Summary of School-based Research 1 I have worked very hard this semester, in order to improve my education and teaching level, strengthen my professional ability, improve my comprehensive quality and improve myself in all aspects. In order to better carry out the future work, I will summarize the school-based research work this semester as follows:
First, strengthen theoretical study and improve ideological understanding.
At the beginning of school, I learned the importance of school-based research by studying the spirit of the documents, participated in the knowledge training of school-based research, and further understood the significance, methods, ways and functions of school-based research to change itself.
Concept, improve the understanding of research work. In order to make my research work planned and effective, I made a personal research plan.
Second, actively participate in school-based training activities and teaching and research group activities to enhance their professional knowledge.
Every Wednesday is the school-based training time in our school. I always insist on attending on time and taking notes during the activities. In school-based training activities, we have further improved our understanding and knowledge of new teaching concepts and methods by studying topics such as New Understanding of Preparing Lessons, How to Write after Teaching Reflection and New Chinese Curriculum Standard. Through the training of computer technology, the ability to use computer technology in class has been improved; In the activities of the teaching and research group, I actively participated in various special study and discussion activities, boldly expressed my opinions, carefully filled out the personal training manual, and strived to gain something from the training. Actively participating in the evaluation activities organized by the school can learn more from others' strengths and improve their teaching level.
Third, participate in various training modes to improve their own quality in an all-round way.
1, actively participate in online training, see more colleagues' understanding and thinking about classroom teaching reform, and comment on topics of interest to them, communicate with bloggers in time, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, and let themselves know the outside world more timely.
2. Autonomous learning mode. Learn teaching theory, write four teaching reflections every month, find out your own shortcomings in a certain aspect, and then make a self-training plan and implement it to make up for your own shortcomings and improve your ability.
Fourth, actively participate in all kinds of training and study arranged by the school to improve their teaching and research ability.
According to the arrangement of the school, I participated in the "New Ideas and New Courses" organized by the province, actively signed up for the 20xx annual online national training study-"New Curriculum Standard Education and Teaching Ability", and actively subscribed to a book related to teaching. Through these activities, I learned advanced teaching experience and improved my professional knowledge.
Fifth, the training content is rich and colorful.
1, strengthen the study of teachers' morality and style, and make yourself a qualified people's teacher. Teaching and educating people is based on teachers' morality. In the learning activities of rectifying teachers' morality, we should conscientiously study the Code of Professional Ethics for Primary and Secondary School Teachers and the "eight prohibitions" and "six regulations" stipulated by the central government, and combine the education of teachers' morality with various school activities, so as to be law-abiding, dedicated, self-respecting, enterprising and innovative, become a model for teaching and educating people, and become a good teacher satisfied with students, parents and society.
2. Research on the new curriculum concept. This semester, we will continue to study, practice and verify the new curriculum concept as the key task of teacher training. Strengthen general learning, how to infiltrate the concept of new curriculum reform, how to implement three-dimensional goals, what teaching strategies to use, and so on; According to teaching practice, reflect on how to adjust teaching strategies; After class, we should reflect on what achievements we have made in this class, what teaching strategies we have used, what successes we have, and so on, so as to help teachers find out the advantages and innovations of classroom teaching, find out the existing problems and shortcomings, and capture the educational ideas hidden behind the teaching behavior.
3. Strengthen basic skills training and strive to improve professional quality. Use spare time to practice teachers' basic skills, hand in teaching notes 10 pages to the school every month, and reflect on education and teaching 4 times.
In short, school-based training has played a great role in promoting my development, helping me to update my education and teaching concepts, learn to learn, learn to reflect, learn to grow and learn to enrich myself. In the future work, I will study hard, be determined to innovate, seek novelty and change, put new ideas and new ideas into teaching, and let the teaching work go up a storey still higher.
Summary of school-based research work Part II 1. Leaders pay attention to it and ensure that it is implemented in place.
1. Organization guarantee. Establishing a sound organization is the guarantee for the effective implementation of school-based training. The center has set up a school-based training leading group with the director as the leader, the deputy director and the trade union chairman as the deputy heads, and three ministers as members. According to the actual characteristics of school-based teaching and research, the Youth Activity Center has established a school-based work operation mechanism of "director's decision-making-deputy director's specific responsibility-minister's relevant leadership implementation-teacher group implementation". The leading group is responsible for division of labor, implementation of responsibilities, making plans, holding regular school-based teaching and research meetings, studying school-based training, carrying out teacher training activities in a planned and organized way, doing a good job in inspection and evaluation, and implementing the task of school-based training. School-based training in our school has been institutionalized, scientific and sustainable.
