1 general rules
1.0. 1 This standard is formulated to implement the national "four-section" policy of saving land, energy, water and materials, promote the healthy and rapid development of green buildings advocated by the state, and build an environmentally friendly, efficient, safe and comfortable living environment.
1.0.2 The implementation of green buildings shall meet the following requirements:
1 In the whole life cycle of a building, under suitable conditions, resources can be saved to the maximum extent and sustainable.
Use;
2. Save resources and provide users with safe, healthy and applicable use space;
Give consideration to protecting the environment, reduce the load of buildings on the environment, and live in harmony with nature.
1.0.3 This standard is applicable to civil buildings newly built, rebuilt and expanded in Zhejiang Province.
1.0.4 The planning, design, construction and operation management of green buildings shall conform to the current national standards in addition to this standard.
3 planning
3. 1 site
3. 1. 1 The site selection of green buildings should pay attention to the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment. First of all, it should avoid building in inappropriate places. Secondly, it should reduce the negative impact of site selection on the environment.
1 The overall urban planning should proceed from the whole region, properly handle the relationship between urban construction and regional economy, society and ecological environment, and comprehensively evaluate various resources (water, wetlands, forests, minerals, etc. ) in the region, determine the urban development conditions according to the carrying capacity and rationality of resources, and make overall arrangements for regional infrastructure and public service facilities to avoid repeated construction and protect non-renewable resources.
Item 2: If there are reliable urban flood control measures to make the flood control capacity meet the requirements of the flood control standard (GB5020 1), the site can also be selected when the altitude is lower than the urban flood control standard water level; The third item: if the park management department or the community owner agrees to exchange land equal to or higher than the original land value, then this land can also be used as a site selection; Item 4: Except for the experimental area of nature reserves that conform to the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Nature Reserves.
Make full use of the original municipal traffic network, which not only reduces the repeated construction of traffic, but also realizes the intensive use of land, and indirectly reduces the exhaust pollution of new cars.
Cultural relics are the remains of material culture and spiritual culture in history, which have historical, artistic and scientific values. They are important cultural heritages and witness the historical and cultural development of a place. Therefore, we must protect them.
3. 1.2
These projects 1~4 aim to keep the natural features of the original topography of the site as much as possible.
1 Protect biodiversity, such as opening up habitat corridors and providing nesting space and feeding facilities.
3 including not changing the shape of the original river channel and restoring the lost function of the original river channel.
For example, land improvement, improve the ecological value of land, and restore the living conditions of original organisms.
6~9 greening project is an important part of green building. The research shows that greening is the most effective measure to absorb CO2 and improve the thermal environment of the site. In addition, greening can also nourish emotions, cultivate sentiment, adjust climate, reduce noise, beautify the environment, increase the earth's water conservation capacity and improve soil ecology. However, there are also some greening concepts that blindly admire artificial lawns, value grass over trees, and blindly introduce rare tree species that are not suitable for the local climate. The greening of green buildings advocates native plants and emphasizes survival rate. Advocate the organic combination of arbor, shrub, grass and vine; Advocate all-round three-dimensional greening of roofs, balconies, windowsills and walls; Greening should also pay attention to saving water. Drip irrigation and micro-spraying should be adopted, and reclaimed water, rainwater and groundwater should be used as water sources as much as possible. Of course, we can't blindly pursue too high greening rate, resulting in land waste.
3. 1.3
1~6 We should use the concept of urban and rural planning and circular economy, considering both single buildings and the overall planning and layout of cities or regions; It is necessary to improve the intensive and economical degree of land use by coordinating the overall layout of urban and rural space, and realize the reasonable development, basic stability and effective control of the total amount of urban and rural construction land; Strengthen the management of urban planning and construction, formulate various supporting measures and policies, encourage, support and guide farmers to build houses relatively centrally, and save land; It is necessary to further develop and utilize urban underground space and realize the intensive use of urban land. Further reduce the occupation and destruction of cultivated land by clay brick production.
The building density of public buildings can be appropriately increased as appropriate, and the building density and plot ratio should be determined on the basis of creating a livable environment for residential buildings.
Judging from the current national conditions, housing will still be the main construction project of the construction industry in the next few years. In order to respond to the call of the state to build ordinary houses and intensively save land, it is stipulated here that the construction area of apartment buildings should not exceed1.20m2..
5 Three-dimensional parking spaces refer to underground parking garages or above-ground three-dimensional parking garages.
Reserved space for development, reconstruction and expansion embodies the sustainable development concept of green building planning, but the space comfort of the proposed building should not be harmed by blindly pursuing "reserved space".
7 ~ 8 Architectural orientation refers to the spatial orientation of a building, which is generally marked by the outward most concentrated direction of the main room, and the orientation of the building should be determined from the overall situation. In addition to climatic conditions, topographical features also affect the orientation of buildings. On a flat site, the layout of the building is relatively free. In order to reduce the amount of earthwork, buildings are often arranged in parallel with contour lines. When the vertical contour line must be arranged, staggered floors and drops can also be used in combination with the terrain. In addition, the direction of roads inside and outside the site, the beautiful scenery in some directions, etc. It is also a consideration for the direction of the building.
