Usage of punctuation marks
● Punctuation song:
Period (. ) is a dot to show that you have finished.
Comma (,) dot with a tail, use it when you pause in a sentence.
Pause (,) is like a sesame spot, juxtaposed in the middle of the word.
Semicolon (; ) trailing two points is the midpoint of the clause.
The colon (:) is a dot, so you should write it at the end.
Question mark (? It sounds like an ear, indicating that a problem is over.
Exclamation mark (! Like a small bomb, it expresses surprise and exclamation.
Quotes (? ) Like a tadpole, there are quotations or dialogues in it.
The rhetoric between the lines is divided into single and double, and the inner single and outer double should be remembered.
Ellipsis (? ) six points means that the meaning is not over yet.
Underline (? A short horizontal line means that the topic of explanation turns.
The title of the book ("") is pointed at both ends with the title in the middle.
Parentheses () and square brackets [], and the annotation text is placed inside.
It's not difficult to learn punctuation, but only by watching and practicing more can you become proficient.
How to use punctuation marks in writing
● Basic definition
There is a pause before and after the sentence, with a certain sentence tone, indicating a relatively complete meaning. The pause before or after a sentence is a time interval in spoken language and is expressed by punctuation in written language. Generally speaking, sentences in Chinese are divided into the following categories:
Declarative sentence: a sentence used to explain facts.
Imperative sentence: a sentence used to ask the listener to do something.
Interrogative question: a sentence used to ask questions.
Exclamation sentence: a sentence used to express some strong feelings.
Compound sentences and clauses: organize small sentences with closely related meanings to form a big sentence. Such a big sentence is called a complex sentence, and every small sentence in a complex sentence is called a clause.
The language units that make up a sentence are words, that is, words and phrases (phrases). A word is the smallest language unit that can be used independently. A phrase, that is, a language unit composed of two or more words according to certain grammatical rules, is also called a phrase.
Punctuation marks are an integral part of written language and an indispensable auxiliary tool for written language. It helps people express their thoughts and feelings accurately and understand written language.
● Examples of punctuation instructions
(1) period.
1. Used at the end of a statement.
Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC).
2. Used at the end of soothing imperative sentences.
Can you hold for one moment, please?
(2) question mark?
1. Used at the end of a question.
What's his name?
2. Used at the end of rhetorical questions.
Don't you know me?
(3) exclamation point!
1. Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!
2. Used at the end of the imperative sentence.
Stop shooting!
3. Used at the end of rhetorical questions with strong tone.
I can't compare with him!
④ Comma,
1. If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma.
Most of the stars we can see are stars.
If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.
It should be noted that science needs a person to contribute his life's energy.
If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma.
He is no stranger to this city.
4. Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon.
It is said that there are more than one hundred gardens in Suzhou, and I have been to more than ten.
(5) pause,
Used for pauses between coordinate words in a sentence.
A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.
(6) semicolon;
1. Used for pauses between coordinate clauses in complex sentences.
Language is used by people to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes.
2. Used between items listed in the branch.
The administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) are as follows:
(1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
(2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities;
(3) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns.
(7) Colon:
1. is used after the salutation to indicate that the following contents are mentioned.
Comrades and friends: Is there a meeting now?
2. used for? Say, think, be, prove, announce, point out, reveal, for example, as follows? After the words, mention the following.
He was very surprised and said, ah, it's you! ?
3. Used after the general discussion, it indicates that it causes the following discussion.
There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen Gate, Shenwu Gate, Donghuamen Gate and Xihuamen Gate.
4. Used after the words that need to be explained, indicating that it leads to explanation or explanation.
Foreign language book fair
Date: 65438+1October 20th. As for165438+1October 10.
Time: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Venue: No.0/6, Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation.
5. Use it in the words summarized above to summarize the above contents.
Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University, Ping Li went to a secondary technical school, and I worked as a salesgirl in a department store: we all have a bright future.
(8) quotation marks
1. Used for the part directly quoted in the text.
? Full loss, little gain? This proverb has been circulating for at least two thousand years.
2. Used for objects that need to be emphasized.
The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, called? Things are in order? . ? what's up Is to have content? Batman? Is to be organized.
3. Used for words with special meanings.
Like this? Smart people? It's better to have less.
4. When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used in the outer layer and single quotation marks are used in the inner layer.
He stood up and asked, Teacher? Batman? What do you mean?
