First, ingredients; Xinyi city Kangyuan Edible Fungi Institute 05 16-:88939450
Main raw materials: corn cob, corn stalk, cottonseed hull, peanut hull, soybean stalk, rice straw (chaff) sawdust and other agricultural products can be used as cultivation raw materials. Choose one or a mixture of several. Dosage: 85-90%.
Accessories: wheat bran: 10- 15% (or rice bran); Quicklime: 1-3-% (used at high temperature, less at low temperature); Gypsum powder:1%; Carbendazim 0.1-0.2%; Water: 140- 180%.
2. Fermentation: fully mixing the main materials with bran, gypsum and lime; Carbendazim is dissolved in water and added. Stir while adding water, preferably stepping on the material to make the material absorb water as soon as possible; After adding enough water for about 2 hours, hold the material with your hands, and it is advisable to have water drops dripping between your fingers; In spring and early autumn, when the temperature is high and the climate is dry, add more water (drop 5-6 drops between your fingers); Add less water in late autumn and early winter (2-3 drops between your fingers. )
Then pile the materials into a long pile with the length and width of 1.2- 1.5m respectively, and the length is not limited. Note: When stacking materials, handle them with care. It is forbidden to crush the material surface, so as not to affect the ventilation of the material pile. A wooden stick with a diameter of 10- 15 cm can be used to increase the air permeability in the pile. After stacking, cover the surface of the material with grass stalks, and then cover with plastic film. Generally, after 30-40 hours, the temperature of the pile can be raised to about 60 degrees, so that it can continue to ferment, and the pile can be turned over for the first time after 24 hours. Piling should be done at noon, and the action should be quick and light. The original pile should be turned upside down and turned inside to make the material heated evenly as far as possible; According to the shape of the first pile, cover grass and plastic film in turn. About 8- 10 hour, the material temperature rises to 60 degrees again, and the pile is turned over for the second time at noon the next day; Once a day, * * * 3-4 times.
Fermented culture materials should be brown, with obvious fragrance, and should not have sour, smelly and other peculiar smells; There are sometimes white spots on the surface of the material, but there must be no long hair or yellow-green mildew spots. Spread the fermented culture material, cool it to below 30 degrees, and bag it.
Thirdly, bagging and sowing.
Cut a plastic tube with a flat width of 22-26cm into 45-52cm, and tie one end tightly. First, put a layer of bacteria, and fill it with about 10cm, then put another layer of bacteria, and fill it with three layers of materials and four layers of bacteria. There are more strains at both ends and less strains in the middle two layers, which are placed along the bag wall; When loading, it should be compacted with the loading: tight at both ends, tight around and loose in the middle. 8- 10 Use small nails to drill holes in each layer of bacteria for ventilation, and then enter the culture room for bacterial growth.
Fourth, bacteria
The culture room and surrounding environment should be kept clean. Before the bacteria bags enter the site, the walls and floors should be scrubbed with 5% lime water. After air drying, fumigate with aerosol disinfectant (2g/m2) or formaldehyde (5-10ml/m2) and dichlorvos to kill insects.
When the temperature is above 28 degrees, put the bacteria bag alone; If the temperature is lower than 28 degrees, it can be stacked horizontally, with 2-5 heights depending on the temperature. After three days of fruiting, the temperature of the fungus bag should be checked 3-5 times a day, and the surface temperature of the fungus bag should be kept below 28 degrees. Once it is exceeded, it is necessary to turn over the pile in time, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and reduce the number of stacked layers. The high temperature of the materials in the bag is the main reason for the failure of fungus growth! Generally, hyphae can fully grow in the whole bag in 20-35 days, and then transfer to mushroom production management.
Fifth, mushrooms.
When the mycelium grows for 3-5 days, artificially increase the temperature difference between day and night in the mushroom house and increase the humidity in the mushroom house. After 5- 10 days, dense black spots appeared on the surface of some bags, which were the primordia of Pleurotus ostreatus. At this time, it is necessary to increase the ventilation of the mushroom house and maintain the relative humidity of about 85% to promote the dissemination of the original substrate as soon as possible; Cut 2-3 holes in the bag head with a blade in time to facilitate the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus from the holes. With the continuous growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, the ventilation and humidity of the mushroom room are gradually increased, and spraying less, more and more frequently; Try not to spray water on the young mushrooms.
The light requirement is not high, and the light of the newspaper can be clearly seen indoors or in the greenhouse to meet the requirements.
When the mushroom cap is fully unfolded, it should be harvested in time. The harvest is too late, the quality drops, and the yield drops.
After harvesting mushrooms for one crop, thoroughly remove the residual roots, spray nutrients once, cultivate mushrooms with plastic film for 5-7 days, uncover the plastic film after restoring the original base, and manage normally. Generally, you can harvest 4-6 crops of mushrooms. In order to make full use of raw materials, after the production of the second crop of mushrooms, uncovering the film and covering the soil to form a mushroom wall or growing mushrooms in a sunny bed can solve the contradiction between dehydration of culture materials and fruiting, and obtain higher economic benefits.