2. Time guarantee. We have regular school-based training on Mondays and Thursdays. On the one hand, organize teachers to study national policies and regulations and other documents, and constantly strengthen the construction of teachers' own professional ethics; On the one hand, I participated in the "off-campus video conference" organized by China Off-campus Education Network, communicated with excellent off-campus places in China, and discussed off-campus development.
3. Special funds shall be guaranteed. Ensuring investment is the key to the smooth implementation of school-based training. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of teacher training, we have purchased more than 100 related off-campus training books, more than 20 newspapers and magazines, and some audio-visual materials for teachers. The center won 300,000 yuan for purchasing teaching equipment to improve and increase the demand for off-campus venues; Retraining and strengthening the teaching staff; Redevelop and innovate training programs and comprehensive practical activities; We won 800,000 yuan for the "off-campus venue capacity improvement project" to transform the ground, transform the indoor bathroom, decorate the functional classroom and update the corridor culture construction. This year, teachers spent more than 5,000 yuan on training exchanges, which provided a strong guarantee for the development of school-based training.
Second, improve the system and implement training.
The school pays attention to the management of school-based training process, and all kinds of teacher training files are complete and standardized. A series of systems such as long-term school-based research plan, research work plan of youth activity center and teacher training plan have been formulated. Incorporate the training plan into the semester work plan and formulate the annual school-based teaching and research management implementation plan as a necessary condition for teachers' evaluation, evaluation first, annual assessment, post appointment and promotion.
School-based training of activity center adheres to "people-oriented", highlights the characteristics of pertinence and flexibility, and meets the professional and personalized development of teachers. Teachers' school-based training is mainly carried out in the following aspects:
1. Do a good job in the education and training of teachers' morality. Teaching and educating people, being a teacher is a teacher's criterion. Teachers' teaching is not only to impart cultural knowledge to students, but also to shape people's souls. No matter what, teachers are required to have profound knowledge and noble ethics in addition to rich, appropriate and effective educational methods and skills. Therefore, on the one hand, the activity center organizes teachers to learn relevant laws and regulations, further improves teachers' theoretical literacy, and achieves law-abiding knowledge; On the one hand, taking activities as the carrier, teachers are educated in political and ideological education, mental health education, legal education and professional ethics, which improves their ideological quality.
2. Training of young teachers
The cultivation of young teachers is related to the present and future of the center. Therefore, in school-based training, we pay attention to the on-the-job training of young teachers. On the one hand, we send young teachers to participate in national off-campus professional training to improve their professional skills and better adapt to off-campus professional development; On the one hand, exercise and train the ability of activity planning and organization at work, so that young teachers outside the school can adapt to the planning, organization and development of various activities.
3. backbone training.
Formulate the training plan for famous teachers, determine the training objectives, contents and measures, and form an environment and mechanism for outstanding talents to stand out. In the process of all-staff training, middle-level and above cadres, reserve cadres and backbone teachers will be further trained by the relevant departments of the teachers' training school to improve their political and professional quality and give full play to their backbone and demonstration role in school-based training.
Third, adhere to flexible and diverse training methods.
Flexible and diverse training methods are the platform for the all-round development of school-based training.
In the work of "school-based training", the principles of individual study reflection, peer exchange and discussion and expert guidance are advocated. Proceeding from reality, according to the structural characteristics of off-campus teachers, we have explored and summarized some flexible and effective training methods and approaches:
1. Project research-driven training.
Research school is one of the main ideas of the center. We have always attached great importance to the research of extracurricular activities to promote teacher training. Every teacher studies extracurricular activities, such as children's talent competition, science and technology festival, double ninth festival, folk arts and crafts entering the campus, etc. , thus enriching activities, improving the quality of activities and promoting the growth of teachers.
