The Yuan Dynasty established by Mongols (127 1 year-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital metropolis (now Beijing) experienced five emperors and eleven emperors, which lasted for 98 years.
Liu, a scientist in Yuan Dynasty, planned and built the capital of Yuan Dynasty, and it was the capital of Yuan Dynasty from Kublai Khan to the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1267) and twenty-eight years (1368).
Its city site is located in the urban area of Beijing today, north to the ruins of Yuan Dadu Tucheng, south to Chang 'an Street and east to the Second Ring Road. The street layout in Yuan Dynasty laid the basic pattern of Beijing today.
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Most of the Yuan Dynasty was located in the northeast of the old city of Jinzhongdu. In the southwest of Jimen Bridge, between the east gate of China University of Political Science and Law and the west gate of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, the city wall can still be seen, and there is a sign of "the ruins of the city wall of Yuan Dynasty".
Beijing Metropolitan City Wall Ruins Park was built on the site of Metropolitan Tucheng, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. It starts from near Mingguang Village, Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District in the west, reaches Huangting Pavilion in the north, and turns east via Madian.
Qijiahuozi arrived near shaoyaoju, Chaoyang District, which roughly coincided with the northern section of the subway 10 line. The wall of Tucheng near Madian is 12.5m high and 3 1m wide. There is a place outside Deshengmen called Tuchengguan, which is the site of Jiandemen in Yuan Dynasty.
Metropolitan New Town is rectangular in plan, with a circumference of 28.6 kilometers and an area of about 50 square kilometers, which is equivalent to three-fifths of the area of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty.
The roads in the Yuan Dynasty were well planned with clear latitude and longitude. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that the width of the main street on the central axis of most cities is 28 meters, the width of other main streets is 25 meters, the width of small streets is half of that of main streets, and the width of fire lanes (hutongs) is roughly half of that of small streets.
The city walls were rammed with mud and covered with reed curtains. Because of the square outline of the city and the straight and regular streets, the urban pattern is particularly spectacular.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuandadu