1. Borrow: bank loan.
Loans: bank deposits
2. Debit: bank deposit
Loan: bank deposit-personal card
3. Debit: bank deposit-personal card
Loans: bank deposits-time deposits
4. Debit: Inventory
Credit: notes payable
3. Is it feasible to deposit 5 million yuan in the bank and then withdraw the acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan for arbitrage?
In fact, it is possible, because enterprises do not need to pay the deposit in full to open bank acceptance bills. For example, if they go to the bank to draw an acceptance bill of100000, I only need to deposit 5 million bank deposits as a deposit, and the bank acceptance of each bank will pay the acceptance bill of100000 to my affiliated company, which is about%, but now the interest rate of private banks can only exceed 2%.
Therefore, when discounting bills and earning spreads, the focus is on the discount interest rate and wealth management interest rate to take risks and buy trusts. The interest rate of 1 is 8%, which is even bigger. Of course, if you want to be risk-free, you can deposit it in a private bank, and the deposit insurance conditions not only protect individuals.
To sum up: theoretically, the acceptance bill of100000 yuan can earn a spread in the bank, but there is a risk point. Discounting needs a real trade background, without which there is no way to discount.
If you have it, it can work completely. In recent years, the industry has used bill discount and structured deposits upside down to earn income, which is actually an operation. I've already discussed it, now let's reveal it.
An advertisement, I have long-term banking experience and rich experience in corporate financing arbitrage.
The first step is to issue a silver ticket. This step needs the cooperation of bank credit. As long as the bank can do it, it needs two conditions: First, it must have an upstream and downstream relationship with itself, that is, it must have a real trade background.
Step 2: Affiliates apply to the bank for discount after endorsement. The bank posted a spread space.
The third step is to deposit the discounted funds into the bank and purchase structured deposits. For example, if the structured deposit interest rate is 3.3% and the discount rate is 2.8%, there will be a spread of 0.5%.
If the enterprise borrows the deposit, it will only be 0.5%(2 = 1.25 million yuan) after repayment. Second, if they are all their own, they will earn 25,000 yuan plus deposit interest of 5 million yuan (if the deposit is a certificate of deposit, five ten thousandths of the bookkeeping procedures will be deducted).
Bank advantage: the maximum deposit is 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, which is earned for nothing.
The above results are win-win, and the bank welcomes them, so this party
I am an empty valley cold pool, sharing my views with you.
Whether this can be done depends on who the customer is and what he has.
At present, when handling business, whether it is deposit, loan, RMB business or foreign exchange business, banks should follow a principle, that is, know your customers, understand your business and conduct due diligence review.
If only 5 million yuan is deposited, an acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan will be drawn. What about the remaining 5 million exposures? The problem lies in the exposure of this 5 million. If the customer has not opened an account in the bank for a long time, usually has no close business dealings with the bank, the bank doesn't know much about the customer, and there is nothing to pledge, how can the bank give him a risk exposure of 5 million? It is unacceptable to put this matter in any bank.
Why should banks trust customers? Only when the bank knows his customer like the back of his hand, and this customer is a customer with high credit rating, with both credit line and collateral, will the bank consider issuing an acceptance bill of 6.5438 million. After all, risky banks still have hands, don't they?
If there is no other way, there is another way, that is 100% deposit.
However, according to my current situation, even if there is a 100% margin deposit, there must be a real trading background. If there is no real trading background, the bank will not agree to accept the fabricated contract.
There are many people who want to arbitrage through bank deposits and loans, and there are indeed many people doing it. Whether arbitrage can be carried out mainly depends on three aspects:
In the first aspect, many enterprises and individuals now carry out various arbitrage through bank funds, some of which have succeeded and some have failed. Therefore, not all arbitrage through bank funds can be successful.
Arbitrage through bank funds was once considered as the safest insurance project, and some people succeeded. The famous capital arbitrage is to borrow money from banks and then make structured deposits. The data shows that by the end of April 2020, the scale of structured deposits of Chinese-funded national banks had reached 12. 14 trillion yuan, and the structured deposits in the first four months increased by 2.54 trillion yuan, of which the unit structured deposits exceeded 2 trillion yuan. Statistics show that since 2020, as of May 20, the scale and proportion of structured deposits purchased by A-share listed companies have greatly increased, with a cumulative purchase of structured deposits of 300 million yuan. Enterprises obtain low-cost funds through bank wealth management or bank structured deposits and then arbitrage, which leads the regulatory authorities to clean up structured deposits.
