As we all know, "quality is the life of an enterprise". Only with first-class quality can there be a broad market. How to improve the quality of products will be an eternal topic for every enterprise.
First of all, we must close the raw materials and strictly prevent defective products from entering the warehouse and entering the production line.
The first level: procurement (responsible department: procurement, quality control)
Purchasing personnel need to select qualified suppliers to ensure that the purchased materials meet the requirements. Quality control personnel assist in purchasing and urge suppliers to improve quality. After the materials arrive, the quality should be strictly controlled. Only qualified products can be put into storage.
Level 2: storage of materials (responsible department: storage department)
The storage of materials is also very important in quality management, and material defects caused by improper handling and storage often occur. All warehouse managers must follow the principle of emphasizing the lower and neglecting the upper. We also need to do some work of "dust prevention, moisture prevention, sun protection, rust prevention, etc." and check the materials irregularly. Ensure the quality of material storage.
The third level: manufacturing production (responsible department: manufacturing production department)
After the material enters the production line, it is necessary to avoid poor operation of the material due to improper operation or use. Require mutual inspection, mutual inspection and random inspection of all paragraphs. Finished products need quality inspection, and qualified products can be put into storage for sale.
The fourth level: product transportation (responsible department: logistics)
Why put the transportation of products in quality management? Because of improper transportation, the product will also be damaged. Therefore, the logistics department must choose a qualified and reputable logistics company for transportation. (In other enterprises, after-sales service is also included in the scope of quality management). In fact, as long as all departments in the enterprise perform their duties, supervise each other and everyone participates in quality management, I believe that the product quality will be greatly improved and the enterprise will flourish.
Second, improve production efficiency.
For enterprises, devoting themselves to improving productivity can reduce costs and bear the pressure of price competition, thus gaining more market share. If the price remains the same, the improvement of enterprise productivity means the increase of profit. Only with high productivity can enterprises be truly competitive and not be replaced by foreign competitors. The productivity of domestic printing and packaging enterprises is relatively low, so we should pay attention to the improvement of productivity and not put all our attention and funds into the market. Production is the basis of business. If there is no higher productivity as a guarantee, greater market share does not mean higher profits, which is not conducive to the long-term development of enterprises. Productivity is generally used to reflect the relationship between output and input in the production process, and it is only a relative measure.
General productivity is usually expressed by the following formula:
Productivity = total products and services produced/total resources consumed.
Considering the influence of many factors, total factor productivity must be adopted.
Productivity (TFP model) Calculated productivity: total factor productivity (TFP): (sales revenue+inventory change+original value added value of enterprises and equipment)/[(return on base assets) x (fixed capital+working capital)+(employee compensation and benefits)]
. In the TFP model, all parts must be measured in money, and the effective TFP value can only be obtained after adjustment according to the inflation rate.
Because all productivity calculations are flawed and TFP model is not sufficient, we must be cautious in practical application. In the TFP model, if the inventory increases rapidly, the TFP value will also increase accordingly, but enterprises may face the problem of product backlog. At this point, just looking at TFP value is easy to cause misunderstanding.
Productivity is of great significance to any enterprise organization. For profit-oriented enterprises, the improvement of productivity means the effective use of resources. The decline in productivity means that there is a problem in production. The operation department can determine the reasons for the decline of productivity by examining the factors that affect productivity, and make corresponding improvements accordingly to improve productivity.
There are many factors that affect productivity, including capital, methods, technology, quality, employee performance, corporate culture and so on. Among them, the main reasons why capital investment affects productivity are the investment of equipment and the utilization rate of equipment. Technical factors mainly refer to the application of technology. Only by fully applying technology can we give full play to its advantages. Employee's job performance mainly refers to employee's work ability and motivation. Corporate culture has always affected the productivity of an organization.
Other factors affecting productivity are:
1, working environment. Including materials, operation planning and design, machinery and equipment, lighting, temperature and humidity, environmental color, etc.
2. The degree of standardization of technological process. The higher the standardization of process flow, the higher the product quality and the higher the productivity.
3. Quality differences lead to distortion of productivity.
4. Scrap rate. The scrap rate indicates the effectiveness of resource utilization. Obviously, a high scrap rate means a waste of resources. The rework of products will also affect productivity.
