There are three kinds of thoughts that have the greatest influence on China's cultural thoughts in the 20th century: Socialism with Chinese characteristics's theory of comprehensive innovation, liberalism's theory of total westernization and conservative theory of Confucian revival. These three cultural thoughts represent three cultural propositions of China's cultural modernization.
Three choices of China's modernization road: Marxists insist on socialist modernization, and emphasize "China characteristics" increasingly in practice, and flatly refuse to copy the "total westernization" of western capitalism; Liberals advocate copying the old-fashioned modernization of western capitalist developed countries and insist that "modernization is westernization"
Modern Neo-Confucianism insists on China-based culture and "China culture is not lacking in origin", and on this premise, it absorbs western scientific democracy and takes the "Confucian capitalist road" of "industrial East Asia". Culture in a broad sense refers to the material and spiritual productivity and the sum of material and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social practice.
In a narrow sense, it refers to spiritual production capacity and spiritual products, including all forms of social consciousness: natural science, technical science, social ideology, and sometimes knowledge and facilities in education, science and art. Culture is all human spiritual activities and their products related to economy and politics.
Content:
Culture includes not only ideological parts such as world outlook, outlook on life and values, but also non-ideological parts such as natural science and technology, language and writing. Culture is a unique phenomenon in human society. Culture is created by people and unique to people.
Culture is the sum of all social phenomena and the inner spirit of the intelligent group. Culture includes eight major arts and the ninth major art, among which China culture is branded with the characteristics of the nation and the times, with both inheritance and development. The main content of China culture is Confucianism in the new era.