and an arsenal in the southwest of the main building. There is a reading practice building in the middle of the South Building, which is about15m high and13m wide. The big playground in front of the building, covering no less than two football fields, has been replaced by high-rise buildings such as Yunnan Science and Technology Museum. However, after a hundred years of wind and rain, the old quadrangle still exists. The four buildings with a length of120m and a width of10m not only add a bit of antique, but also highlight the heroic spirit of Wujiangtang.
Yunnan Military Academy is not only close to Cuihu Lake, a bright pearl in the center of Kunming, but also is a land of geomantic omen with tree-lined trees, clear lake water, elegant environment and fragrant flowers. Yunnan Military Academy and Cuihu are in harmony, making it a scenic spot full of humanistic colors.
The establishment of Yunnan Military Academy is directly related to the establishment of the new army in the late Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government decided to compile and train 36 towns (divisions) of the new army throughout the country. Yunnan, which is located in the frontier, plans to establish two new army towns for national defense needs. 1909 February, Yunnan New Army was organized into a town and was awarded the title of Nineteen Town, with a total of officers and men 10900. At the same time, the province's patrol team has also changed to a battalion system, with a total of 62 battalions, and there are about 35,000 officers and men in 19 towns and patrol battalions.
The training of the new army urgently needs new officers, so it is imperative to open an army school to train talents. Dianjun lecture hall is the most important Wujiang lecture hall established in various places in the late Qing Dynasty. It was first established in September, 1907, and was managed by Hu Jingyi, the general office of the Army Primary School. There were 86 students at the beginning of school, but by February, only 4 1 student was detained, and the school facilities and teaching quality were very poor. Only seven months later, it was closed. A year later, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou _ and the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Liang, after some preparation, did it again.
When the Yunnan Military Academy reopened, it happened that the students studying in Japan in the sixth phase of the Japanese NCO School graduated and returned to China, so the Yunnan authorities recruited talents from them and appointed a large number of students studying in Japan as the backbone and instructors of Wujiangtang. In this group of people, members of the League account for a considerable proportion, such as Li Liejun, Zhang Kairu, Fang Shengtao, Zhao Kangshi, Shen, Tang, Yu En _, Gu Pinzhen, Liu Zuwu, Hongxiang Li, Li Bogeng, Luo Peijin and so on.
According to statistics, among the 47 junior teachers in Yunnan Military Academy, there are 7 allies1person, 8 revolutionaries1person, and no obvious reactionaries are found. In terms of academic qualifications, people who have received new education are in an absolute advantage. Of the 40 known teachers (teachers), 28 graduated from Japanese schools, 4 studied in Shi Jing University, 2 studied in Bavi School, and 6 are unknown. The data of this classification reflects the basic political and professional situation of teachers in Yunnan Military Academy.
Contrary to the wishes of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, Yunnan Military Academy provided an important venue for the League, and the revolutionaries actually mastered the power of Wujiang Hall, making it an important stronghold of the Yunnan revolution and the core of the southwest revolutionary joint forces. At the beginning of the preparation, the General Office of Jiangwutang (equivalent to the principal) was concurrently held by Gordon, the general office of the Yunnan Army Reserve, and Li Genyuan, a member of the League, was appointed as the inspector (equivalent to the vice president or provost in charge of teaching and training). By May of 19 10, Gordon even resigned as the nominal general manager of Jiangwutang, with Shen as the general manager and Zhang Kairu as the supervisor. In this way, the first, second and third leaders of Jiangwutang are all members of the League. Because of this, Yunnan Military Academy has taken on a new look after its resumption.
At the beginning of its establishment, Yunnan Military Academy obviously had several important characteristics, which made it even more unusual.