Another way of fund arbitrage is that some institutions use bank funds to make bridge loan for bank loans. Because of the short time, low risk and high income, arbitrage funds are rushing. However, the risk of cross-bridge arbitrage is difficult to repay, because it may face loan cut-off after the bank receives the loan, and often leads to a series of legal proceedings.
In the second aspect, is it feasible to arbitrage by depositing in the bank, then handling the bank acceptance bill, and then cashing out? It is feasible in theory.
Why do so many people talk about putting money in the bank and then issuing bank acceptance bills for arbitrage? That's because this operation is feasible in theory and there is indeed some arbitrage space.
Take the above case as an example. If you deposit 5 million yuan in the bank as a deposit, even if the deposit is 50%, you can of course withdraw a bank acceptance bill of 6,543,800 yuan. Although banks generally require deposits to be placed in current deposit accounts for supervision, they can be changed into time deposits with a deposit interest rate of 1.5% if they apply.
A bank acceptance bill of 654.38+000000000 yuan, secured by a deposit of 5 million yuan, and then discounted at the bank. The discount rate is about 32.8‰~ 39.36‰, and the bank acceptance bill of 654.38+0000000000 yuan is discounted to get 9606400 yuan. If it is assumed that the deposit interest rate or structured deposit interest rate of the local bank is 4.6%, the income will be 44 1.6 million yuan.
Conclusion: If the acceptance bill of 654.38+00000000 yuan is withdrawn as a deposit of 5 million yuan, and then discounted by 3.95‰, and then the discounted 9.6 million yuan is used for large deposit or structured deposit, the following benefits can be obtained: the interest of 5 million yuan is 75,000 yuan, and the fund transfer income after the discount of 654.38+000000000 yuan acceptance bill is 4,665,000 yuan.
In the third aspect, it is not easy to obtain a large number of high-interest deposits through deposit margin, opening bank acceptance bills and then discounting them.
Although it is possible in theory, it is very difficult to operate the business in real life, and may even be punished for violating the rules.
First, opening a bank acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan with a deposit of 5,000,000 yuan requires many business conditions. No deposit is required to open a bank acceptance bill. In order to issue bank acceptance bills, banks need real commodity purchase and sale contracts (originals and photocopies), legally binding purchase and sale contracts and their VAT invoices, sufficient payment capacity, good settlement records and settlement credibility. In other words, you need to apply for loan credit in the bank first. Without credit, it is absolutely impossible. Even if credit is granted, discounting arbitrage through bank acceptance bills obviously violates the real trade background and belongs to commercial violations.
Second, if the deposit of 5 million yuan is withdrawn from the current account, the increase or decrease of the bank's discount rate will have an impact on the income. At the same time, if it is difficult for discounted funds to obtain higher deposit interest rates, it will still affect the realization of arbitrage goals. You may even lose money.
Conclusion: Although it is feasible to use 5 million bank deposits to withdraw1000000000000 acceptance bill arbitrage in theory, it is often very difficult in reality and may face great risks. (Qi Jian)
As long as the scale of the enterprise is large enough and the credit is high enough, it is feasible in principle to grant credit, but there is no arbitrage space, otherwise you will not understand the concept of acceptance bill. Because there are many expenses, including bank acceptance fee, bank acceptance fee and acceptance discount rate, its financing cost is higher, even higher than mortgage, equity pledge or credit loans of large enterprises.
Cheques, promissory notes and money orders Cheques and promissory notes are a kind of money orders. That is, from a big concept, bills of exchange include checks and promissory notes; From a small concept, it is different from checks and promissory notes. This is like a deposit slip. Generally speaking, certificates of deposit belong to bank deposits, but they are different from ordinary time deposits and demand deposits. It can be withdrawn or transferred in advance, and it bears interest on a reliable document which is current and fixed.
