Characteristics of the Economic Development of the Four Little Dragons
South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan Province Province of China and Hongkong of China all belong to countries (or regions) with small land area, few industrial and mining resources, but superior geographical location and special relations with western developed countries. Their economic development has some distinctive features:
(1) is growing rapidly. Since 1960s, the average annual growth rate of GNP has approached or exceeded 10%.
(2) exports expanded rapidly. The total export value of Taiwan Province province 1970 is 9 times that of 1960, and 1980 is 3 times that of/kloc-0. The total export volume of Korea 1980 was 534 times that of Korea 1960; The total export volume of Singapore 1980 is more than 20 times that of 1965.
③ Great changes have taken place in the economic structure. The proportion of Korean agriculture in the national economy decreased from 47.4% in 196 1 year to 15% in 1985, and the industrial and mining industries increased from 16.5% to 33.4%. The proportion of agriculture in Taiwan Province Province of China decreased from 35.7% in 1952 to 1978+02. 1%, and the proportion of industry increased from 17.9% to 40.3%. China, Hongkong and Singapore have also changed from entrepot to industrial city.
④ The per capita national income level has increased rapidly.
(5) Unemployment is reduced and income distribution is relatively even. In the 1980s, the unemployment rate in these countries and regions fell below 4%, and the income distribution was more even than that in the United States, Japan and other countries.
The following factors have promoted the economic development of South Korea, Singapore, China, Taiwan Province Province of China and Hongkong of China:
(1) A more favorable development environment for the outside world. From 1950s to 1970s, the rapid economic development of the major developed countries in the world provided good external conditions for the export-oriented development of the four Asian Little Dragons. The scientific and technological revolution has turned the production in developed countries into technology and capital-intensive industries, while the four little dragons in Asia have high-quality and cheap labor resources, which just happened to develop labor-intensive industries. The stability of East Asia also enables them to focus on economic development.
② Implement correct economic policies. Since the late 1950s, China and Taiwan Province Province have abandoned Keynesian policies and adopted policies such as currency devaluation to promote exports, raising interest rates to curb inflation, and stimulating residents' savings to open up investment sources. South Korea also followed the example of China and Taiwan Province Province, devaluing its currency and raising interest rates. Singapore, China and Hongkong seized the favorable opportunity to transform consumer cities into industrial cities.
③ Give full play to the positive role of the government. The governments of the four little dragons in Asia have created favorable conditions for economic development in all aspects, and actively participated in investment and proper economic management.
④ Excellent cultural traditions of China. The four little dragons in Asia belong to the Chinese cultural area (also known as the Han cultural circle or the Confucian cultural circle). In the process of economic development, everyone pays attention to carrying forward the tradition of attaching importance to education, being willing to endure hardships and being thrifty.
⑤ The influence of western values: Hong Kong and Singapore were under British colonial rule, and were deeply influenced in law, education and economy. Taiwan Province Province and South Korea were deeply influenced by the United States after the 1950' s, and were able to connect with the western value system and economic system.
affect
These countries or regions experienced rapid economic growth from11960s to1980s in the 20th century, but before that, they were only developing countries or regions mainly engaged in agriculture and light industry. They took advantage of the transfer of labor-intensive industries from western developed countries to developing countries, attracted foreign investment and technology, used the advantages of local labor force to adjust their economic development strategies in time, and quickly embarked on the road of developed countries or regions, becoming one of the economic locomotives in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.
Since then, the development of the Four Little Dragons in Asia has been used for reference by many Asian countries, such as the Four Little Dragons in Asia. After 10 years, the economy has developed greatly. However, this development model has left many drawbacks, and excessive dependence on international capital has become a hidden worry in the economy, which is considered to be one of the reasons for the huge losses caused by the Asian financial crisis.
On the Translation of "Four Little Dragons in Asia"
The English translation of "Four Little Dragons of Asia" is "Newly Industrial Economics", which is referred to as "newly industrialized countries (regions)", especially in academic journals and books, which are generally translated into NIEs, with little literal translation. But there are also some expressions in English, such as "East Asian Tiger", "Four Little Dragons of Asia" and "Four Little Dragons of Asia", which refer to the four little dragons of Asia. (In addition, in Asia, especially in Chinese-speaking areas, there are four Asian Little Dragons and other meaning, which refer to Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Their economies all developed by leaps and bounds like the Asian Four Little Dragons in the1990s, hence the name. )
GNP
Per capita GNP of countries or regions ranked in the world (USD)
1 1 Korea 768.458 billion USD 1573 1 USD.
20 Taiwan Province Province, China, 353.91.70 billion USD 1.536 1 USD.
Hongkong, China1871.1.200 million USD 2696 1 USD.
39 Singapore1254438+0.6 billion USD 27932 USD