1, Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC) is the third dynasty in the history of China after the Shang Dynasty.
Zhou is also the creator and original referent of the word "Huaxia". There were 37 kings in the 30 generations of the Zhou Dynasty, which was about 79 1 year.
The Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-77 1) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256).
The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded in Ji Fa, Zhou Wuwang, with Haojing (Zhou Zong) as the capital (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi) and Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan) as the capital of Zhou Chengwang in five years.
In 770 BC (the first year of Zhou Pingwang), Pingdong moved its capital to Luoyi (Chengzhou) (now Luoyang, Henan), and the Zhou Dynasty in this period was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. History books often refer to the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties as two weeks.
2. Qin dynasty
The Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China, which was developed by the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. Fei Da, the ancestor of the Qin people, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and was given the surname of Won. When he was in Qin Mugong, he was a wise man, coachable was modest, destroyed twelve countries, traveled thousands of miles, and became increasingly powerful.
36 1 year ago, Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne and reused Shang Yang's two political reforms, which made Qin's economy develop and the combat effectiveness of the army continuously strengthened, and developed into the most prosperous vassal state at the end of the Warring States Period.
Qin destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, and completed the great cause of reunification. 22 1 years ago, the king of Qin proclaimed himself emperor, which was called "Qin Shihuang" in history. The Qin Dynasty set up three officials and nine ministers in the central government to manage state affairs.
Partially abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system; Implement books in the same language, cars in the same track and unified measurement. Attack the Huns in the north, conquer hundreds of places in the south, build the Great Wall to repel foreign enemies, and dig Lingqu to connect the water system.
The establishment of centralization laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and laid the ruling foundation of China's unified dynasty, so it was called "the implementation of Qin politics and law in past dynasties".
The Qin Dynasty ended the 500-year-old warlord regime since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first multi-ethnic centralized country in China's history. ?
This has had a profound impact on the history of China. Before 2 10, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province) during his cruise. His son Hu Hai acceded to the throne as Qin Ershi.
Although the Qin dynasty had a great influence in history, it abused the people's power and was unified for only ten years. In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Guangwu cut wood into enemy weapons, rose up and the whole world responded. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought against Qin in Jianghuai. Before 207, Qin died.
3. Han dynasty
The Han Dynasty (202- 8 years before, 23-220 years before) was a unified dynasty after Qin Dynasty, which was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. It lasted 29 emperors and enjoyed the country for 407 years. Because the royal family is surnamed Liu, it is also called Liu Han, which is one of the most prosperous times in China. ?
There was chaos in the world at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Liu Bang overthrew the Qin Dynasty, he was named Hanwang. In 202 BC, after the victory of the Chu-Han dispute, he proclaimed himself emperor and established the Han Dynasty, with Chang 'an as his capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han carried out the national recuperation policy and founded "cultural landscape governance"; After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he opened up the Silk Road, expanded his territory and realized the "prosperous period of Hanwu".
In the Han dynasty, the national strength reached its peak, which was called "filial piety and rejuvenation" in history. In 8 AD, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang abolished the emperor and made Chang 'an his capital, which was called the New Dynasty in history and the Western Han Dynasty perished.
In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor and established the Eastern Han Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital. After unifying the world, withdrawing troops to fight and supporting the people is called "Guangxu Zhongxing" in history. Emperor Han Ming and Fu, who followed the frivolous, initiated the "rule of Zhang Ming".
After the Han and Emperor succeeded to the throne, they broke the northern Xiongnu and recovered the western regions, creating an "eternal prosperity", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.
The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out in A.D. 184, which quelled civil strife but led to local self-respect. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished. Later, Liu Bei established Shu Han to continue the Han Dynasty, and China entered the Three Kingdoms period.
4. Three countries
The Three Kingdoms (220-280) is a historical period connecting the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, which is divided into three regimes: Cao Wei, Shu Han and Dongwu. Battle of Red Cliffs and Cao Cao were defeated by Sun Liu's allied forces, which laid the rudiment of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.
In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Wei" and the history of Cao Wei, and the history of the Three Kingdoms officially began. The following year, Liu Bei continued the Han Dynasty in Chengdu, known as Shu Han in history. In 222, Liu Bei lost the battle of Yiling, and Sun Quan won most of Jingzhou.
When Liu Bei died in 223, Zhuge Liang helped Liu Chan, the son of Liu Bei, reunite with Sun Quan. In 229, Sun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was formally established, known as Wu in history.