Checks are generally limited to domestic payment and settlement, only settlement tools, and have no credit nature. In other words, to write a check, you must deposit enough money in the corresponding bank, otherwise it is a bad check. According to Article 3 1 of the Measures for the Implementation of Bill Management, the People's Bank of China will impose a fine of 5% of the face value but not less than 1000 yuan.
Promissory note is not commonly used, but it is a credit tool, like a credit card, which can be paid in advance.
Bill of exchange combines the nature of check and promissory note, and can be used as both a settlement tool and a credit tool. You can draw an acceptance bill with the balance of your account or through the credit line.
If the scale of the enterprise is large enough, the credit is high enough, and the credit line is above 5 million, then a bank acceptance bill of100000 can be opened in combination with its own deposit of 5 million.
What is acceptance and what are the conditions for issuing an acceptance bill? Acceptance refers to the record that the holder requires the drawee to pay the bill before it expires. That is to say, the bill has a certain redemption period, for example, it can be redeemed after three months, so it must be realized after three months. If it needs to be realized in advance, it must be realized in the form of discount to banks or other financial institutions, which is similar to the transfer of certificates of deposit, except that one is to pay interest and the other is to collect interest.
A bill payable at sight does not need to be presented for acceptance, so it is not an acceptance bill; A bill payable at regular intervals after sight will be accepted upon presentation.
The first condition for opening an acceptance bill is to register an effective enterprise legal person or other economic organization according to law and engage in business activities according to law. Non-individuals or deposits can be opened, and the conditions given in the title are insufficient. You can't use deposits other than enterprise legal persons or open acceptance bills in the name of enterprises. Secondly, there must be commodity trading, otherwise there will be greater compliance risks.
Can you arbitrage? How high is the financing cost? In principle, it is not arbitrable to open an acceptance bill, because there are great compliance problems, and you need to bear great compliance risks. There are many financing methods for enterprises, especially large enterprises. There is no need to take such risks and bear higher financing costs.
Financing costs mainly include bank acceptance fee, bank acceptance limit management fee and acceptance discount rate.
Handling fee for bank acceptance bills: Generally, the handling fee for paper bank acceptance bills is about 0.05%. The implementation standard of electronic bank acceptance bills ranges from 0.05% to 0.20%.
Bank acceptance bill limit management fee: if the deposit is 5 million and the acceptance bill is 5 million, then there is no acceptance bill limit management fee, that is, it is paid with 5 million deposits; However, it is 6.5438+million yuan, so there is still an exposure of 5 million yuan, and the quota management fee will be charged for this 5 million yuan.
Line management fee = actual billing line management rate/12-month billing (actual billing line, such as 50% for tickets with 50% margin,/kloc-50 million for tickets with 0/00000). The specific rate of quota management depends on the credit rating of enterprises and the management standards of commercial banks, and generally ranges from 0 to 2.5%.
The discount rate of acceptance depends on the standard, specific term and amount of each commercial bank. Acceptance bills are generally within 6 months, while the discount rate of bank acceptance bills of 65438+ 10,000 to 500,000 for about 6 months is currently around 3.5%.
If it is an acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan, banks generally have to switch to private placement or trust products. For example, if the yield of some trust products reaches 67%, it is possible to invest in a large number of acceptance bills. According to the subject matter of the acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000, the discount rate should reach more than 6%.
To sum up, the minimum financing cost for opening an acceptance bill of RMB 6,543,800,000 should be above 6%, even as high as 78%. The financing cost is not low. If large enterprises have other mortgage products or equity pledge, other financing methods may be simpler and the exchange rate is lower, especially long-term loans, not to mention arbitrage in this way (arbitrage refers to a way to obtain income through risk-free or low-risk means).
Deposit 5 million yuan and draw 6,543,800,000 yuan acceptance bill. This is a normal business. Can't use the word "arbitrage"!
Bank acceptance bills are divided into full acceptance bills and differential acceptance bills. All acceptance of the draft is the applicant's deposit in the bank 100%. Differential acceptance means that the applicant deposits a certain percentage of the deposit in the bank.
