Based on the whole life cycle, the evaluation model of green residential buildings is constructed, which can better evaluate the green performance of green residential buildings, and make cost simulation and prediction analysis, and compare with traditional residential buildings, reflecting the advantages of green residential buildings. The main content of this paper is summarized as the following three parts:
The first part: Theoretical framework research. Under the background of global warming, the rapid development of China real estate industry and the demand for green housing, this paper analyzes the significance of exploring the green sustainable development mode of housing, and summarizes the development situation of green buildings at home and abroad.
The second part: Introduce the concept of environmental protection and energy-saving green design, relevant theoretical basis and advanced ideas with reference value for green ecological housing construction.
The third part: Study the design principle of ecological residence.
The fourth part: The analysis and summary of the specific application countermeasures of green ecological housing.
Concept and theoretical basis of indoor environmental protection and energy-saving green design
. 1 Basic concept of ecological residence
Green ecological residence is the concrete embodiment of the sustainable development strategy advocated by the state in the field of residential architecture, aiming at seeking the harmonious unity of nature, architecture, people and social culture. Green ecological residence refers to fully considering the local climate and natural environment, using local natural conditions, building means and modern developed science and technology, so that the residence can not only meet the comfortable and healthy living conditions of residents, but also save resources to the maximum extent, reduce the pollution and damage to the surrounding environment, and also reflect the unique local cultural characteristics.
Judging from the connotation of green ecological housing, it mainly focuses on three aspects: first, creating a healthy and comfortable living environment; The second is to reduce the negative impact on resources and environment; The third is to integrate with the natural environment and local culture. We can refine these three aspects into three characteristics: health and comfort, energy saving and environmental protection, and harmony.
The Origin of Green Ecological Housing
The most important ideas in green ecological housing are the harmonious relationship between architecture and nature, the social and cultural view of nature, and how human beings embody the concept of nature in architectural activities.
China's ancient traditional thought centered on "the unity of man and nature" and advocated the harmonious unity between man and the natural environment. In residential buildings, the unique site selection method is adopted to realize the harmony between residential buildings and natural environment in orientation and layout. However, since the Opium War, especially after the reform and opening up, a large number of western ideas have poured in, and the traditional idea of "harmony between man and nature" has been greatly impacted in the architectural world. In the west, Christian philosophy sowed the seeds of anti-environment. "The Bible is full of hints about the control, command and domination of nature. Our city is the direct product of the environmental paradox in the Bible. The Christian foundation formed by western society has an unfortunate tendency to separate human beings from the natural order. "
Therefore, the trend of green ecological architecture originated in the west. Analyzing the relationship between architecture and nature from the development history of western architecture is helpful to understand the connotation and specific requirements of green ecological housing from the root. Although western architectural thoughts generally advocate science and omnipotence, there are also many architectural thoughts that advocate nature. After the energy crisis in the last century, the architectural thought of advocating nature, protecting nature and rationally utilizing natural resources began to form an architectural trend of thought.
.3 Green Thought in Modernist Architecture
.3.1alvar aalto's Green Thought
Alvar aalto believes that architecture should not be exactly the same, but as a systematic means to meet different needs. In other words, the standardization of housing is to build a flexible foundation platform, which can meet the requirements of different people, different terrain and different environments. He has made great breakthroughs in the relationship between architecture and environment, the relationship between architectural forms and people's psychological feelings. The buildings he designed always make full use of the natural terrain and blend in with the surrounding beautiful scenery. Architectural space is free, flexible and dynamic, which makes people feel that space is not just a simple cycle, but is constantly expanding and growing, full of vitality. In his design works, the unique characteristics of Finland are reflected in the materials used, architectural style and even the surrounding environment. Aalto's works are marked by intricate irregular curves, scattered planes and smooth spaces. In Aalto's hands, wood has become a high-performance, versatile and elastic material, which not only gives play to the properties that industrial products such as reinforced concrete and glass do not have, but also embodies a comfortable humanistic feeling and warm intimacy, which reflects his love for Finnish scenery.
Figure 5 1955 Cultural House (1955)
Fig. 6 Riola parish center (1978)
.3. Frank Lloyd Wright's Green Thought
As a modernist architect, Wright never used a steel frame structure. His contribution is that Wright has been influenced by traditional Japanese residential buildings in his early days and integrated them into his own architectural design. His design not only includes the flexibility of Japanese residential buildings, but also shows an accurate grasp of the characteristics of materials used. The materials he used are completely practical, mainly traditional bricks, wood and stone. He found the expressive force in the essence of raw materials under the condition of satisfying practicality. Wright pays attention to maintaining the true colors of raw materials. For example, in the use of wood, Wright opposed to coating opaque paint on wood and advocated showing the natural and elegant texture of wood itself. This not only brings a kind of natural beauty to the building, but also is easier to blend into the environment, which is economical and pollution-free. Of course, paying attention to natural materials is also an important feature of modern green buildings.
Fig.7 Guggenheim Museum in new york.
Wright believes that beauty comes from nature. In his design, he strives to realize the sense of wholeness between architecture and nature, and the sense of nature in harmony with nature and seasons. The "Flowing Water Villa" designed by him in 1937- 1939 is considered as a masterpiece of the integration of residential buildings and natural environment. "Flowing Water Villa" hovers over a small waterfall in the upper reaches of Xiongpao Creek, and the waterfall descends thousands of miles downstream.
