The cooperation between purchasing departments and the management of the whole supply chain can effectively reduce unnecessary expenses, realize reasonable cost control and avoid waste of resources. It is also very important to have different purchasing modes for different types of goods.
1 internal coordination
The general purchasing department is closely related to the sales department, logistics department and quality department. First of all, from the sales department, the communication with the sales department can directly affect the effective procurement management. Shopping guides need to get useful information from consumers. For example, consumers find that there are no goods sold in the supermarket or have opinions on the goods they sell, and then they will consult or give suggestions to the shopping guides. The shopping guide needs to summarize this information to the superior, and then sell it to the purchasing department, which will analyze the goods and decide whether it is necessary to buy them. This can directly increase effective procurement through consumers' demands and suggestions. In addition, the sales department needs to provide daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly sales inventory to the purchasing department. By selling inventory, the purchasing department can understand and analyze the average daily demand of goods and the seasonality of products through these data. By analyzing and sorting out the sales inventory, the purchasing department can know the quantity and time of the purchased goods. Avoid the waste caused by the expiration of the shelf life, cause waste, lead to increased costs and reduced profits. Although data is not everything, long-term data collection is quite convincing. Secondly, the logistics department, through the data analysis given by the sales department, the purchasing department can understand the demand of products, so as to prepare reasonable inventory and minimize the losses caused by waste. In addition, the control of demand can avoid repeated logistics of goods and purchase goods that meet the demand and are within the shelf life at one time. Reducing the number of purchases can directly increase the profit of products. Finally, the quality department needs to check and accept some purchased products, such as fruits, vegetables and meat products. This is an acceptable product. If the product quality can't be found on the surface, the shopping guide needs to get customer feedback and report it to the purchasing department, so it is necessary to re-examine the corresponding suppliers, reduce the purchase volume or even eliminate their supplier qualifications.
2 external coordination
After talking about internal departmental coordination, let's discuss external management methods. Externally, it is the management of suppliers. Each product has a corresponding supplier, and the corresponding supplier needs a backup supplier, which can cope with the losses caused by force majeure risks. In addition, there needs to be a scoring mechanism for existing suppliers, which can better make suppliers have a sense of competition. Those who do not meet the requirements of supermarket procurement management for a long time can be eliminated, thus making the whole supermarket supply chain more perfect. For good suppliers, we can take them as our strategic partners to achieve mutual benefit. The management of the whole supply chain is not simple. It needs to be evaluated and managed from the aspects of product quality, product delivery and price management. Product quality is the most basic requirement. If the supplier can't even meet this requirement, it is necessary to rule out the supply cycle. For suppliers who are far away, it is necessary to provide real-time logistics information when delivering goods, which can not only guarantee the delivery date, but also allow us to sort out the inventory in advance according to this information. In addition, if there are problems in logistics, we can also find countermeasures in advance. Price management is particularly important, and it is necessary to have a corresponding system and formulate some price rules with suppliers. Because some products have different needs at different times, we need to have the following information for each product: minimum and maximum order quantity, production cycle and weekly production capacity, so as to have a better basis for ordering. If the purchase quantity is small, the logistics cost will increase for the supplier, so that a ladder price can be negotiated with the supplier, and a certain proportion of the price can be lowered when the quantity reaches a certain amount. In this way, suppliers can feel the sincerity of our cooperation and play a role in future cooperation. Developing potential suppliers is also a very important part of procurement management. If we don't look for new suppliers, we will be very passive. While managing existing suppliers, we will further develop effective potential suppliers. In this way, the supply chain can choose the best, improve the whole supermarket supply chain and improve our purchasing management. And we can find a more favorable price, which can further reduce the cost of the supermarket. This purchasing management model can maximize the profit of the supermarket.
3 commodity classification procurement management
At present, there are about five categories of hot-selling goods in supermarkets, including food, drinks, daily necessities, daily necessities and others. Different kinds of goods also have different purchasing management methods.
3. 1 food
Food generally includes instant noodles/biscuits/sausages/scattered food. These products have a long shelf life and stable sales. By analyzing the previous sales data, it is reasonable to prepare a quarterly inventory.
3.2 drinks
Drinks are generally divided into soft drinks/water/wine. First of all, we should know the location of the supermarket, whether it is a commercial area or a residential area. If the supermarket is located in the business district, there will be more demand for soft drinks and water and less demand for wine. In residential areas, the inventory of soft drinks and wine needs more, and the demand for water is relatively less. Through the preliminary analysis of the surrounding environment, a relatively reasonable purchase quantity can be summarized. Drinks have a long shelf life and can be purchased reasonably according to the inventory size.
3.3 Daily necessities
The demand for daily necessities is relatively stable. Towels/toothpaste/toothbrush/toilet paper/washing powder/shampoo/soap all take a long time. These products only need to be purchased according to the demand obtained from sales inventory, and one quarter's purchase is enough to meet the inventory. But some daily necessities are seasonal, such as slippers, which are only bought in summer, and wool products are only needed in winter. Through the analysis of sales data, we know the demand of these seasonal commodities. Purchasing products in winter in summer and purchasing products in summer in winter can not only meet the demand of the season, but also save a lot of costs.
3.4 Daily delivery
The purchase of Japanese jewelry is the most difficult kind of goods faced by purchasing management, because it needs to be analyzed from many aspects such as region, seasonality and popularity. For example, vegetables, the shelf life of most vegetables is generally only about 1 day, and consumers demand fresh vegetables of the day. Generally, the demand from Monday to Thursday will be less than that on weekends. According to the sales analysis, we can make reasonable purchases and avoid the waste caused by excessive purchases. For fruit, the reasonable purchase period is one week. If the fruit is not sold out, it should be sold at the cost price in the last two days to minimize the cost loss.
3.5 Other categories
Other types of procurement are relatively simple, the seasonality of tobacco, seasoning, oil and rice is not obvious, and their procurement is relatively stable, so it is only necessary to make reasonable procurement according to the analyzed demand and inventory capacity.
4 Other jobs
As the purchasing management of the supermarket, we should not only start from the inside of the supermarket, but also always pay attention to the first-hand information in the society, such as which products are disclosed in 3 15. If there is such a commodity in the supermarket, we need to reduce or stop purchasing it immediately. For example, some products are popular recently, and consumers must have demand. For this product, urgent procurement or replenishment is needed to meet the consumption brought by popularity. Paying attention to market pulsation can not only make reasonable purchases, but also reduce and cancel unnecessary purchases. We can also carry out strategic cooperation with long-term suppliers and ask for further preferential policies for goods with large demand to save money. Through this purchasing management operation, the cost of the supermarket can be effectively reduced and the overall competitiveness of the supermarket can be increased.
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