2. Go out for study and training.
He has a good stone on Fangshan, which can be used to cut jade. It is our practice for many years to fully learn from other people's experience in running schools, learn the advanced education and teaching concepts of brothers' off-campus places, and promote the overall improvement of the quality of off-campus teachers in Luobei County. The center has three teachers' representatives from sports, psychological education, information technology and other disciplines to participate in the national off-campus professional training; The center organizes teachers to visit and study in various activity centers in the province. In order to improve learning efficiency, a report system for studying abroad was established. Advanced school-running ideas, ideas, experiences and latest information radiate from individuals and parts to the whole, so as to maximize learning benefits.
3. Individual training plus group training.
Personal training is one of the main forms of school-based training, and the center encourages teachers to carry out self-training First, provide each teacher with off-campus education and teaching books, such as "Walking with Research and Practice" and "Exploration and Reflection". "Interesting Science and Technology Innovation Experiment" and "Let's Go"
Into the colorful world, creative computer art, primary and secondary and language expression. It also advocates teachers to read e-books through the Internet, take notes while reading, and realize while reading, and sublimate their educational feelings and improve their theoretical level through independent learning. Secondly, in order to solve the limitation of teachers' limited vision and advanced ideas, the center adopts the way of "please come in and go out" to help teachers improve their level. This year, the center invited Professor Zhao Qingfu from Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences to the Luobei Youth Activity Center to guide the research in the off-campus field. After listening to Professor Zhao Qingfu's lectures, all teachers have a clear understanding of the development trend of education and teaching reform, understand the new trend of off-campus education and scientific research, update their concepts, and gradually develop the habit of using theory to solve practical problems; Through the exchange activities of the Brother Activity Center, * * * will study the development of off-campus education, exchange successful work experience and further talk about the healthy development of off-campus in the future.
4. Education resource training
Actively carry out the activity of "learning from Zhang Lili, the most beautiful teacher" and watch the revelation of teachers' morality. Each teacher writes down his own learning experience and puts it on the school poster for all students, teachers and parents to browse and read. The development of this activity greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of teachers. Actively browse the national off-campus websites, learn the experience of running schools outside the country, learn the new ideas, new ideas and new methods of famous teachers and experts outside the school, let the words and deeds of famous teachers influence themselves and improve their educational literacy.
5. Strengthen basic skills training
On the one hand, three basic methods are used to train teachers' basic skills.
(1) The Center regards the public welfare popularization project as routine training, which is mainly practiced repeatedly in the form of self-study and self-training, and further studied and improved in specific training. Now, in the "three rural" activities, every off-campus teacher can undertake a professional popularization course training or off-campus interest training for township students.
(2) Planning, organization and management of activities.
After-school work should be based on activities, so that minors can get healthy physical and mental development. The activity center focuses on cultivating teachers' ability to plan, organize and manage activities. The activity center organizes more than ten large-scale projects every year, during which the teachers get great exercise. So far, teachers can not only plan meaningful activities according to the actual situation outside the school, but also organize activities, in which all positions can be managed in place, making all the large-scale activities organized by us since its establishment five years ago very successful.
(3) Write an activity case analysis.
The activity center not only pays attention to the planning, organization and management training of activities, but also pays attention to the research of activity cases.
We temper teachers' basic skills through activities, and further improve teachers' ability to analyze and summarize through reflection after activities. Teachers' off-campus basic skills and research ability have been greatly improved, and the combination of school-based training and independent training has been realized. The center actively organizes teachers to carry out multi-level activities. The center builds a platform for teachers and organizes various activities, so that teachers can fully display themselves, gain a sense of value and put more enthusiasm and energy into training. Through a series of training activities, off-campus teachers have gained a lot, publishing 5 national papers and reporting cases 12, experience materials and research reports to the off-campus forum of China Yearbook. In the national exhibition of outstanding achievements in off-campus places, 3 articles were reported.
Fourth, the training results.
Over the past year, the center teachers have displayed five county-level excellent courses and two courses integrating subject teaching and information technology in classroom teaching activities; All kinds of outstanding teachers: 1 person, 2 advanced educators, 2 advanced individuals studying in the county, 2 advanced individuals studying in the county, outstanding teachers in the city 1 person, outstanding teachers in the city 1 person, advanced educators in the city 1 person, advanced individuals in the province 1 person. Three people were rated as excellent instructors of various activities at the national, provincial and municipal levels.
