I. Introduction
At present, the rapid development of information technology has played a great role in the information management of construction projects from three aspects: economic benefits, technical means and engineering application, which has brought construction management to a new level.
China's construction industry has started the process of digitalization and informatization since 1980s, which was first manifested in the unswerving implementation of computer drawing by major design institutes. Since the end of the 20th century, the digitalization and informatization of government departments in China have been accelerating, especially in Beijing, Shanghai and provincial capitals, and e-government has been popularized to varying degrees. However, the development of the national construction industry is very uneven.
Although the design institute has generally realized computer drawing, it still stays at a low level of informationization and still uses traditional means to review drawings; The informatization level of most engineering construction companies is low, and they still stay in the way of manual drawing and writing; The process of digitalization and informatization of construction project management by higher authorities is also relatively slow. At present, China's construction industry lags behind developed countries in Europe and America in technology, management, efficiency, cost control and information management, which can't meet the needs of the times and seriously restricts its development.
The construction industry is a meticulous labor-intensive industry. Construction project management has the characteristics of large number of construction workers, complex working procedures, decentralization, liquidity and one-off. According to the survey and statistics of European and American countries, under the traditional management mode, engineering designers spend about 35% of their working time every day consulting drawings and communicating and coordinating; Engineering construction managers often need to spend as much as 50% of their working time searching for necessary information and exchanging information, which seriously reduces production efficiency.
The above survey statistics also show that the cost of remote management and file transfer accounts for about 10% of the total cost. China ranks first in the world in engineering quantity and has accumulated a large number of drawings. How to organize, archive, classify, query and retrieve quickly has become an urgent problem. The flexible organization and management of technical documents, the sharing of design information resources, and the rapid and accurate collaborative design and construction make workflow automation the top priority to improve work efficiency. In order to be in line with international standards, the construction industry urgently needs to adopt advanced technology, strengthen scientific management and speed up informatization.
Second, the characteristics of construction project management and the necessity of information management
The purpose of building construction is to form building products with certain functions. The basic characteristics of building products, such as fixed position, various forms, complex structure and huge volume, determine that building construction has the characteristics of long production cycle, many kinds of resources used, large consumption and high spatial mobility. It is the main content of construction project management to effectively plan, organize and control the construction process itself and the manpower, material resources and financial resources involved in the construction process. Construction project management mainly presents the following characteristics:
(1) Construction project management involves a wide range, and it is a multi-sectoral and multi-professional comprehensive management. It includes not only the production management in the construction process, but also the management contents such as technology, quality, materials, planning, safety and contract.
(2) To form a building with a large workload, a wide variety of materials are needed and a large amount of construction activities are required. The management of all these construction links and the resources used are in place. It is conceivable that the management of construction projects is complex and arduous, and these are only two aspects of production management and material management in project management.
(3) Constrained project management must conform to the inherent law of gradual progress from preparation to completion acceptance. Therefore, the management of construction projects should not only meet the requirements of relevant norms and regulations of construction projects, but also cooperate with each other and arrange in an orderly manner.
(4) The information flow is large. Like material and energy, information is an important resource for social and economic development. Any management activity is inseparable from the processing of some information. The management activities in all aspects of construction projects are not isolated, but there are interdependent and mutually restrictive links between them. Therefore, information needs to be exchanged and transmitted between management activities, and the complexity and heaviness of construction project management directly determine the characteristics of complex and frequent information flow in the process of project management.
However, in the traditional construction project management mode, the storage of all kinds of project information is mainly based on paper forms such as tables or documents, and the processing and arrangement of information are completely completed by a large number of manual calculations. The exchange of information mostly depends on manual transmission or even oral transmission between people, and the retrieval of information depends entirely on reading and viewing documents. Information moves slowly from generation, sorting, processing, transmission to retrieval and utilization, which easily affects the timely display of information and causes mistakes in project management. With the continuous expansion of the scale of modern engineering construction projects, the difficulty and quality requirements of construction technology are constantly improving, the amount of information of various departments and units is constantly expanding, and the exchange and transmission of information is becoming more and more frequent, and the complexity and difficulty of construction project management are becoming more and more prominent.
It can be seen that the traditional project management mode obviously limits the sustainable survival and development ability of construction enterprises in the fierce competition environment of market economy in terms of speed, reliability and economic feasibility. In recent years, some powerful construction units (such as China Construction No.1 Bureau, No.4 Company, China Construction No.2 Bureau, No.1 Company, etc. ) has taken the lead in applying advanced computer technology to assist project participants in some project management work. For example, professional budgeters use budget software to prepare construction budget, production planners use network planning software to arrange construction progress, and technical librarians use AutoCAD drawing software to draw as-built drawings and so on.
Through the use of these softwares, the quality and efficiency of construction project management have been significantly improved. On the one hand, this shows the necessity of applying information technology in building construction. On the other hand, the working mode of single machine and single household for each participant will inevitably lead to data information not being enjoyed by participants. Frequent information exchange and transmission and repeated information collection and processing are exactly the same as the traditional project management model. In addition, due to the different data standards used by each software, the integrity and consistency of information cannot be guaranteed, and it is difficult to extract comprehensive information for decision-making. It can be seen that the application of computer technology by the construction unit is not bad, but it is not enough. It should be noted that the information management of construction projects not only refers to the use of computers in the internal management of construction projects, but also has broader and deeper connotations.
First of all, based on the possibility provided by information technology, it efficiently collects, processes, transmits and enjoys all the information that needs to be processed in the management process, and reduces the repeated information processing between departments. The information enjoyed by * * * provides a reliable basis for project management services and project decision-making. Secondly, make the control of supervision and inspection and information feedback more timely and effective. According to the planning experience of existing projects, make the planning work represented by production plan and material plan more advanced and reasonable, make the organization of construction activities and project management activities more scientific, correctly guide the development of project management activities and improve the automation level of construction management.
The above is the content of "Information Management and Construction of Construction Projects" compiled by Zhong Da Consulting. For more information about construction engineering information management and construction, you can pay attention to the official account of Zhong Da Consulting, Building Link or Zhong Da Consulting WeChat in real time.
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