What is the theme of prenatal consultation? Many pregnant women go to the hospital for prenatal consultation when they are just pregnant. Prenatal consultation includes prenatal diagnosis. Doctors in hospitals can judge the health status of pregnant women and fetuses. Let's introduce what is the topic of prenatal consultation.
What subject should prenatal consultation be linked to 1? General prenatal consultation can go to the hospital to hang obstetrics. Pay attention to fetal movement and rest in the third trimester. Under normal circumstances, the average number of fetal movements in the early, middle and late stages is 5- 10, and an average of less than 5 is abnormal. Pregnant women should feel fetal movement in a quiet environment with relaxed emotions. After 36 weeks of pregnancy, you can do fetal heart monitoring regularly every week 1 time.
What should be paid attention to in prenatal screening consultation?
1, strengthen physical exercise before pregnancy:
In particular, pregnant mothers who are picky eaters should get rid of this problem, ensure balanced nutrition, do a good job of health care during pregnancy, and let the fetus have enough nutrition during pregnancy.
2, pregnancy reaction should be improved:
Pregnant mothers with early pregnancy reaction can eat some sour food, which can be some cold dishes, so as to reduce pregnancy reaction, diversify food varieties and increase the appetite of pregnant mothers.
3. Keep yourself in a good mood:
Pregnant mothers will have pregnancy reactions during pregnancy. In order to reduce pregnancy reaction, pregnant mothers should keep a good mood and divert their attention. At the same time, they also need to insist on eating to ensure that the fetus is nutritious.
4, eliminate the burden of pregnancy:
Many pregnant mothers will worry about pregnancy, childbirth and other issues, and will be overly nervous during pregnancy. These all need the care of family members, and only by eliminating these burdens can we get pregnant healthily.
5. Pay attention to diet:
During pregnancy, pregnant mothers should eat less greasy and fishy food, mainly light food. If pregnant women have pregnancy reaction, they can eat less meals or some snacks they like.
Generally speaking, the author hopes that the above contents will be helpful to pregnant mothers. If there are other questions you don't understand, I suggest you consult a professional doctor as soon as possible.
What is the object of prenatal consultation? 2 What kind of pregnant women need prenatal diagnosis?
First, pregnant women with poor conditions.
(1) Older pregnant women over 30 years old.
(2) One of the spouses has a balanced chromosome translocation carrier.
(3) Sex-linked recessive gene carriers.
(4) Pregnant women or sick children with congenital metabolic diseases.
(5) Pregnant women with genetic family history or consanguineous marriage history.
Second, the previous birth experience was abnormal.
(1) Pregnant women who have given birth to chromosome abnormal children before.
(2) Those who have given birth to anencephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, cleft lip and palate and congenital heart disease.
(3) Unexplained abortion, stillbirth, teratoma or pregnant women with a history of neonatal death.
Third, pregnancy is not normal.
(1) Pregnant women who have been exposed to chemical poisons, radioactive substances or severe virus infections in the early pregnancy;
(2) This pregnancy has polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, developmental restriction, etc. And pregnant women suspected of having teratomas;
(3) Pregnant women with multiple pregnancies and assisted reproduction, including the first and second generation test-tube babies, and pregnant women receiving ovulation induction treatment;
(4) If pregnant women have cats and dogs, they have Toxoplasma gondii in the early pregnancy, or they have other infections and fever. Prenatal diagnosis is recommended.
What is the method of prenatal diagnosis?
First, observe the fetal structure.
Ultrasonic examination, X-ray examination, fetal endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. Used to observe whether the fetal structure is abnormal. Among them, ultrasound examination can be used to evaluate gestational age, determine the sex of intrauterine pregnancy, locate placenta, determine multiple pregnancies, and find structural abnormalities related to chromosome, metabolism and molecular inheritance.
Second, chromosome karyotype analysis
Fetal chromosome diseases were detected by amniotic fluid, villi and fetal cell culture. At gestational age 16-22 weeks, amniotic fluid 10-20ml was extracted under ultrasound guidance. Because amniotic fluid is rich in fetal exfoliated cells, it can be used to detect Down syndrome, 18 trisomy syndrome and Turner syndrome.
Third, genetic testing.
Using the techniques of fetal DNA molecular hybridization, restriction endonuclease, polymerase chain reaction and in-situ fluorescence hybridization, the nucleotide sequence of fetal gene was detected to diagnose fetal genetic diseases.
Fourthly, detection of gene products.
Protein, enzymes and metabolites were detected by amniotic fluid cells, chorionic cells or blood to diagnose fetal neural tube defects and congenital metabolic diseases.
What is the theme of prenatal consultation? 3 Introduction of prenatal diagnosis project
Prenatal diagnosis refers to the diagnosis of fetal congenital defects and hereditary diseases, including the corresponding screening. At present, prenatal diagnosis can be made by means of genetic counseling, medical imaging, biochemical immunity, cytogenetics and molecular genetics.
Main methods of prenatal diagnosis
1, B-ultrasound examination
2. Magnetic vibration
3. Amniocentesis
4, villi sampling
5. Fetal cord blood puncture
Among them, amniocentesis and villus sampling are the most commonly used methods for prenatal diagnosis.
Amniocentesis is mainly used for prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester. Doctors obtain free cells from fetal skin, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract by extracting amniotic fluid, and use these free cells to further analyze whether the fetal chromosome is abnormal. Amniocentesis is the most commonly used, safe and reliable medical prenatal diagnosis method at present, which is suitable for pregnancy 16-20 weeks. At this time, there are many amniotic fluid cells, strong viability in vitro, high success rate, and rare abortion and infection.
Chorionic sampling (CVS) refers to taking a small amount of villi through vagina or abdomen under the guidance of ultrasound in early pregnancy. Because chorionic villus is composed of fetal cells with outer trophoblast, it has advantages over amniocentesis in the second trimester if the screening of early pregnancy finds chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (2 1 trisomy syndrome),1trisomy syndrome and Turner syndrome. CVS can be used for early detection and diagnosis. On the one hand, it can greatly relieve the pressure of pregnant women; On the other hand, if it is necessary to terminate the pregnancy, the harm is less.
Applicable population for prenatal diagnosis
(1) Too much or too little amniotic fluid;
(2) The fetus has abnormal development or the fetus has suspicious malformation;
(3) Having been exposed to substances that may cause birth defects in the first trimester;
(4) Having a family history of hereditary diseases or having a baby with serious birth defects;
(five) at least 35 years of age.