First, it is large in scale, with many classes and students. Yunnan Military Academy starts from Class A, Class B and Class C, with 420 students. Later, 100 students with excellent grades were selected from the students in Class C, and they were specially awarded studies as special classes. At the beginning of 19 10, 200 people (noncommissioned officers selected by the army and first-class soldiers with excellent academic performance, plus some ordinary school students) were merged into Class C. In May of the same year, 30 graduates from two-level normal schools in Yunnan decided to join the army and join Wujiangtang, so Wujiangtang added a class. In this way, when the school started, there were 630 students, 19 10. In August, when students from Class A and Class B graduated, 80 students from Class A and Class B transferred to their classes to study. In this way, before the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, nearly 800 people received military training and the baptism of democratic revolutionary thought in Yunnan Military Academy. These people returned to the new army and patrolled the camp, and became the important backbone and basic force of the Yunnan Uprising in 19 1 1.
Second, the academic system is long. According to the regulations of the academic system of the military academy in the late Qing Dynasty, the academic system of Jiangwutang is generally four months every 1 period, except holidays and round-trip time, the actual study time is only three months, while the academic system of classes A and B in Yunnan Military Academy is 1 year, the special class is two and a half years, and the class C is three years, which is several times longer than the prescribed time (but the actual implementation time is shorter).
Third, the classroom setting is perfect and the teaching quality is high. Yunnan Military Academy is divided into infantry, artillery, cavalry, engineers and trench. After entering the class, Class A and Class B focus on military disciplines, such as topography, fortifications, weapons, military system, health and so on. And study military courses, such as codes, norms, orders, etc. Class C and special classes first learn general subjects and basic courses of military science, such as Chinese, ethics, equipment drawing, arithmetic, historical geography, English or French, infantry code of conduct, shooting instructions, service orders in combat, work instructions, field exercises, etc. And then study military subjects and our own military subjects in different disciplines.
The system and style of the school is to imitate the Japanese Army NCO School. Discipline is very strict. 6 hours of classes every day, 2 hours of exercises, gymnastics and running in the morning, self-study at night, and emergency training at night. Due to the perfect curriculum, strict teaching and high discipline requirements, the quality of graduates from Yunnan Military Academy was better than that of other military academies at that time.
Because of these characteristics, Yunnan Military Academy has become a military school to train democratic revolutionary fighters and made important contributions to the democratic revolution in Yunnan and even the whole country. After the reopening of Yunnan Military Academy, with the efforts of Li Genyuan and others, it finally opened on September 28th. 1909. The motto of the school is perseverance and hard work. Jiangwutang also produced a series of military songs. The lyrics are impassioned and infectious, and we should concentrate on singing Jiangwutang military songs every morning. As we know, Jiangwutang has seven series of military songs, one of which is important:
The wind and cloud are rolling,
It feels like he woke up from a dream.
Forty million compatriots,
Rise to the Great Wall.
Strangers in Chinese mainland,
Join hands in the army.
But together,
Rotate Xin Gankun.
Even if it is beautiful,
The momentum is quite strong.
Practice iron arms to shoulder heavy responsibilities,
Brave people of China!
Brave people of China!
After the Revolution of 1911, Yunnan Military Academy was renamed Yunnan Military Academy, and continued to run 19, which trained thousands of talents successively. Jiangwutang teachers and students continued to play a great role in the later national defense war, the Northern Expedition War, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the liberation war that overthrew the Chiang family dynasty, and made their own contributions to the liberation of the people of China and even the people of the world.
Among the teachers and students of Jiangwutang, besides the famous founding marshals Zhu De and Ye Jianying, there are former Guizhou provincial governors Tang, Hu Ruoyu, Long Yun and Lu Han, Jiangxi provincial chairman and Jehol provincial chairman Sun Du, army chief of staff Yang Jie, army commanders Fan, Ceng Zesheng and others. Li Genyuan, Li Liejun, Gu Pinzhen, Yang Ximin, anti-Japanese hero Zhou Baozhong, famous strategist Luo Binghui, Korean revolutionary Chairman Cui Yongjian, Vietnamese revolutionary General Wu Yuanjia, etc. Yunnan Military Academy is full of talented people, with bright stars and brilliant history, which is amazing.