1. The first hand acts as an adverb to explain the way of being collected, so it means "collecting in the first hand way", which is not a postattribute that defines the data, so it cannot be translated into "first hand data";
As you said, data is the central word of this structure, and collected first-hand is a past participle phrase as a postattribute, which means "data collected in a first-hand way".
3. The analysis of "first-hand data collection" given by the examination center can be divided into two levels: "first-hand (way) collection" and "data collection", so it is acceptable. However, your "first-hand information collected" has become "first-hand information" and "collected data", and it is unacceptable to misplace the first hand in the phrase "first hand collected" to the attribute of data.
4. In terms of emphasizing the collection of first-hand data ... (in ... /for ...) is an attribute that is emphasized, that is, "emphasizing the collection of first-hand data", that is, "emphasizing the collection of first-hand data".
Secondly, there are most citizens who make a living by traveling. They come here not to see the theatre, but to see Anne Hathaway's hut, Shakespeare's birthplace and other scenic spots.
1. Live on ... means "live" ... for food ",which is synonymous with" live "; "To a large extent" here means "to a large extent", so "most of the villagers' income comes from tourists" and "most of the villagers depend on tourists for their livelihood" are not correct, but "the villagers depend on tourists for their livelihood to a large extent";
2. Some villagers rely heavily on tourists who come here to make a living. (These tourists) don't come to watch sports competitions (or cultural performances), but to visit Anne Hathaway's cabin, Shakespeare's birthplace and other landscapes.