1 the role of construction drawing in building construction
1. 1 makes the engineering image more intuitive and concrete.
The text of the design scheme describes the concept, ideas, methods, process and results of the project in detail, while the construction drawing shows the design results with concrete images. With the help of drawings, the owner can have a general intuitive impression of the engineering design results, and initially understand whether the design intention and design focus are consistent with the preset effect. Taking the construction drawing as the communication medium can enhance the communication effect with the design and construction units.
1.2 is beneficial to the reasonable arrangement of the construction plan.
All the information contained in the construction drawing covers the elevation control of different parts of the project, material selection and the relative positions of various components. According to the requirements of the total time limit for a project, the construction procedures of various subdivisional works, their interrelationships and influences, and the limitations of personnel's equipment configuration and weather, geology and other objective environments, the technical and management personnel make real-time arrangements and adjustments to specific construction plans and steps, so as to realize more scientific and flexible construction control measures [1].
1.3 is an important basis for budget and cost control.
Before the project construction, the budget work should be carried out. According to the project cost budget, the owner pays a certain proportion of money to the construction unit in advance for various construction preparations such as water supply, power supply, access and site leveling, as well as the procurement of building materials. The accurate compilation of project budget and cost is mainly based on high-quality construction drawings. Through the continuous optimization of construction drawings, the project investment can be significantly reduced under the premise of ensuring the same building function. For example, during the period of 20 12, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, foreign investors invested in new industrial plants with a planned area of about 71000 m2. After many effective communication between investors and designers, the roof structure design was finally determined to be 345 from 235 in the original design drawing, and the reinforcement material used in the construction drawing was upgraded to a higher level, and the C-shaped purlin was replaced by Z-shaped purlin.
1.4 is convenient for later maintenance.
After the project is completed and put into use, various quality problems will inevitably appear, such as cracks, water seepage, aging lines and so on. Or the actual operation needs to remove or add some facilities, which requires a detailed understanding of the concealed works of the building, and the construction drawing is the most powerful reference. In the construction drawings, the internal structure of concealed works and the detailed structure of special parts are marked and explained in detail. Based on the construction drawings, the owner or operation management unit can carry out detailed and in-place maintenance of the project, accurately find the root cause of the problem and improve the efficiency of problem handling. It can also accurately judge the influence of removing or adding facilities on local and overall projects, further judge the necessity of removing or adding a facility, and provide basic help for accurate decision-making [2].
2 Problems and optimization strategies in construction drawing design
2. 1 There is a problem.
(1) Consciousness deviation.
The construction drawing is the result of the designer's mental work, which is closely related to the designer's subjective consciousness, and the deviation of consciousness is mainly reflected in the design idea being too open or too conservative. The design idea is too open, which is mainly reflected in the fact that engineering designers blindly seek innovation and change in the design process of the project, pay too much attention to the visual shock effect of the building appearance and ignore the coordination between the building and the surrounding environment, the reasonable safety of the building stress and the construction cost, which not only leads to the decline of the quality of the design results, but also increases the project budget for no reason; Conservative design ideas are mainly reflected in the consideration of building strength and safety. The shear wall thickness of high-rise buildings is too large, but the lateral displacement value is greatly reduced, even lower than the requirements of codes and standards, which directly leads to the limited seismic grade of buildings, low seismic strength, increased material consumption and construction workload, and reduced the economic benefits of construction units [3].
(2) The quality of design results is difficult to guarantee.
There are many problems in building construction drawings, such as many design defects and great difficulty in actual construction of design results. The fundamental reason is that the designer's professional technical level and design experience are insufficient, or the site of the proposed project is not investigated in detail and in depth according to the engineering construction and design procedures, and the accuracy of the basic design data is not further verified, resulting in insufficient design depth or major deviation. In addition, an engineering design is completed by different people in a design team. However, due to the lack of information communication and technical exchange between designers in charge of different distributed projects, different people will have great differences in the choice of the same technical standard within the scope of their design tasks, which will greatly increase the probability of design defects or defects in the joint parts of different distributed projects of the same building project. For example, in the irrigation engineering design of water conservancy projects, due to the limitation of topographic conditions, the design of aqueduct and pumping station will be involved, and the design of pumping station workshop and aqueduct structure is often undertaken by different designers. If the design team lacks necessary communication, there will be differences in the selection of basic parameters such as irrigation accuracy, which will lead to different calculation and control standards for different sub-projects, and there will be design defects such as mismatch between aqueduct water delivery capacity and pumping station processing capacity.
2.2 Design optimization strategy
(1) Information communication and technical exchange should be strengthened among design team members.
Effective cooperation between designers is an effective way to realize experience exchange and technical discussion, and it is also the key to complement each other and improve the overall design quality of the project. On the one hand, designers should establish correct and appropriate design concepts, which should not only conform to the progress trend of the times and technology, but also put an end to unrealistic novelty; On the other hand, we should actively improve our professional knowledge and quality to meet the growing demand for design talents in the field of architectural design. In addition, the internal contact and communication of the design team should be strengthened, and the contact between various design links or different distributed engineering design tasks must be well connected to ensure that the design deviation will be minimized [4].
(2) Strictly review the design drawings.
Construction drawing review is a key measure to reduce design errors and design defects, which is of great significance to ensure design quality. Due to the limitation of professional quality, ideological understanding and design experience of designers, there are bound to be some problems and defects in the design results of construction drawings. The blue prints.the design is to diagnose and judge the design results and reduce the probability of construction quality problems caused by design defects. For example, in the construction drawing design of a comprehensive building in a certain place in 2006, the total construction area was 1.8 million m2, and the total number of floors in the building was 1.5. In the original design, the bottom foundation structure is composed of four layers of steel bars, and the structural form between the transfer floors in the building is thin-walled special-shaped columns. The overall stiffness of the building is very fragile and the natural earthquake period is long. The lateral stiffness ratio near the transfer story is seriously unbalanced, which is far from the requirements of the code. The foundation is mainly sandstone, and the bearing capacity can basically meet the building requirements. The foundation form adopted in the design is anchor pile fixation. If there is no blue prints.the design for this project, all construction operations will be carried out according to the original design results. Not only the overall safety of the building is worrying, but also the seismic problems of the building are hardly considered. It is precisely because these problems were found and solved in the joint review of drawings that great economic losses were avoided for the country and the safety and quality of buildings were effectively and reliably improved.
(3) Shorten the distance between the construction drawings and the actual construction, and improve the construction feasibility of the construction drawings.
The construction drawing is the intellectual achievement of a design team, the most direct basis for all the work in the construction operation, and it must have high construction feasibility. Take building construction as an example: in the construction drawing, in addition to the basic structural dimensions of the building frame, the height of the fire door of the underground garage should also be refined. When different fire zones are involved in large-scale construction drawings, each fire zone should be distinguished and marked on the design drawings, and the detailed dimensions of stairs or elevators should be marked in detail. For public buildings or tower residential projects, the more detailed, the more conducive to the construction work.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, the important role of construction drawing in construction practice is self-evident. Only by paying full attention to the importance of construction drawings, actively exploring and discovering potential problems in drawing design, and intuitively avoiding and improving them, is the fundamental way to fully ensure that the design can be highly compatible with construction practice.
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