5. Employee mobility. Frequent employee turnover is not conducive to cultivating employees' loyalty and cohesion to the enterprise. Newly recruited employees must adapt to the needs of the enterprise after a period of time. Moreover, the flow of employees may also lead to the leakage of technology and business conditions, which is not conducive to maintaining and improving the productivity of enterprises.
6. Employee incentive system. It directly affects productivity.
7. Staff training. Staff training is an effective way to continuously improve productivity.
8. Equipment failure. In the manufacturing industry, if the equipment is not maintained in time, it will seriously affect the productivity.
9. Application of Internet. The application of Internet can reduce costs and improve productivity. The above are just common factors that affect productivity, and many other factors will be involved in specific industries.
There are many ways for enterprises to improve productivity, but we must grasp the key factors to improve productivity according to the specific conditions of industries and enterprises.
1, investment
Investing in the most suitable equipment and technology can effectively improve productivity. New equipment and technology are one of the most effective ways to improve productivity. A large American insurance company invests 10%- 15% to improve its information technology, which can increase the productivity by 5% every year.
Step 2 eliminate bottlenecks
The production system is a whole, and the overall productivity is often determined by the bottleneck productivity. Improving any non-bottleneck productivity cannot improve the overall productivity of the system, but improving bottleneck productivity can improve the overall productivity. Only when the output rate of the bottleneck is equal to the sum of all the input output rates, the system is the most effective.
3. Quality management
The key to quality control is to implement source quality control, which requires that the work must be done well at one time, and if there is an error, the production of this process should be stopped immediately. Front-line employees are not only producers, but also quality supervisors. Because employees only pay attention to this part, it is easy to find quality problems, which is conducive to the improvement of the quantity. When printing and packaging enterprises produce packaging boxes, if the quality is not up to standard when printing, the front-line staff did not take out the unqualified printed pages in time, because the printed pages are difficult to check, they may not be detected. After delivery, it was detected when customers used it, which affected the relationship between enterprises and customers and caused great economic losses.
4.JIT production.
JIT (just-in-time) production is a combination of a series of production activities, and its purpose is to realize mass production of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products while keeping the inventory at the lowest level. In this process, the parts arrive at the next process on time, and are processed quickly in this process, and then transferred to the next process. The idea of JIT production is: only produce when necessary, and never overproduce. Anything that exceeds the minimum demand is a waste.
5, design the work of employees
Because the front-line work is relatively monotonous, employees' enthusiasm for production is generally not high, especially the assembly line work. Even if the salary is high, there is no guarantee of high productivity. We can improve employees' production enthusiasm and productivity by expanding work, deepening work, rotating work and team production.
6. Improve working methods
Improve productivity by improving the productivity of an operation or a group of operations, reducing costs and improving quality. Employees have a set of habitual action patterns when using machines, tools, materials and working methods, which directly affect productivity. We must reanalyze all employees' behaviors, delete unnecessary behaviors and correct wrong behaviors. When necessary, adopt a new and more efficient action mode to greatly improve production efficiency.
7. Staff training
Strengthen employee training, change employees' wrong understanding, reduce the probability of making mistakes, improve employees' knowledge level and technical ability, and effectively improve productivity. The cost of employee training is relatively low, but it can increase the productivity by about 6% every year.
8. Encourage employees
Enterprises can use team-oriented incentive compensation mechanism to effectively improve productivity. This mechanism emphasizes teamwork, and rewards individuals in the team according to their contribution to the team goals through careful evaluation. Managers must clearly encourage the improvement of productivity and encourage employees who make contributions, including economic incentives and non-economic incentives.
9. Manage the daily work of employees
Enterprises must manage daily production, arrange production reasonably, reduce time waste, improve the effective utilization of working hours, reduce equipment failure time, reduce idle assets, and maximize the efficiency of employees and capital.
10, corporate culture
Advocate the concept of improving productivity in corporate culture, so that all employees can form a strong awareness of improving productivity and work together to form a big environment for improving productivity. It is of great significance to improve productivity. Whoever has a low price of similar products will have a competitive advantage and win the order. In price competition, productivity is the foundation. It can be said that whoever improves the productivity will have the ultimate advantage in the price competition.