Safety management of construction engineering is an important content of construction engineering management, and the importance of strengthening safety management in construction enterprises lies in achieving safety management objectives. Safety management of construction projects is all management activities of organizing safety production during the construction of construction projects. Through the process control of production factors, the unsafe behaviors and states of production factors can be reduced or eliminated, so as to reduce general accidents, put an end to casualties and ensure the realization of safety management objectives.
1 Problems in safety management of building construction
1. 1 Safety production management expenses cannot be earmarked.
Due to the fierce competition in the construction market, many builders have maliciously lowered their prices in order to get the project, and the funds for safe production have been ignored. Once winning the bid, the necessary equipment, equipment, tools, etc. Because safety production can't be purchased, it can be saved and delayed. The construction site is very chaotic, which greatly increases the possibility of safety accidents.
1.2 The establishment of safety production management organization and personnel is not perfect.
At present, many construction sites are only equipped with two or three managers, such as project managers, foremen and technicians, to manage the construction sites. A person has several jobs, and most of his energy and responsibility are focused on the quality of the project, the progress of the project and the procurement of materials in and out of the warehouse. There is no complete organization for safety management, and his responsibilities are unclear. Even some construction sites don't have full-time security officers. Even if there is, there is a position and no right, and it cannot give full play to its role.
1.3 The division of work areas on the construction site is not clear, and the awareness of fire safety is not strong.
The division of office, living and working areas in the construction site is unreasonable, and the office and living areas do not meet the safety requirements and the environmental sanitation is poor. Ignoring fire safety management, fire control facilities and equipment are not complete. It is easy to cause safety accidents.
1.4 Management of safety protection appliances, mechanical equipment and construction tools is chaotic.
At present, some construction units buy and lease safety protection appliances, machinery and equipment, construction machinery and accessories, just to save money, and do not hesitate to buy and lease unlicensed inferior products. The machinery and equipment used are not inspected regularly, and some outdated machinery and equipment are still in use.
1.5 There is no safety education and training system and safety inspection mechanism.
Although some construction sites also have some system boards and safety signs, they have not really played the role of safety education and safety warning. Many of them are just for security. Many construction workers don't even understand the meaning of safety signs. How do they achieve safe construction?
It is an urgent task for construction enterprises to strengthen the safety knowledge training for skilled workers and project managers. If a skilled worker doesn't even understand the self-protection of his own profession, an engineering manager can't find potential safety hazards in time at the construction site and turn a blind eye to illegal operation and illegal command. It is accidental that such a construction site does not have an accident, and an accident is inevitable.
The direct economic losses caused by safety accidents range from hundreds of thousands to millions, which will also cause personal injury and adverse effects in society, and some may affect the survival and development of an enterprise, which is a huge loss. It can be seen that it is of great significance for construction enterprises to strengthen safety production management.
2. Strengthen safety management and establish safety production targets.
2. 1 Strengthen legislation and establish and improve laws and regulations on production safety.
Construction administrative departments shall supervise and inspect according to law. At present, the legislation in this area is relatively perfect, and the construction administrative department has great supervision. All construction enterprises shall actively cooperate with the construction administrative departments, accept the supervision and inspection of the competent departments, and shall not be perfunctory or concealed.
2.2 Construction enterprises should establish and improve the safety production management system.
Determine the goals that should be achieved in safe production, and take a series of measures to finally achieve these goals. Carrying out the target management of safety production can not only further implement the responsibility system of safety production and strengthen the management of safety production, but also embody the principle of "everyone is responsible for safety production", so that the safety work can be managed by all staff, which is conducive to improving the safety quality of all employees in enterprises.
2.3 The task of safety production management is to determine the target.
Clear responsibilities, implement measures, implement strict assessment and reward and punishment system, encourage employees to actively participate in comprehensive, all-round and whole-process safety production management, strictly control safety production objectives and safety production responsibility system requirements, implement safety measures, and eliminate unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of things.
2.4 the basic content of safety production target management
Including the establishment of the target system, the implementation of the target and the inspection and assessment of the target results: ① Determine the feasible target value, adopt the scientific target prediction method, determine the appropriate target value according to the needs and possibilities, and adopt the method of systematic analysis, and study the measures and means that should be taken around achieving the target. (2) Formulate implementation measures according to the requirements of safety objectives, ensure that there are specific guarantee measures, and strive to quantify implementation and assessment, including organizing technical measures and defining completion procedures and time, and assume specific responsibilities. (3) Clear the specific assessment criteria and reward and punishment methods, and earnestly implement the assessment criteria for target management of production safety. The assessment standard should not only stipulate the target value, but also decompose the target value into several specific requirements for assessment. (4) The target management of production safety must be linked to the responsibility system of production safety. Decompose at different levels, take responsibility step by step, give full play to the enthusiasm of organizations at all levels and all employees, and ensure the realization of safety production management objectives. ⑤ The target management of production safety must be linked to the contract responsibility system of enterprise production and operation. As an important part of overall target management, the implementation of the target responsibility system of manager's tenure should be linked to his economic income.
