When it comes to "Anhui Province", we can't help but mention "jiangnan province". "jiangnan province" was established in the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), and its provincial capital was located in Jiangning (now Nanjing). Jiangnan province in Qing Dynasty was formerly known as "Nanzhili" in Ming Dynasty. Jiangnan province is roughly equivalent to Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui today. Both "Nanzhili" in Ming Dynasty and "jiangnan province" in Qing Dynasty were among the richest provinces in China at that time. In the early Qing Dynasty, the tax revenue of a province in the south of the Yangtze River accounted for one-third of the country, and the number of people on the list of a province in the south of the Yangtze River accounted for nearly half of the country every time, so there were "talents in the world, and half of them came from the south of the Yangtze River!" Say it.
In the early Qing dynasty, the world was not completely unified, with Zhu Nanming in the southeast and other seesaw forces in the southwest. In addition, the internal contradictions of the Qing royal family were sharp and the struggle continued. As one of the main financial resources and talent pools of the Qing court, jiangnan province's stability and security are very important. Therefore, the emperor shunzhi decided to divide and rule, on the one hand, in order to strengthen management, on the other hand, in order to prevent the third party from using the rich Jiangnan provinces to make great achievements and endanger the court. In A.D. 166 1 year (18th year of Qing Shunzhi), jiangnan province was divided into Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Province and Suzhou, the provincial capital, which was called "the right deployment and envoy department in the south of the Yangtze River". Anhui An (Qing) emblem (prefecture), the capital of Nanjing, is known as "the left political envoy of Jiangnan" in history. A.D. 1667 (the sixth year of Kangxi) was changed to: Jiangsu was the right ambassador of Jiangnan, and Anhui was the left ambassador of Jiangnan. 1760 (twenty-five years of Qing Qianlong): Jiangsu Province, the right political envoy and historical department of Jiangnan moved to the left and moved to Nanjing, becoming the capital of Jiangsu Province. Anhui Province, Jiangnan Zuobu Political and Historical Department moved to Anqing and became the capital of Anhui Province. From 1760 to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Anqing fell to the Japanese invaders, and Anqing has always been the provincial capital of Anhui!
Jiangnan province was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, but Anhui and Jiangsu were still one of the richest provinces in China in Qing Dynasty. Until the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Anhui paid the top five taxes every year. Anqing, as the capital of Anhui Province, was called "Three Famous Cities of the Yangtze River" together with Wuhan and Nanjing in the middle of19th century. In the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1), the Qing Dynasty established the first modern military enterprise in China-Anqing Ordnance Institute, and manufactured the first steam engine and the first motor boat in China. Later, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great president of the Republic of China, mentioned in his books "General Plan for the Founding of the People's Republic of China" and "Outline for the Founding of the People's Republic of China" that Anhui should build two places: Anqing and Wuhu. Anqing will be built into a super-large "Twin City" between Wuhan and Nanjing, the capital, on both sides of the Yangtze River, and Wuhu will be built into a major port city in the Yangtze River basin.
In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Anqing, the capital of Anhui Province, fell, and the Anhui provincial government was forced to move out of Anqing. With the development of the war, it temporarily stayed in Li Huang (now Jinzhai), Wuhu and Hefei. 1949 When Hefei was liberated, because most areas south of Chaohu Lake in Anhui Province were not completely liberated, the central government temporarily set up the administrative office of northern Anhui in Hefei, and then the general headquarters of crossing the river was located in Feidong. 1952, Anhui provincial people's government was formally established, and the central government decided that the provincial government should be located in Hefei.
The provincial capital moved from Anqing along the river to Hefei inland, which changed Anhui from an eastern province to an inland province politically and psychologically, and also limited Anhui's development vision to Hefei! Hefei has developed for so many years, but the three counties under its jurisdiction are still backward, and Changfeng is still a national poverty-stricken county! Cities around Hefei, such as Lu 'an, Chaohu, Chuzhou and Huainan, have not become rich under the drive of Hefei.