If the building spacing is too large, it will waste land and increase the length of roads and pipelines; Too small will affect sunshine, hinder air circulation, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of sight and fire prevention. Therefore, the building spacing should be carefully determined. In addition, according to the nature of the building, different spacing is adopted. For example, the sunshine spacing between schools and hospitals can be larger.
The space design of 1 1 should not only provide people with comfortable outdoor communication space, but also create a space environment with the characteristics of the times in a unified and changeable venue; The emphasis on local culture is to remind designers that the landscape design of the site should reflect the local humanistic environment and make the site design have obvious regional characteristics, thus reflecting the viewpoint of "people-oriented, harmony between man and nature" in green buildings.
12 barrier-free facilities design is an architectural design that embodies humanity and is also advocated by green buildings.
14 during the construction period, hardening the main transportation roads is a measure to prevent construction vehicles from generating dust at the construction site and polluting the environment. However, because hardening itself is also a kind of soil pollution, it is best to choose the road with the same location as the proposed road on the construction site for hardening, or choose the original road on the site.
3.2 Energy
3.2. 1
1 There are two kinds of energy storage systems: cold storage system and heat storage system, among which the cold storage technologies include ice storage technology, water storage technology and ice water storage technology. The energy storage system has the following advantages:
1) can balance the peak-valley load of power grid and reduce the impact on urban power supply system;
2) Using the power difference between peak and valley loads of power grid to reduce the operating cost of air conditioning;
3) The capacity of refrigeration main machine is reduced, and the power capacity increase fee and power supply and distribution facility fee of air conditioning system are reduced.
3.3 Water resources
3.3. 1
1 ~ 2 the optimal allocation of various water resources is the basis of effective utilization of various water resources, and considering and planning the comprehensive utilization of various water resources is of designated significance for subsequent design and construction.
Sewage reuse is an effective measure to increase revenue and reduce expenditure. In the primary stage of sewage recycling in China, it is of industrial and social significance to advocate and popularize sewage recycling vigorously.
At present, the comprehensive utilization of sewage, wastewater and rainwater resources and the construction of reclaimed water facilities have not been paid enough attention, and they have only been recognized and implemented to a certain extent in cities and regions with water shortage. However, with the acceleration of economic construction and the increasing demand for water resources, this measure of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure should be effectively implemented in various regions.
3.3.2 Reasonable application of water supply mode, water supply quantity and water supply pressure of each water supply system is the basic requirement to ensure the daily water safety of users. According to the principle of high-quality and high-use, low-quality and low-use, quality water supply can reduce the cost of water treatment, so that the supply water such as direct drinking water, tap water and reclaimed water can be used efficiently according to their respective purposes, and will not cause waste caused by unified water quality requirements.
3.3.3 The rainwater-sewage separation system refers to dividing the domestic drainage system and the rainwater drainage system into two drainage systems to protect the water body from organic pollution caused by domestic sewage. When there is a sewage treatment plant in the city, the municipal government has a sewage pipeline system and a rainwater pipeline system, and the two drainage systems in residential quarters are easily connected with it. However, there are still cities without sewage treatment plants, and domestic sewage should be treated by itself before being discharged into rainwater pipes.
3.3.4 Making full use of various sewage and wastewater resources is an effective way to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, but in areas with abundant water resources and poor local economic conditions, its economic feasibility and construction feasibility should be comprehensively considered.
3.3.5 Ecological rainwater comprehensive utilization system mainly includes the following main aspects:
1 rainwater collection and utilization, open source and reduce expenditure;
2. Indirect utilization of rainwater can make rainwater seep into the ground, replenish and conserve groundwater resources, improve the ecological environment, alleviate land subsidence and seawater intrusion, and reduce water accumulation;
Comprehensive utilization of rainwater, using urban rivers and lakes and various artificial and natural water bodies, swamps and wetlands to store, purify and utilize urban runoff rainwater, reducing waterlogging and improving water circulation system and urban ecological environment.
3.4 Materials and resources
3.4. 1 There are many kinds of building materials, and the selection of materials should be based on the building itself and local conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of rationality and economy.
3.4.2 China is advocating a conservation-oriented society, which requires us to meet people's use needs and minimize resource consumption, so as to meet the use requirements without extravagance and waste.
3.4.3 Rational utilization of existing buildings in the site includes two aspects: first, reasonable functional transformation of existing buildings in the site to make them an organic part of new buildings; Secondly, the existing buildings in the site will be used as functional rooms in the construction process or corresponding auxiliary rooms in the factory area, so that they can be fully and reasonably reused.
For the buildings that need to be demolished in the site, a large amount of construction waste will be produced during the demolition process. Reusing it can not only reduce the material consumption, but also reduce the urban environmental burden. We should try our best to classify various building materials, such as steel and wood, and recycle them effectively.
3.4.4 In order to maximize the reduction, harmlessness, recycling and recycling of garbage, reasonable planning must be carried out.
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