3. Correctly understand and handle the relationship between safety and production
3. 1 Safety and danger coexist
Safety and danger are opposites and influence each other in the movement of the same thing. Because of the danger, there will be safety production process control to prevent or reduce the danger. Security and danger do not coexist in equal amounts and live in peace. With the movement and change of things, security and danger are changing all the time and fighting. The development of things will be inclined to the winner of the struggle, which shows that the activities of things will not be absolutely safe or dangerous. To maintain the state of safe production, we must take various measures, focusing on prevention. Because dangerous factors exist objectively in the movement of things, they are both sustainable and effective and controllable.
3.2 the unity of safety and production
Production is the foundation of the existence and development of human society. If people and the environment are in danger, production will not go smoothly. Therefore, safety is an objective requirement of production. When production stops, safety loses its meaning. As far as production objectives are concerned, organizing safe production is the greatest responsibility for the country, the people and the enterprises. With safety, production can develop steadily and healthily. When an accident happens, production will inevitably stagnate or even be paralyzed. When production is guaranteed and the dangerous factors endangering life or property are eliminated, production and operation will be smoother and smoother.
Quality and safety, interaction, mutual cause and effect. Safety first, quality first, and the two firsts are not contradictory. Safety first is put forward from the perspective of protecting production and operation factors. Emphasize quality first from the perspective of caring about product performance. Safety serves quality, and quality needs safety as a guarantee. You can't lose both ends in the production process, otherwise it will get out of control.
3.4 Safety and progress affect each other
In production, we violate the objective laws, blindly and recklessly, and the progress made by luck, without the support of real and effective safety measures, is often easy to cause great disasters, delay the progress and affect production. Progress depends on security, and security is progress. We should pursue safe acceleration and avoid safe deceleration. Security is in direct proportion to progress. It is extremely harmful to emphasize the progress blindly and ignore the safety. When there is a contradiction between progress and safety, it is the right choice to temporarily slow down the progress and ensure safety.
3.5 Safety and benefit coexist.
The implementation of safety technical measures will continuously improve working conditions, mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, improve work efficiency and increase economic benefits. In this sense, safety and efficiency are completely consistent, and safety promotes the growth of efficiency. Through careful calculation and overall arrangement, the necessary expenses for implementing safety measures are invested. We should not only ensure safe production, but also be economical and reasonable and do what we can. In order to save money, it is not advisable to ignore safety production or pursue blind high investment in safety funds.
4. Vigorously strengthen the supervision and inspection of safety management.
Safety inspection refers to the inspection of the implementation of safety production laws and regulations, safety production conditions, working conditions and hidden dangers of accidents in construction projects. Refers to all kinds of safety inspection or professional inspection organized by the project intends to. Safety inspection is usually carried out purposefully and organized within a certain period of time. Generally, it is large in scale, long in inspection time, revealing more problems and accurate in judgment, which is conducive to attracting the attention of the project and analyzing and rectifying some "long-standing" problems in safety production.
4. 1 self-check
The self-inspection of our school is the various inspections by the labor service layer on their own safety production organizations.
Self-inspection usually adopts a safety inspection system that combines regular inspection with regular inspection, professional inspection with mass inspection. Regular inspection refers to the daily, weekly and monthly safety inspection conducted by safety technicians, full-time or part-time safety managers and teams. Regular inspection is a comprehensive safety inspection organized by the project department at regular intervals (monthly, quarterly, half a year or one year). Professional inspection refers to the specialized professional safety inspection, fire prevention, explosion prevention, dust prevention and anti-virus inspection according to the equipment and seasonal characteristics; Mass safety inspection refers to mobilizing all employees to carry out safety inspection generally and educating employees on safety. In addition, there are seasonal inspections according to seasonal characteristics, such as winter protection, summer heatstroke prevention and cooling, and rainy season flood control.
4.2 Safety production inspection
The main contents include: checking ideas, checking systems, checking machinery and equipment, checking safety facilities, checking safety education and training, checking operation behavior, checking the use of protective equipment, and checking the handling of casualty accidents.
In a word, project safety management is one of the key points of project management of construction enterprises, which is related to the survival, development and future of enterprises. Managers of construction enterprises must attach great importance to it. The cost of safety management accounts for about 3% of the direct cost of the project, while the economic loss of safety accidents accounts for at least 5% in general accidents, and serious accidents can also cause personal injury. Economic loss is on the one hand, but social impact is on the other hand, which will also be affected in future bidding. There should be no fluky psychology, and safety production management should be systematic, concrete and universal. Make managers pay attention to safety and understand the importance of safety management.
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