3. Movable cultural property as defined above includes articles belonging to the state or public institutions or private institutions or individuals. Since all these properties constitute an integral part of the cultural heritage of the countries concerned, although the solutions adopted may be different, the prevention and insurance of various risks such as damage, degradation and loss should be regarded as a whole.
4. The growing threat to movable cultural heritage should prompt all those responsible for protecting the heritage: the staff of national and local institutions responsible for protecting the cultural heritage, the heads of museums and similar institutions, private owners and religious buildings, art and antique dealers, security experts, people responsible for stopping crimes, customs officials and other relevant public authorities to do their best to play their roles.
5. The cooperation of the public is very important to achieve real and effective protection. Public and private institutions responsible for information, intelligence and teaching should strive to instill a general understanding of the importance, dangers and necessity of protecting cultural heritage.
6. Cultural property is easily degraded due to poor storage, exhibition, transportation and environmental conditions (unfavorable illumination, temperature, humidity and air pollution), which may have more serious consequences than accidental damage or accidental damage in the long run. Therefore, appropriate environmental conditions should be maintained to ensure the material safety of cultural property. The expert in charge should include information on the physical condition of the goods and suggestions on the necessary environmental conditions in the catalogue.
7. Risk prevention also requires the development of protection technologies, the restoration of factories and the installation of effective protection systems in museums and other institutions with movable cultural property. Every Member State should strive to ensure that the most appropriate measures are taken according to local conditions.
8. In some countries, crimes related to works of art and other cultural property have increased, most commonly related to cross-border fraudulent transfers. Theft and robbery are organized and massive. Savage acts of sabotage are also increasing. In order to combat these forms of criminal activities, whether organized or individual, strict control measures are needed. Since counterfeit products can be used for theft or exchange of counterfeit real products, measures must also be taken to prevent their circulation.
9. Protection and risk prevention are more important than compensation in case of damage or loss, because the fundamental purpose is to protect cultural heritage, rather than replacing irreplaceable items with a sum of money.
10. Risks caused by environmental changes, improper operation, improper packaging or other unfavorable conditions increase greatly during transportation and temporary exhibitions, so it is very important to provide appropriate insurance for damage or loss. The cost of risk insurance should be reduced through the reasonable management of insurance contracts by museums and other similar institutions or with the help of all or part of government guarantees.
3. Suggested measures
1 1. According to the above principles and norms, each member state should take all necessary steps according to its legislative and constitutional systems to effectively protect cultural movable property, especially in transportation, and should ensure that necessary preventive and protective measures are taken and the risks arising therefrom are insured.
Risk prevention measures
Museums and other similar institutions
12. Member States should take all necessary measures to ensure that cultural property in museums and other similar institutions is properly protected. In particular, they should:
(1) encourage to follow the methods specially developed for this purpose (standard cards, photos? If possible, color photos? And possible microfilms) to catalogue and classify the cultural property system as detailed as possible. This catalogue is useful when it is necessary to determine the damage and degradation of cultural property. With the help of these documents, we can provide necessary information to the national and international institutions responsible for dealing with theft, illegal trade and the circulation of counterfeit goods under the condition of taking all necessary preventive measures;
(2) Encourage standardized identification of cultural property by using prudent methods provided by contemporary technology as appropriate;
(3) urge museums and similar institutions to strengthen risk prevention through a comprehensive system including practical safety measures and technical facilities, and ensure the preservation, exhibition and transportation of all cultural properties, so as to protect them from all factors that may lead to their damage or destruction, especially including heat, brightness, humidity, pollution, various chemical and biological agents, vibration and vibration;
(4) Provide necessary funds to museums and similar institutions in charge to implement the measures specified in item (3) above;
(5) Take necessary measures to ensure that all work related to the protection of movable cultural property is carried out in accordance with traditional technologies and the most advanced scientific methods and technologies that are most suitable for specific cultural property; Therefore, an appropriate professional qualification training and examination system should be established to ensure that all relevant personnel have the required abilities. If necessary, facilities in this area should be strengthened or established. If appropriate, for economic reasons, it is suggested to set up a regional protection and restoration center;
(6) Provide appropriate training for auxiliary personnel (including security personnel), and formulate a code of conduct for these personnel, stipulating the criteria for them to perform their duties;
(7) Encourage the formal training of protection, preservation and safety personnel;
(8) Ensure that the staff of museums and similar institutions also receive necessary training so that they can effectively cooperate with the rescue activities carried out by the competent public institutions in case of disasters;
(9) Encourage the publication and dissemination of the latest scientific and technological information on the protection, preservation and safety of movable cultural property to the responsible person, and publish and disseminate it in a confidential form when necessary;
(10) Publish the operating standards of safety equipment in museums and public and private collections, and encourage the application of these standards.
13. Every effort should be made to avoid giving in to extortion demands, so as to prevent theft or illegal possession of movable cultural property for this purpose. Relevant personnel or institutions should study ways and means to make policies public.