The advantage of full acceptance is that the applicant can deposit the money originally intended to buy goods in the bank as a deposit for accepting the draft. The deposit is in the bank and bears interest. The applicant paid for the goods by accepting the draft.
Full acceptance of the draft will not affect the use of the applicant's funds, but also allow him to obtain some interest income. At present, banks generally use full acceptance bills as products to pull corporate deposits.
Differential acceptance For differential acceptance bills, I understand that most banks will require applicants to pay at least 50% deposit. Less than 50%, but the enterprise qualification is very good. If the applicant pays the deposit and the bank agrees to pay it, that's fine, but if the applicant doesn't pay the deposit, the bank needs to check whether the enterprise has this credit qualification.
Compared with the full acceptance bill, the differential acceptance bill is more popular with the applicant. Because it is equivalent to full acceptance and credit loan. It is difficult for enterprises to obtain credit loans from banks.
At present, banks are relatively cautious about differential acceptance, which can only be obtained by very high-quality enterprises.
Acceptance bills are still widely used, which is of great benefit to banks, sellers and buyers.
Summary:
This is not an arbitrage behavior, but a normal wealth management product.
This problem involves professional financial knowledge. From the author's answer, I can see that it is basically a business solution, and it is all about building the problem itself. How to give an accurate solution depends on the analysis of the real reasons. Below I will answer this question through several aspects of elaboration and analysis. 1, deposit 5 million, arbitrage100000, in fact, it is to use leverage to make money from banks;
2, there are 5 million deposits, and you design your own leverage to make money;
35 million deposits, how much can you arbitrage from the bank?
To sum up, if you really have 5 million in your hand, you don't need to spend so much effort to arbitrage from the bank. If you can manage cash well and understand the relationship between assets and liabilities, you can earn about 700 thousand a year, and it is still passive income. Your family's expenses for one year are basically enough, and lying down can really make money. If you have normal trade with others, there is indeed some arbitrage space in this way, but if you have no real trade background, it will not work at all if you completely realize arbitrage through your affiliated company, because you don't make money at all.
Let's see, the cost of depositing 5 million in the bank and then issuing an acceptance bill is 654.38+million. Actually, it's not that simple to open an acceptance bill. It doesn't mean that if you deposit 5 million in the bank, the bank will write you an acceptance bill. There are preconditions for opening an acceptance bill. First, you must have a physical enterprise, second, you must have real trade, and third, you must have a credit line in the bank.
As for how much margin to pay for acceptance bills, the key depends on the qualifications of enterprises. Under normal circumstances, if it is only ordinary small and medium-sized enterprises, it is basically impossible to get an acceptance bill of 1 10,000 by paying a 50% deposit. At present, many banks basically require a deposit of 100%. Unless you are a very high-quality enterprise and an old customer of the bank, and your qualification level in the bank is very high, then the bank may allow you to pay.
However, paying 50% of the deposit does not mean that you can get the acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 immediately, because you only paid the insurance premium of 5,000,000 yuan, and there is still an exposure of 5,000,000 yuan. For this exposure of 5 million, the bank should investigate your enterprise background and give credit. In addition, you should provide collateral or other guarantee methods.
In addition, according to the basic principle of bank acceptance bill business risk exposure, customers can't use bank guarantee resources too cheaply, but must charge, so for this 5 million risk exposure, banks should charge a certain exposure management fee.
To sum up, if you pay a deposit of 5 million yuan or an acceptance bill of 6,543.8 million yuan, the approximate cost you need to pay is as follows.
1, acceptance fee
At present, the handling fee for bank acceptance bills is about 0.05%, which is equivalent to 5,000 yuan for100,000 acceptance bills.
2. Risk exposure management fee (commitment fee).
At present, the rate of bank risk exposure fee is between 0.5% and 2.5% according to different periods, so we calculate it at the rate of 1% for half a year, so the risk exposure fee of 5 million yuan is 25,000 yuan.
It is equivalent to you writing an acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan with a deposit of 5,000,000 yuan, and the cost to be paid in the early stage is about 30,000 yuan.
Then let's see if arbitrage can be achieved by issuing an acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan and depositing 5,000,000 yuan. If an enterprise is of high quality, it will deposit 5 million yuan in the bank and withdraw 654.38 million+acceptance bills. According to the previous calculation, its upfront cost is 30,000 yuan.
