Since the revised Urban and Rural Planning Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Urban and Rural Planning Law) was implemented on June 5438+0, 2008, all levels and departments in China have attached great importance to it, and through careful study and positive response, they have ensured that the formulation, implementation, revision, supervision and inspection of urban and rural planning at all levels are carried out and exercised according to law. Urban and Rural Planning Law is an important law on urban and rural planning and construction management. It adapts to the characteristics of China's current economic and social development, and at the same time puts forward new requirements and challenges to the administration according to law of all levels and departments in the city. According to the characteristics of urban and rural planning in the new era, Changzhou has put forward three planning goals: people-oriented, refined and digital. As the basic technical department of urban and rural planning, urban surveying and mapping workers should shoulder important historical responsibilities. Therefore, according to the requirements of the three goals for urban surveying and mapping, we put forward the overall goal of accelerating scientific and technological innovation, building an information-based surveying and mapping system, and striving to be the forerunner and support of digital planning, so as to ensure the leading position of Changzhou's planning basic technology. At present, urban surveying and mapping that has been implemented in the process of realizing fine planning and digital planning is urban planning verification surveying and mapping, because urban planning verification surveying and mapping is the basis of planning preparation and management. Verification of urban planning surveying and mapping data is an important technical means of supervision and inspection in urban planning management, especially the topographic map after completion, which is the necessary basic data for planning management and a true reflection of the current situation of construction land, and its quality is directly related to the accuracy of planning management results. Therefore, it is required that the planning and verification of surveying and mapping data must have high accuracy. With the accelerating pace of urban construction, the technical level of urban planning management is getting higher and higher, which also puts forward higher requirements for urban planning verification surveying and mapping. 2 The main contents of urban planning verification surveying and mapping Changzhou urban planning verification surveying and mapping mainly refers to the completion acceptance survey of completed buildings, roads, pipelines and underground garages. , including the measurement of the relationship between building coordinates and plane position and the calculation of the acceptance building area. Planning verification surveying and mapping report is the certificate for the planning department to verify the construction area, floor area ratio and related planning permission elements according to law. After the completion of a general construction project, the construction unit must entrust a surveying and mapping unit authorized by the planning management department to carry out planning and verification surveying and mapping, and the planning and verification surveying and mapping report includes the measured topographic map and the planning and completion verification surveying and mapping report. The main work is as follows: (1) Mark the plane position, size, greening, parking, entrance and exit of the construction project within the land red line on the completed topographic map. (2) The number of floors on the first floor of the building, building height, building spacing, indoor and outdoor ground elevation. (3) Calculation and verification of building area, and calculation of floor area ratio. (4) Burying of underground engineering pipelines. (5) Elevation and profile measurement of building engineering. 3 Main conventional surveying and mapping methods for planning and verification 3- 1 Surveying and mapping of completed topographic map, we generally adopt all-field digital surveying and mapping method, and the scale of completed topographic map is generally 1: 500 or 1: 1000. (1) TOPCONGPT-3000N total station is used for root control measurement and detail point data acquisition of surveying and mapping instruments and equipment; LEICANA2 level is used for elevation control measurement and elevation annotation point measurement; Measure the distance between objects with 50m steel ruler. All instruments are within the service life specified in the instrument certificate. (2) GPS-RTK technology is used to control the layout of the root wire of the survey map. Before control measurement, the known control points are detected, and the measured side length is 2cm different from the theoretical side length. Each precision index of root silk should meet the specification requirements. (3) The collection of detail points and the collection of detail points in indoor drawings adopt the polar coordinate method to collect detail feature points, and the collection parts of detail points are mainly the feature points of buildings (structures) and other terrain elements. The observation data are stored in the memory of the total station, and the coordinates of the detail points are calculated after being transmitted to the microcomputer through the memory card or data communication line. The indoor data processing adopts the MAP2004 mapping software system developed by our institute with AutoCAD software, and its functions include detailed point coordinate drawing, input and editing of ground object attributes, data format conversion, data storage and other functions. 