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Nanjing (abbreviated as Ning), known as Jinling and Jiankang in ancient times, is the capital of Jiangsu Province, a sub-provincial city, a megacity, and the core city of Nanjing metropolitan area [1]. It is the shipping and logistics center of yangtze river international, an important gateway city of the country driven by the radiation of the Yangtze River Delta, one of the four ancient capitals of China, and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. It is known as the "Ancient Capital of the Six Dynasties" and "Metropolis of the Ten Dynasties".
Nanjing is located in the east of China, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, near the river and in the southwest of Jiangsu Province, with a subtropical monsoon climate. Famous scenic spots include Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming Mausoleum, Ming City Wall, Xuanwu Lake, Confucius Temple, Zijin Mountain and Jiming Temple.
1 evolution of organizational system
The development of history
Historically, Nanjing has benefited and suffered from its unique geographical location and extraordinary geomantic scenery. In the past, Nanjing suffered many military disasters, but it also rebuilt its prosperity from the ruins many times. When China was occupied by foreigners and the Han nationality was about to suffer extinction, the Han nationality usually chose Nanjing to recuperate and aspire to the Northern Expedition and restore China. Daming and the success of the second Northern Expedition in the Republic of China; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xiao Liang and Liu Song were defeated in the Northern Expedition. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, ministers unanimously agreed to take Jiankang as the capital and restore the Central Plains. To their regret, Song Gaozong had no intention of the Northern Expedition, but was forced by public opinion to make Jinling its capital. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom takes Nanjing as its capital, and it also takes the expulsion of alien rule as one of its mobilization bases and legitimacy. Therefore, Nanjing is regarded as the revival place of the Han nationality and has a special position and value in the history of China. Therefore, after comparing the four ancient capitals of Chang 'an, Luoyang, Jinling and Yanjing, Mr. Zhu said: "These four metropolitan cities are rich in literature, handsome in people, beautiful in mountains and rivers and magnificent in weather, which is closely related to the national crisis, especially Jinling."
There were ancient human activities in Nanjing from 10000 to 12000, and apes lived in Nanjing more than 350,000 to 60,000 years ago. Nanjing ape-man fossils were unearthed in Tangshan Paleolithic cultural site, which was the earliest human life relic discovered in Nanjing in February1year. The excavation of Nanjing ape-man fossils is an important discovery of world significance in the field of paleoanthropology and paleolithic archaeology in China. Two species were found in the same fossil site, and Nanjing is the only place in the world. This not only makes the "Nanjing Ape Cave" the only place in the world where two human species are found in the same fossil site, but also provides a strong basis for the multi-origin theory of human beings. China people did not originate in Africa.