(9) Parentheses ()
The part used for written comments. Annotate some words in the sentence, including the comments immediately after the annotation words; Annotate the whole sentence, including the comments after punctuation marks at the end of the sentence.
(1) Chinese ape-man (full name? Chinese ape-man Beijing species? , or abbreviation? Beijingers? China's discovery is a great contribution to paleoanthropology.
Writing research articles is different from literary creation, so you can't spread out the manuscript paper? Improvisation? . In fact, literary creation must have culture? Improvisation? . )
(10) dash-
1. The part used to explain the text.
Step into the Golden Gate, pass through the spacious wind hall and cloakroom, and you will reach the central hall, the pivotal part of the building of the Great Hall.
2. Used to change the subject suddenly.
? It's too hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? Zhang Qiang said to Wang who just entered the door.
3. Used for sound expansion after onomatopoeia.
? Wow-the train has started.
4. Use before listing the items to share.
According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches:
Environmental acoustics;
-Environmental optics;
-Ambient heat;
-Environmental electromagnetism;
-Ambient aerodynamics.
(1 1) Omit?
1. is used to omit quotation marks.
She hummed "lullaby" gently: the moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window lattice.
2. Ellipsis of enumeration.
In the flower market in Guangzhou, peony, hanging bell, narcissus, plum blossom, chrysanthemum, camellia and orchid? The flowers in spring, summer, autumn and winter are crowded together!
3. Used in the middle of discourse, indicating that the explanation is intermittent.
? Me? Excuse me. Everyone, me? No? Is it finished? Mission. ?
(12) Connection number?
1. Two related nouns form a unit of meaning with a hyphen in the middle.
Qinling Mountains in China? The area north of Huaihe River belongs to temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter.
2. Between related times, places or numbers, the beginning and the end are indicated by connected numbers.
Lu Xun (188 1? 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
3. Between related letters and Arabic numerals. , using the connection number to indicate the product model.
In the Pacific region, in addition to the hawthorn that has been built and put into use? 4 and TPC? In addition to submarine optical cable, there are TPC? Four submarine optical cables were put into operation.
4. Several related projects indicate gradual development with a hyphen in the middle.
Human development can be divided into, ancient apes? Ape? The ancients? These four stages of newcomers.
(13) interval number?
1. Names used to distinguish foreigners from some ethnic minorities.
Leonardo? Da? Finch, Eisingiro? aisin gioro nurgaci
2. Used to separate the title of the book from the title of the article (chapter or volume).
Encyclopedia of China? Physics, The Three Kingdoms? Shu zhi? Zhuge Liang biography.
(14) Title ""
Used for titles of books, articles, newspapers, publications, etc.
The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is Cao Xueqin.
In the text, there is an article written by Lu Xun, "From Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue".
His article was published in People's Daily.
There is a book "The Language of China" on the desk.
The preface of China Workers was published on February 7th 1940.
Read and preview the second grade Chinese text book 13 "Drawing Carambola"
Draw carambola
Once in a painting class, the teacher put two carambolas on the lecture table and asked the students to draw. My seat is near the front row, and the two Yang Taos on the podium are facing me. The carambola I saw was not what I usually saw, but something with five corners. I read it carefully, drew honestly, and thought it was accurate.
When I handed in this painting, several students in my class saw it and laughed.
? Is carambola like this?
? Just say it's a five-pointed star! ?
The teacher looked at the picture, sat down in my seat, looked at the carambola on the table, then returned to the lecture table, raised my page of drawing paper and asked everyone:
? This portrait?
? Do not like it! ?
? What does it look like?
? Like a pentagram! ?
The teacher's expression became serious. After a while, he asked again. Draw a carambola into a five-pointed star. Is it funny? Laugh! ? Several students scrambled to answer and giggled at the same time.
So, the teacher asked these students to sit in my seat in turn. He said to the first classmate who sat down. Now look at that carambola. Is it like the carambola you usually see?
? No ..... like what? ?
? So, what is it like? ?
? Like a pentagram. ?
? All right, next. ?
The teacher told the students to return to their seats, and then said kindly, Did everyone find out? Carambola is different from different angles. When I see others painting carambola as a five-pointed star, don't be too busy laughing, but look at the perspective of others. ?
I will never forget what the teacher taught me.
You are really good at reading. Let's cheer for you!