Figure 8 Flowing Water Villa (1935)
.4 General situation of indoor green ecological design development in China
.4.1The understanding of green ecological housing is low.
In recent years, with the increasing competition in China's real estate industry, real estate developers have played the banner of "green community" and "green residence" to attract buyers. And some communities just pursue the "high greening rate" on the surface and use turf instead of trees. In fact, this practice is not desirable, not only the cost is high, but also the oxygen production is low. The green ecological residence emphasizes the harmony with nature and minimizes the impact on the local ecology, rather than deliberately pursuing the greening rate. There are also some communities, in order to achieve the effect of garden landscape, spend a lot of money to increase landscape settings and decorate them in the community. In Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital, there are even developers building tropical rainforest-style ecological landscape gardens in the community. This practice of moving landscapes from other climatic zones not only wastes a lot of resources, but also causes unnecessary high costs for future management and maintenance.
There are too many problems in the construction process.
The construction process is wasteful and consumes a lot of resources. The current housing construction in China is extensive and inefficient, at the cost of high waste of resources and sacrifice of nature. At present, more than half of China's resources are consumed by the construction industry every year, and more than half of the pollution is caused by the construction industry. Under the challenge of serious global pollution, abnormal climate and environment, and huge pressure on resources, the construction industry must change to intensive.
.4.3 The residential supervision system is not perfect.
The beneficial influence of green ecological housing on the optimization of natural environment and the health of human living environment is often aimed at the whole society, even the whole world, while the higher cost is borne by real estate developers and attached to buyers. Therefore, many real estate developers have changed the original energy-saving and environmental protection design in the process of building houses for economic benefits. However, the supervision and management system of this link of construction is still not perfect, which makes many houses designed as green ecology become tasteless when they are finally completed.
Today, solid clay bricks are still used as building wall materials in many places in China. Because of borrowing soil to burn bricks, cultivated land resources are seriously reduced. China destroys hundreds of thousands of mu of land every year due to the production of clay bricks, consumes a lot of standard coal, and also produces a lot of solid and gas emissions, resulting in huge and serious environmental pollution. In the application of steel bars, cement and other building materials, the models of building materials used are relatively backward. However, new building materials save resources and produce less pollution.
3 principles and concepts of environmental protection and energy-saving design in indoor environment design
3. 1 Facing nature
Designers should pay attention to the rational use of natural landscape in the design room environment, so that people can feel the ecological beauty and the indoor environment will become more vibrant. This requires designers to follow the basic principle of nature first when designing. Only by properly handling the relationship between natural environment and interior design can the interior environment be more comfortable on the basis of respecting nature. 3. Pay attention to ecological aesthetics
The integration of ecological factors and traditional aesthetics has formed the ecological aesthetics that people pay attention to today. In this aesthetic design, not only can people's visual needs be met, but also their spiritual needs can be met. With the continuous improvement of living standards, indoor environment design has become more spiritual enjoyment. Whether it is indoor temperature, light or humidity, it will affect the inner changes of residents, so designers must fully consider the ecological requirements and the actual needs of users.
3.3 Intensive and economical
Intensive and economical interior design mainly requires designers to design indoor space reasonably, improve the utilization rate of the overall space, allocate resources in the space on the basis of energy saving, environmental protection and ecology, and minimize the waste of resources. The idea of energy saving and environmental protection in indoor environment design is mainly to make people's living environment more comfortable and minimize the impact of domestic pollution on their lives, so some recyclable materials can be used in the design, which can not only reduce costs, but also achieve the main purposes of saving resources and protecting the environment.
3.4 Meet people's basic living needs
The basic idea of green humanism requires fully embodying environmental protection, and designing the whole space with environmental protection materials on the basis of respecting white nature. In the whole design process, we should make full use of natural factors to ensure its function, thus increasing the practicality and functionality of this environment. In addition, the most important thing in indoor environment design is to make people have a more comfortable living environment. To this end, designers must adhere to the people-oriented principle, and rationally design the space according to the actual needs and living habits of the owner of the house, so that the whole house can better meet the actual needs of users.
4. Application of energy saving and environmental protection in indoor environment design of residence.
4. 1 Adhere to the design concept of humanization and environmental protection.
In the process of energy-saving and environmental protection indoor environment design, we should first have a green design concept. In the whole process of indoor environment design, we should fully implement the concept of environmental protection, and make reasonable arrangements for the space inside the treasure with the help of various environmental protection materials on the basis of maintaining respect for nature. In the design process, by adopting environmental protection functions such as natural ventilation, the practicability of the whole community can be effectively enhanced and the utilization rate can be effectively improved. In addition, the purpose of interior design is to provide people with a comfortable and good living environment, which requires designers to follow the people-oriented design principle in the design process, consider many factors such as residents' psychology and habits in the design process, and effectively combine residents' personal preferences with their own design concepts in the design process, so as to create energy-saving and environmentally-friendly houses that fully meet the needs of users.
Fig. 9 0 1 asla residential design award, natural and humanistic style residence.