The Art and Sports Department of the Activity Center has successively won the honorary titles of "Advanced Teaching and Research Group for School-based Research", Advanced Collective for Teacher's Ethics Assessment in Education System, Special Contribution Unit of Education System, Home of Advanced Workers, "Striving for the First, Giving Priority to the Collective" and "National County (District) Model Youth Activity Center". The superior leaders visited and guided the school many times, and fully affirmed and spoke highly of the activities and training organized outside Luobei.
Of course, apart from some achievements, there are still some shortcomings in this training activity.
1, the concept needs to be changed and the ideological understanding needs to be further improved. Some teachers are not serious and do not finish the training tasks and homework on time, even if they finish, they are forced.
2. Blog training needs to be completed. "Blog training" is an important part of training and a favorable way to improve teachers' professional quality. However, we find that individual teachers regard "blog training" as a burden.
3. The teachers are weak. At present, off-campus in-service teachers lack professional teachers and professional training.
In the future work, we will further improve the comprehensive quality of off-campus teachers through school-based training, build an excellent off-campus teacher team, and better implement the school-running purpose of "serving teenagers, parents, schools and society".
School-based research summarizes the 20xx academic year. Guided by Several Opinions on School-based Research in Chongming County during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, our school has made great efforts to explore school-based research with the goal of improving teachers' teaching practice ability and educational research ability, implementing the spirit of "Two Cardinals" and the goal of "the second phase of curriculum reform", highlighting the connotation construction of the school. The details are as follows:
First, attach great importance to and improve the mechanism.
Our school has established the "Changming Middle School School-based Research Leading Group", and established a research network with the principal as the first responsible person, the director of the research office as the specific person in charge, the middle managers of all lines as the implementers, and the teachers as the actual participants. Comprehensively formulate a five-year school-based research plan, mobilize all teachers to participate in school-based research activities, standardize all aspects of research activities, achieve the organic combination of process evaluation and summative evaluation, and effectively mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of teachers to participate.
Second, the specific work and achievements
1, theoretical study, planning and development
According to the 11th Five-Year Plan of school-based training for teachers in Changming Middle School, we call the 20xx school year "the year of teachers' morality", strengthen theoretical study and pay attention to teachers' morality cultivation.
The school stipulates that a large group of political studies will be arranged every two weeks, and teachers will be organized to study the teacher learning materials published in magazines such as Ideological and Theoretical Education. Watch the video materials of teachers' morality education; Special exchange meeting on teachers' morality cultivation, etc. You are required to take study notes and hand them in at the end of each semester. While organizing study, we also carried out other activities to improve teachers' morality. Such as: the speech contest of teachers' morality, the solicitation of "short stories about teachers' morality" (digging up unknown stories about teachers' morality around them), the activity of "respecting and loving the elderly" and visiting the martyrs' cemetery.
Teachers are required to make a personal three-year development plan according to the school's three-year development plan, combined with their own professional situation and practical problems, and further clarify their own development goals and directions.
This year, our school organized mass reading activities in combination with school-based research activities. And through collective communication, teachers have learned something to think and learn, and gradually formed a good habit of reading.
Through school-based research, teachers' professional ethics and level have been effectively improved, and the overall quality of school teachers has been improved.
2, based on reality, pay attention to actual effect.
This year, our school took the "862" lecture evaluation as the carrier, actively and effectively used network resources, strengthened professional training for teachers, and carefully watched the theoretical lectures, the first demonstration class and the second observation class of all-staff training.
Through the monthly meeting system of teaching and research team leader, class teacher and lesson preparation team leader, the content of stage training has been effectively implemented. Taking the grade group and the teaching and research group as the unit, a series of research activities are carried out regularly through special study, participatory discussion, observation and discussion, and experience exchange. With the teaching and research group as the unit and the selection of excellent teaching and research groups as the starting point, we will focus on studying the new curriculum standards, syllabuses of various disciplines and related theoretical knowledge. Teaching and research groups often arrange open teaching and research courses and conduct case studies, making the course evaluation process a teaching and research resource.
The administrative team of the school attends the lectures given by teachers in class, then talks with the lecturers, listens to their lectures, and evaluates and diagnoses their lectures.
