Excuse me, information utopia (how people produce knowledge)

I didn't expect the network to be so effective in gathering grassroots forces, whether it is fundraising or organizing activities. I think this is probably the biggest surprise of this competition. Barack? The Obama network is changing the way of human communication and thinking, and an information utopia is being born! The latest masterpiece of Obama campaign consultant and Harvard University professor Sunstein! This is an extraordinary book, which combines the latest achievements about how we get information and network development, and is more eye-catching than any book describing the prospects and risks of the information society. This beautiful and clear book is not only for experts but also for all of us. Lawrence? Lesger, a law professor at Stanford University, and the founder network of the knowledge sharing program have developed people's wisdom and gradually adapted people to the conflict between different viewpoints. The governance of such a big country can not be separated from each of us expressing our views freely, so that Qi Xin can make concerted efforts to collect firewood. He Weifang, law professor Keith? R. Sunstein's Utopia of Information attempts to deeply study the principles of communication, interaction and order in digital networks, and also discusses the global paradigm shift of politics and law. Its significance is self-evident. Ji Weidong, a law professor, is the spirit of the Internet, which can also be said to be the spirit of technology. The technical factor of new media is the fundamental reason for its revolution. The rapid development of science and technology has subverted people's way of life and thinking. Radicals even believe that the change in the nature of media brought by technology has a greater impact on society than the impact of media content on society. Yang Bin, editor-in-chief of He Xun. Internet has become an important means to promote the system reform and the development of civil society in contemporary China. For those who are enjoying this prosperity, this book may be worth reading. Han Xiao, scholar's brief introduction We are surrounded by infinite media networks from all directions. How can we ensure that the most accurate information stands out and attracts attention? In this book, Keith? R. Sunstein showed a profound optimistic understanding of the potential of human beings to accumulate information and use knowledge to improve their lives. In the era of information overload, it is easy for us to retreat to our own prejudice. The crowd will soon become a mob. The Iraq war, the bankruptcy of the safe, and the explosion of the Columbia manned space shuttle? These all come from the decisions made by leaders and organizations buried in the "information cocoon room". They use their preconceptions to avoid information with different opinions. How do leaders and ordinary people challenge narrow decision-making and approach the total amount of human knowledge? Many shocking new methods of sharing and aggregating information based on the Internet have helped companies, schools, governments and individuals not only acquire but also create more and more accurate knowledge. By constantly and excitedly correcting data automatically, Wikipedia covers everything from political and business plans to sports and science fiction culture, accumulating and refining information. Open source software allows many people to participate in the development of technology. Predicting market aggregation information can help companies (from computer manufacturers to Hollywood studios) make better decisions on product launches and job vacancies. Sunstein proved how people digest aggregated information without suffering from information explosion. When and why the new polymerization technology is so amazingly accurate. In a world where correct opinions and rumors are increasingly difficult to distinguish, the efforts of many people to get together online may provide the best way to realize information utopia. Author's Brief Introduction Book Catalogue: Dreams and Nightmares Chapter 1: The accidental power of many people Chapter 2: The amazing failure of the negotiating group Chapter 3: Four major problems Chapter 4: Currency, price and forecasting market Chapter 5: Many thinking minds: Wikipedia, open source software and blogs Chapter 6: Predicting and realizing the promised conclusion of reform Appendix: Forecasting market index; Postscript: suppose we want to solve controversial factual problems. This question may be related to past events: when was Calvin? Johncalvin coolidge was elected president? How high is the Eiffel Tower? Babe babe Ruth (How many home runs did you hit? Or it may involve a prediction of the future: will Iran or North Korea pose a real threat to American security? Is global warming a serious problem? Will the poverty rate or air pollutant concentration increase next year? Will a product be sold? What are the consequences of hurricanes? Will the flu hit Europe? Will endangered species be revived? A lot of evidence shows that under certain conditions, the most promising way to answer these questions is to ask a lot of people. Take the average answer. Like James? JamesSurowiecki emphasized in his inspiring book "The Wisdom of Groups" that in a sense, a large group of people are smarter than experts. When the relevant conditions are met, the average answer that we describe as the group's "statistical answer" is usually accurate, and this accuracy is measured according to the objectively revealed facts. Here is an example: in 2004, members of the American Baseball Research Association were asked to predict the winner of a baseball game. It is worth noting that among the 465,438+03 respondents, the vast majority correctly predicted all the first round winners: new york, Boston, Houston and St. Louis. At least it is worth noting that most accurately predicted that St. Louis would win the national league pennant, and most also predicted that the Red Sox would win the american league pennant. Most people also agree that the Red Sox will win the World Series. The choice of group support was 100% correct at that time. Another example: 1999, world chess champion Gary? Garry Kasparov agreed to fight the whole world. The competition is held online, and the world team will win or lose according to the majority of votes. Four young chess experts are asked to make possible suggestions, but the world team can still act according to the expectations of most people. In order to promote wider thinking, the walking speed is slowed down to allow one step every two days. Before the game began, it was widely believed that Kasparov would win easily. The players of the world team are hardly in the same level as Kasparov. How can we expect most of their opinions to be comparable to those of world champions? But this game is diamond cut diamond. After four months of fighting, Kasparov finally won. But he admitted that he had never worked so hard in his career. He declared that this was "the greatest game in the history of chess". Last example: To know whether a new movie is good or not, it is helpful to refer to the comments of local newspapers, especially if you know and believe the comments of critics. But for many people, it is more beneficial to aggregate the opinions of a large number of commentators and then take the average opinion as information about value.