In the following decades, Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei of Shu Han led troops to the northern expedition of Cao Wei many times, but they never changed the pattern of tripartite confrontation. The real power in the late Cao Wei period was gradually controlled by Sima Yi.
In 263, Si Mazhao of Cao Wei launched the war to destroy Shu, and Shu Han perished. Two years later, Si Mazhao died, and his son Sima Yan abandoned Emperor Wei Yuan to stand on his own feet. The founding name is "Jin", which is called the Western Jin Dynasty in history. In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Soochow and unified China, thus ending the Three Kingdoms period and entering the Jin Dynasty.
5. Jin Dynasty
The Jin Dynasty (266-420), a dynasty in the history of China, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in which the Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in the history of China and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties. The Jin Dynasty spread to the fifteenth emperor, 155, * * *.
In 266 AD, he usurped Wei, established Luoyang as its capital, and gained the title of Gold. Historically known as the Western Jin Dynasty, Wu was destroyed in 280 A.D. and unified. After the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia Disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed by barbarians in the north, and there was chaos in the north, which was called five chaos in history.
In 3 17, Jinshi moved south, and Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty under Jianye, which made many northern expeditions. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty.
During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan area. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
6. Northern and Southern Dynasties
The Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) are the general names of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were a period of great division in the history of China, and also a period of great national integration in the history of China. It is the link between the sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, which began with the establishment of the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD and ended in 589 AD. ..
7. Sui Dynasty
In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated to Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing (now Shaanxi An). In 589 AD, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
In 605 AD, after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yuwen Kai was ordered to build Luoyang as the eastern capital, and in 606, he moved the capital to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan). During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the people's livelihood was rich, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the politics was clear, which created a prosperous situation of ruling the emperor.
During the reign of Yang Di in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built, but the excessive consumption of national strength led to the rebellion of the people and nobles at the end of Sui Dynasty. In 6 18, Yu Wenhuaji and others launched a mutiny and killed the emperor Yang Di.
Emperor Yangdi You Yang abdicated and established the Tang Dynasty. In 6 19, Yang Dong, the king's emperor, was also abolished, and the Sui Dynasty perished, which lasted for 38 years.
8. Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) was a unified dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, which experienced 2/kloc-0 emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years. Because the royal family surnamed Li, it was called Li, which was recognized as one of the powerful dynasties in China in later generations.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world was in harmony. In 6 17, Tang Guogong Li Yuan set out for Jinyang and proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an the following year. Emperor Taizong advocated the rule of chastity after he ascended the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.
In 690, Wu Zetian took the Zhou Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty as the capital and Luoyang as the historical name. In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern and created a prosperous new century in which all ethnic groups came to Korea.
At the end of Tianbao, the national population reached 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, the power of vassals and eunuchs gradually declined, and in the middle and late period, the power of governing the country gradually increased through Tang Xianzong Yuanhe Zhongxing, Tang Wuzong Huichang Zhongxing and Tang Xuanzong Dazhong. The Huang Chao Uprising broke out at the end of the period, which destroyed the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty perished.
9. Wu Zhou
The Zhou Dynasty (690-705) was founded by Wu Zetian, who named it Wu Zhou in order to distinguish it from the Zhou Dynasty before the Qin Dynasty in history. Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China.
Officially in power for 23 years. If Wu Zetian was in power in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (660), it would last for 45 years until the restoration of the bell in the first year of Shenlong (705).
10, Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty (960- 1279) was a dynasty in China's history that inherited five dynasties and ten countries and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. It is divided into two stages: Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. It lasted eighteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 319 years.
In 960, the generals of the later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and established Songzhou as the emperor of German Zhao Kuangyin, thus establishing the Song Dynasty. In order to avoid the chaos of the regime and eunuch's authoritarian power in the late Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and restraining military power, strengthened centralization and deprived military commanders of their military power.
After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, the whole country was unified, and after forming a single-source alliance with Liao, he gradually stepped into the rule of the world. 1 125, the state of Jin invaded the south on a large scale, which led to the shame of Jingkang and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, King of Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and established the Southern Song Dynasty.
After the Shaoxing peace talks, the Qin Mausoleum-Huaihe River was the boundary with the State of Jin, which was jointly destroyed by Mongolia in 1234, song and yuan war broke out in 1235, Lin 'an was captured by the Yuan Dynasty in 1276, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished after the sea battle at Yashan.
1 1, Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty established by Mongols (127 1 year-1368) was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of China. The capital metropolis (now Beijing) experienced five emperors and eleven emperors, which lasted for 98 years.
12, Ming dynasty
The Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) was a unified dynasty established by the Han nationality, passed down to sixteen emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.
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