Carry out activities to show the teaching style of young teachers. April1June-May 23, a week-long grand prix was held to show the teaching style of young teachers. The competition mainly focused on classroom teaching. The theme of the activity is "the integration of information technology and classroom teaching", which requires that public classes must use multimedia.
The school also invited Gong, vice president and director of the teaching and research section of Chongming County Continuing Education School, to give a special report on "Preparing Lessons, Listening and Teaching Evaluation under the Background of the New Curriculum", which was enthusiastic and vivid, with detailed contents and vivid examples, and gave the teacher a good lesson.
In the xx academic year, our school invited the R&D department and the evaluation center of further education schools to come to our school to conduct an all-round and three-dimensional teaching survey of all subjects in our school, evaluate Chinese, mathematics and foreign language teachers, and point out the problems existing in our school's teaching through the teaching and evaluation of experts.
3. Scientific research leading and practical reflection.
According to the characteristics of school teachers and the needs of teaching and scientific research, experts from the district teaching department were hired to give special lectures on the declaration of scientific research projects and the writing of papers in our school, which created a good teaching and scientific research atmosphere.
We have improved the scientific research reward system, formulated the management and assessment methods for school teaching and research work, and formulated the reward methods for school teaching and research work. Regularly summarize and exchange the research results in stages, and turn the research results into teachers' educational and teaching practice in time.
Actively mobilize school teachers to participate in the third evaluation of teachers' teaching and research achievements organized by the county teaching department. Five articles won the third prize of the third evaluation of teachers' teaching and research achievements, and the school's teaching and research achievements have made great breakthroughs. The implementation of young teachers' subject declaration, publicity of young teachers' subject research declaration projects, guidance and screening of young teachers' subjects, and strict quality control.
The study and discussion activities on how to fill in all kinds of plans have been carried out, which has improved teachers' ability to design, organize and implement plans and reflect on records. Guide teachers to regularly write teaching reflection and educational narrative research reports, share educational wisdom and enhance educational realm through organizing forums, selecting excellent cases and other activities.
4, peer support, online training
Implement the "Blue Project" and focus on strengthening the training of young teachers aged 0-5. Through tutorial system training, that is, tutors pair up with young teachers, and adopt the way of "bringing the old with the new" to patiently guide young teachers from aspects of preparing lessons, attending classes, giving lectures, correcting homework, making propositions, counseling and papers.
This semester, our school also arranged for young teachers to serve as deputy head teachers in each class, so that they can learn teaching methods from experienced old teachers and promote their improvement.
In order to show the teaching characteristics and elegant demeanor of backbone teachers and let them play a leading and radiating role, we have also carried out exchange and discussion activities for backbone teachers, fully tapped the exemplary and leading role of outstanding teachers in our school, and accelerated the transformation of new and young teachers into qualified teachers and backbone teachers.
Combined with the hot issues of education and teaching reform, aiming at the * * * problems and directional problems existing in school development, with the help of modern information technology and Chongming teacher training blog platform, a big discussion was held on the Internet. As far as periodicals are concerned, the group ranking of our school has always been among the best in the county. In my opinion, research blog plays an important role in exploring the teacher's process evaluation system, building a new school culture, creating a harmonious campus environment and promoting the development of school-based research.
5. Rich in content and diverse in forms.
A teacher in our school wrote in the training summary: From August 20 to 24, our school held a week-long 20xx summer teacher training, during which the training items mainly included: preparing lessons, attending classes and teaching evaluation under the background of the new curriculum; Selection of educational research topics and scheme design; Exchange of award-winning papers on education and scientific research; Advanced teachers' morality exchange meeting; Students' psychological characteristics and teachers' psychological counseling: input China classic figures; Look at the textbook of the 862 project ... and so on, which can be described as diverse in form and rich in content.
Why are teachers so familiar with the training content? Mainly, we give full play to each teacher's sense of ownership and participation. As far as this summer training is concerned, most of the contents need the cooperation and participation of teachers to complete. Such as: exchange of award-winning papers in education and scientific research; Senior teachers' ethics exchange meetings and teaching seminars are all played by teachers themselves. How can they not care?
Third, the existing problems
School-based research is a new teacher training activity, which not only has its autonomy and flexibility, but also its immaturity determines that schools will encounter many puzzles and problems in the process of implementation and exploration.