Private collection
14. Member States should also promote the protection of private institutions or individuals' collections by:
(1) Invite the owners to compile a catalogue of their collections, deliver the catalogue to the official institutions responsible for the protection of cultural heritage, and open it to the researchers and technicians in charge of the official museums when necessary, so as to facilitate research and put forward suggestions on protection measures;
(2) If appropriate, provide incentives to all people, such as helping to protect listed items or appropriate financial measures;
(3) to study the possibility of giving economic benefits to those who donate or bequeath cultural property to museums or similar institutions;
(4) Entrust an official institution (museum authorities or police) to provide private owners with consulting services on safety facilities and other protective measures, including fire prevention. Movable cultural property located in religious buildings and archaeological sites
15. In order to ensure that movable property located in religious buildings and archaeological sites is properly preserved and protected from theft and robbery, Member States should encourage the construction of storage facilities and take special security measures. These measures should be commensurate with the value of the property and the degree of risk it faces. The government should provide technical and financial assistance to this end as appropriate. In view of the special significance of movable cultural property located in religious buildings, Member States and competent authorities should provide appropriate protection and introduction to such property.
international communication
16. Movable cultural property is particularly vulnerable to the risk of damage caused by improper operation, improper packaging, poor temporary storage conditions or climate change, and improper reception arrangements during transportation and temporary exhibitions, which requires special protection measures. In the case of international exchanges, Member States shall:
(1) Take necessary measures to ensure proper protection and care conditions and appropriate risk insurance during transportation and exhibition, and reach an agreement between relevant parties. The government of the transit country of cultural property shall provide assistance upon request;
(2) Encourage relevant institutions to:
(i) Ensure that cultural property is transported, packaged and disposed of according to the highest standards. Measures taken to this end may include experts determining the most suitable packaging mode, transportation mode and transportation time; It is suggested that, under appropriate circumstances, the researchers in the museum responsible for lending cultural property should accompany the property during transportation and check its condition; The organization responsible for transporting and packaging articles shall attach a list indicating the actual shape of the articles; The receiving institution shall check the items according to the list;
(ii) Take appropriate measures to prevent any direct or indirect damage that may occur due to temporary or long-term congestion of exhibition venues;
(3) Agree on the methods used to measure, record and adjust the humidity, so as to keep the relative humidity within the prescribed limits, and agree to take measures to protect the articles susceptible to light (eye exposure, the type of electric lamp used, the maximum illuminance standard calculated in lux, and the methods for measuring and controlling this standard);
(3) Simplify the administrative procedures for the legal flow of cultural property, and arrange for proper identification of crates and other packaging forms containing cultural property;
(4) Take measures to protect cultural property temporarily in transit or imported for cultural exchange purposes, especially to facilitate rapid customs clearance at appropriate places. The location should be close to and, if possible, located at the location of relevant institutions, and ensure that all necessary precautions are taken for customs clearance;
(5) When necessary, issue instructions to its diplomatic and consular representatives so that their representatives can take effective actions to speed up customs procedures and ensure the protection of cultural property in transit. Education and information intelligence
17. In order to ensure that all people are aware of the value of cultural property and the need to protect it, especially its cultural identity, Member States should encourage competent authorities to:
(1) Provide children, youth and adults with the means to understand and respect movable cultural property, and make use of all available educational and information methods for this purpose;
(2) Attract public attention by all possible means:
The significance and importance of cultural property, but not including the pure commercial value of the property; (ii) They have the opportunity to participate in the activities of the competent authorities to protect such property.
Control measure
18. in order to combat theft, illegal excavation, barbaric acts of sabotage and the use of counterfeit goods, member States should establish or strengthen institutions specifically responsible for preventing and stopping these crimes according to the needs of the situation.
19. if the situation requires, member States should take measures to:
(1) stipulate sanctions or any other measures applicable to theft, robbery, acceptance or illegal possession of movable cultural property and intentional damage to such property according to criminal law or civil law or administrative or other measures; These sanctions or measures should take into account the seriousness of the crime;
(2) Ensure better coordination among all institutions and departments involved in preventing crimes related to movable cultural property, and establish a rapid transmission system of information about such crimes, including forged information, between relevant official institutions and departments, such as museum researchers and dealers in art and antiques;
(3) Ensure proper conditions for the protection of movable cultural property, and take measures to deal with the negligence and neglect that property often suffers and lead to its degradation.
20. Member States should also encourage private collectors and dealers of works of art and antiques to transmit all information about counterfeit products to the official institutions mentioned in paragraph 19 (2). Measures to improve the source of risk insurance funds
Government guarantee
2 1. Member States shall:
(1) Pay special attention to the issue of appropriate insurance for risks suffered by movable cultural property during transportation and temporary exhibitions;
(2) In particular, we should consider establishing a government guarantee system through legislation, regulations or other forms, such as the system of some countries, or a system in which the state or any relevant group partially bears the risk by paying the deductible or excess loss of deductible insurance;
(3) Within the scope of the above-mentioned system and in the above-mentioned form, it is stipulated that the cultural relics lent by museums or similar institutions for the purpose of exhibition are damaged, deteriorated, deformed or lost, and the lenders are compensated. The provisions for establishing the above-mentioned system shall specify the conditions and procedures to be followed in paying the above compensation.
22. Provisions on government guarantees should not be applied to cultural property that is the object of commercial transactions.
Measures at the level of museums and similar institutions
23. Member States should also urge museums and similar institutions to apply risk management principles, including the identification, classification, evaluation, control and financing of various risks.
24. The risk management plans of all insurance institutions shall include internal drafting of procedure manuals, regular review of risk types and possible maximum losses, contract and interest rate analysis, market research and bidding procedures. A person or an organization should be responsible for risk management.
Four. international cooperation
25. Member States should:
(l) Cooperate with intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations qualified in risk prevention and insurance;
(2) Strengthen cooperation among official institutions responsible for stopping the theft and illegal trading of cultural property and exposing counterfeits at the international level, and especially urge these institutions to quickly transmit all useful information about illegal activities among them through mechanisms designated for this purpose;
(3) When necessary, conclude international cooperation agreements on legal aid and crime prevention;
(4) Participate in organizing international training courses on the protection and restoration of movable cultural property and risk management, and ensure that its full-time staff regularly attend these courses;