3-2 Building height, building spacing, indoor and outdoor ground height, building area measurement (1) Building height measurement Triangular elevation method is mainly used for building height measurement, and the general measurement location is the cornice on the north side of the building (structure); The cornice height refers to the height of the roof cornice (lowest point) from the outdoor horizon to the sloping roof. General water tank room, elevator room, roof floating board, apron and roof sun room are not included in the building height; If the top floor of the building (structure) is a flat roof, the cornice height is generally calculated according to the height from the outdoor horizon to the parapet. Simply put, the building height is the maximum height of the building itself, that is, the difference between the lowest point and the highest point. (2) Measurement of building spacing The measurement of building spacing adopts the measurement method of collecting data of related buildings and directly measuring them on surveying and mapping software. Building spacing refers to the minimum distance between two main buildings. The building spacing we generally measure refers to the actual distance from the outer wall line on the south side of the North Building to the outer wall line on the north side of the South Building. (3) Indoor and outdoor ground elevation measurement Outdoor ground elevation measurement adopts the method of combining level and total station, and indoor ground elevation measurement of buildings adopts the attached level route. Set a leveling point at a fixed position on the first floor of each building for joint measurement. The measurement data has high accuracy and fully meets the requirements of the specification. If the indoor height of each unit of a single building is different, it must be measured separately and marked on the completed topographic map. (4) Calculation of construction area The construction area here only refers to the construction area of buildings. The detailed survey of the construction area must be based on the measured completed topographic map provided by the real estate management department through the surveying and mapping unit authorized by the planning management department, and the construction area should be calculated, classified and counted. Finally, the planning management department will issue a verification survey report on the construction area of the building. 3-3 Underground engineering pipeline measurement Underground engineering pipeline measurement refers to the diameter, buried depth, pipeline center line, turning point and inspection well of underground pipeline in the red line of survey land. The main purpose of collecting the data of underground pipelines in the red line of land use is to check whether the buried position, buried depth, path and material of underground pipelines conform to the planning. After the pipeline survey of underground engineering is completed, the schematic diagram of underground pipe network must be issued in the planning completion verification report. 4 Some problems in the current completion verification surveying and mapping (1) The external structure of modern buildings is complex, and the decorative layers on the external walls of buildings are thicker, some of which are more than 0-5m, but these decorative walls are not included in the housing area calculation, and the measured as-built drawings must meet the specification requirements of housing area calculation and topographic map, which inevitably leads to contradictions. How to solve the contradiction, the method adopted by our hospital is to refer to the planning permission diagram of the building project, correctly check the external structure of the building and make a reasonable choice. Decorative walls with a thickness greater than 0-5m shall be measured according to the external contour of the building, and those with a thickness less than 0-5m shall be ignored. (2) The construction of a building project may have several stages. When submitting the completion acceptance, it will be completed at one time or in multiple times. When planning verification surveying and mapping, the completed topographic map and planning completion verification report provided by stages are also submitted by stages. When a construction project is finally completed as a whole, the verification surveying and mapping data completed in stages will be compiled into the final detailed surveying and mapping results. (3) When measuring the cornice height of a single building, the floors of some buildings in the residential area are inconsistent, staggered and inconsistent. The cornice height should also be measured separately, and the actual position should be marked on the completed topographic map. There is a split-level house. The building faces south and has four residential units. The easternmost and westernmost units are 15, and the middle two units are 16. The question is whether the corresponding cornice heights are marked the same, or whether they are marked with the measured values or the average values of two units. In practice, our hospital is marked by the average height of cornice. Application of modern surveying and mapping technology in urban planning verification surveying and mapping In order to improve the accuracy of completed topographic map and completed verification surveying and mapping data and improve the efficiency of surveying and mapping work, it is necessary to adopt modern surveying and mapping technology, carry out secondary development on indoor data processing software and develop a set of perfect workflow mode. (1) Before using CZCORS positioning technology, topographic map measurement is generally to encrypt the control points of the map root according to the high-grade control points, and then set up a total station on the control points of the map root to measure the topographic map by polar coordinates. This measurement mode generally requires 2~3 workers, and the data acquisition is time-consuming and the data quality accuracy is average. Real-time GPS positioning under CORS system provides a modern positioning platform for planning, verification and measurement in Changzhou. Now, if the space within the red line of construction land is large and the field of vision is wide, we can make full use of the network RTK technology under the CORS system of the city to quickly and accurately determine the coordinates of the control points of the map root, and we can quickly obtain the topographic data in the survey area. For example, internal roads, ground pipeline inspection wells, public facilities, green spaces, independent features, elevation marking points, etc. When collecting these data, the coordinate data of points can be generated in real time, and the coordinate file can be generated directly as long as the data is transmitted by microcomputer. CZCORS positioning technology is adopted to avoid a single all-field digital mapping mode. The combination of these two methods not only saves the manpower in the field, improves the speed of data collection, but also improves the absolute accuracy of surveying and mapping data, simplifies the process of data processing in the office, and improves the work efficiency and the quality of surveying and mapping products as a whole.
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