If this enterprise discounts the acceptance bill of 6,543,800,000 yuan through the affiliated company, if it is calculated at the half-year discount rate of 4%, the discount fee will be around 200,000 yuan.
After posting the cash, the enterprise will use 6,543,800 yuan for deposit or investment and wealth management. According to the interest rate of 4.5% for half a year, the interest earned by this 6.5438+million fund for half a year is about 225,000.
Another 5 million deposits were deposited in the bank. If you buy a six-month structured deposit, the annualized interest rate is 3.5%, and the potential interest is 87,500 yuan, then the total interest earned by the actual deposit is 3 1.25 million yuan.
Then the arbitrage space = 3 1.25 (interest) -5000 yuan (acceptance fee) -25000 yuan (exposure fee) -200000 yuan (discounted interest) = 85000.
There seems to be room for arbitrage, right? Actually, it may not be obvious.
Because the bank is very strict about acceptance bills now, if the bank asks for a real VAT invoice to prove the authenticity of the transaction when discounting, then you will be miserable.
If you can draw an acceptance bill of 6.5438+million yuan from the bank, it is definitely not a small-scale enterprise, but an ordinary taxpayer. Its value-added tax is about 654.38+03%, equivalent to RMB 6.5438+million. You have to pay the tax of 654.38+02 1.5.
It can be seen that it is completely impossible to cash out by using acceptance bills through internal affiliated enterprises, and it will only lose money in the end.
More importantly, if you are only an individual customer or a new customer, or your own conditions are average, the bank doesn't understand you, and it is impossible to get 5 million exposures from the bank, so you can't arbitrage.
First of all,
5 million deposits,
100000 acceptance bill,
At this moment,
If the enterprise's credit is consistent with the credit.
50% margin requirement,
No problem.
Secondly,
100000 acceptance bill,
This is a short-term loan,
Must meet the purpose of the loan,
Carry out interest arbitrage,
Use violation.
Conclusion,
A single enterprise is not feasible.
But,
Practically speaking,
Enterprise-controlled
Upstream and downstream enterprises
Use financial instruments
continue
Rediscount arbitrage,
conclusion
Feasible.
But,
Premise is
legal
Compliance.
I can give you an authoritative answer to this question.
Whether you can draw a bank acceptance bill of 6.5438+million depends on whether the bank can give you a credit line of 5 million for risk exposure.
When a bank gives you credit, it generally requires you to have a reasonable use and certain mortgage guarantee measures. Both are indispensable.
From the questioner's point of view, it may be purely to earn spread arbitrage. If so, it is definitely impossible to grant the credit line, not to mention that you need to add some collateral or other guarantee measures for the risk exposure of 5 million.
Therefore, if there is only a deposit of 5 million yuan, and the above two conditions are not met, it is impossible to issue a bank acceptance bill of 6,543,800 yuan, and it is impossible to carry out arbitrage.
4. Why can dollar deposits be pledged to open bank notes for arbitrage?
The dollar deposit pledge can be arbitrage by issuing bank bills, because the interest rates of different banks are different. Suppose a bank's deposit interest rate is 3% and another bank's interest rate for issuing bank notes is 2.5%. You can pledge the US dollar deposit to the first bank, and then use this pledge to issue bank notes to the second bank, and get 0.5% spread arbitrage.
Specifically, suppose you have a deposit of $654.38+00,000 and want to arbitrage. You can pledge this $6.5438 +0.03 million to Bank A and get a deposit interest rate of 3%. After one year, you can get $6.5438 +0.03 million. Then, you can use $654.38+RMB 0.03 million to draw a bank note to Bank B, so that you can get a billing interest rate of 2.5%, and you can get $654.38+RMB 0.05075 million one year later. In this way, you get a profit of $6.5438+0.075 million.
It should be noted that this arbitrage method is risky, because the pledge may depreciate or the bank will default. In addition, arbitrage costs, such as fees charged by banks and interest tax, need to be considered. Therefore, before the arbitrage operation, it is necessary to make a full risk and cost assessment.