1, in the process of learning theory, if there is no supporting activities or measures, its effectiveness is doubtful. Some activities are a mere formality. These teachers think that school-based training is just a formality, and their enthusiasm and initiative are not high, which leads to some activities that cannot achieve their due results because of their poor participation.
2. The contents and methods of school-based training need to be explored and improved. For example, there is a lack of seminars on teachers' daily work in training activities.
3. The development of teaching staff is uneven, and it is difficult for middle-aged and elderly teachers to adapt quickly.
Fourth, the next stage of thinking:
1, put the effectiveness of school-based research in the first place.
We will continue to strengthen front-line guidance and research, proceed from reality, focus on weak problems and problems around teachers, strengthen discussion, enhance interactive research and improve actual results.
2. Make full use of all resources of school-based research.
In the training process, it is necessary to provide a series of theoretical reference materials, cases, courseware, etc. For trainers and trainees, the training database should be further established and improved in the implementation. Further strengthen the interaction between teachers and maximize the enjoyment of resources.
3. Further strengthen and improve the management mechanism of school-based research.
Pay more attention to teachers' learning and reflection, and improve each teacher's "personal growth file"; Implement the three-year development plan for teachers; Provide each teacher with space and opportunities for independent development; Improve the evaluation and assessment management mechanism. Make school-based research truly show the characteristics of our school and run an education that satisfies the people on the island.
As a teacher, you need to keep learning to adapt to the new requirements of society. Under the guidance of the new curriculum concept, combined with our school-based research plan, according to our own work practice, in order to promote our future work to a new level, the personal school-based research work in this issue is summarized as follows:
First, I can take part in school-based training activities on time, keep records, write my experiences carefully, constantly enrich myself in my study and improve my theoretical literacy.
1. Carry out classroom teaching research to improve the quality of classroom teaching. Seriously carry out efficient classroom activities and be strict with yourself. After each class, I will discuss and analyze with other teachers, learn from each other's strengths and express my opinions. Let yourself become mature, inject more vitality into the classroom and get more benefits.
2. Peer help each other and enjoy the growing experience in * * *. Peer assistance is the symbol and soul of training. In training activities, we should open ourselves while reflecting, strengthen professional exchanges, coordination and cooperation among teachers, and share experiences.
3. Actively listen to classroom evaluation and discussion, sum up advantages, find shortcomings, and gradually improve, so as to make yourself mature, inject more vitality into the classroom, and achieve greater benefits.
Second, participate in various training modes to improve their own quality in an all-round way.
1. Take an active part in various training activities, listen carefully to the guidance of experts, see more colleagues' understanding and thinking about classroom teaching reform, comment on topics you are interested in, communicate with you in time, broaden your horizons, and let you know the outside world more timely.
2. Actively participate in online training, see more colleagues' understanding and thinking about classroom teaching reform, and comment on topics of interest to them, communicate with bloggers in time, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, and let themselves know the outside world more timely.
3. Autonomous learning mode. I study teaching theory, reflect on myself, find out my own shortcomings, and then make plans and implement them to make up for my shortcomings and improve my ability.
4. Research on the new curriculum concept. This semester, we will continue to study, practice and verify the new curriculum concept as the key task of teacher training. Strengthen general study, so as to reflect on the differences between new and old textbooks, how to infiltrate the concept of new curriculum reform, how to implement three-dimensional goals, and what teaching strategies to use before class.
Third, the training content is rich and colorful.
1, strengthen the cultivation of teachers' morality. Teaching and educating people, based on teachers' morality, be law-abiding, love their jobs and be a model, have self-respect, self-discipline, be honest in teaching, unite and cooperate, be proactive, be brave in innovation, and strive to be a good teacher who satisfies students, parents and society.
2. Research on the new curriculum concept. This semester, I continue to take the study, practice and verification of the new curriculum concept as the key task of teacher training. In the classroom, according to teaching practice, reflect on how to adjust teaching strategies; After class, I reflect on what I have achieved in this class, what teaching strategies I have used, what successes I have, and so on. And look for the advantages and innovations, problems and shortcomings of classroom teaching, and capture the educational ideas hidden behind the teaching behavior.
In short, at work, there are gains and puzzles. Through personal training, my business ability and work experience have been greatly improved. In my future work, I will study harder and devote my life to this most glorious educational cause without regrets.