The Central Economic Work Conference listed ensuring food security as the first of the six major tasks of economic work next year. Under the background of non-grain land transfer, China's food security has increased new uncertainty.
At this week's Central Rural Work Conference, food security will be a topic of great concern.
After the land transfer, most of them stopped growing grain.
With the further support of land transfer policy, various localities have set goals to speed up the process of land transfer and move towards large-scale planting. However, the phenomenon of "non-grain" after centralized circulation of agricultural land is worthy of vigilance.
The reporter started from Minquan County, Henan Province, and drove northeast along provincial highway 2 1 1 until the junction of Henan and Shandong. The scenery along the way of more than 30 kilometers is all flat wheat fields. Due to the large number of rural families in Henan Province, the contracted land actually allocated to each family is only a few acres or so.
A farmer surnamed Liu in Minquan County, Henan Province told the reporter that a kilo of wheat should be 1.3 yuan. When the harvest is good, planting an acre of wheat can earn six or seven hundred yuan, and there are always more than six acres at home. It takes only four or five thousand yuan a year to grow wheat. "In the face of a large family to feed, if local vegetables can form a reliable market, I will also consider growing vegetables."
"Compared with growing grain, if the land is transferred out, you can get the rent of 800 kilograms of wheat every year, and people can go out to work to make money." The chairman of a cooperative in Shunhe Township, Minquan County told the National Business Daily that it is not uncommon for the whole village to circulate in Henan's civil rights.
However, the rent of this 800 Jin wheat is a double-edged sword. For cooperatives and enterprises that transfer land, growing grain is not such a suitable choice. "Now the transfer rent of an acre of land is about 1000 yuan, and the price of employees is 20~40 yuan every day. In addition, seeds, pesticides and fertilizers all cost money. " The chairman of the above-mentioned cooperative said, "In this way, the income from planting iron bars, pears and fields will be higher than that from growing grain."
The reporter of National Business Daily learned in Minquan County, Henan Province that although most of the transferred land belongs to basic farmland, due to the large area of land transferred by large professional households, most of the transferred basic farmland no longer grows grain, which means high investment and high risk.
Food security faces multiple problems.
In fact, the phenomenon of non-agricultural land transfer has long attracted attention, especially after enterprises transfer land, they will not grow grain.
Han Jun, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, previously revealed at the CCTV Financial Forum that from the survey in Jiangsu, only 1% of industrial and commercial capital planted rice after entering agriculture. "If the enterprise rents farmers' land to grow grain, the rent for an acre of land in the northeast is 800 yuan, central 1.000 yuan, and coastal 1.500 yuan. Even if the enterprise has the ability, it will rent farmland to grow food.
Because China's grain price is too low, if enterprises grow grain, combined with labor costs, production resources and other factors, the profit of growing grain is not enough to repay the loan interest, and the advantage of farmers lies in their unpaid labor costs. Han Jun believes that compared with farmers, enterprises cannot grow grain.
Moreover, due to the pressure of internal expansion and development and the impulse of external profit-seeking after the emergence of new production and operation entities such as enterprises, "non-grain" planting is a natural choice in the case of low grain efficiency.
At the beginning of this year, a report released by the Ministry of Agriculture showed that by the end of February 20 12, the area of cultivated land contracted by households nationwide had reached 270 million mu, of which 28 million mu had flowed into industrial and commercial enterprises, and only 6% of households rented land to grow grain in some areas.
At present, the central government has no strict requirements for enterprises to grow grain after land transfer, but only emphasizes encouraging and guiding urban industrial and commercial capital to develop breeding industries suitable for enterprise management in rural areas, and only requires preventing enterprises from carrying out non-agricultural production.
The grain self-sufficiency rate has remained above 80%.
Zhang Xiaoshan, a researcher at China Academy of Social Sciences, told reporters that the economic benefits of growing grain are lower than those of planting other cash crops. After land transfer concentration, the realistic choice of new business entities based on cost and profit considerations tends to plant cash crops.
However, He Xuefeng, director of China Rural Governance Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told the reporter of National Business Daily that there is an oversupply of agricultural products, and the proportion of agricultural products is 70% of grain and 30% of cash crops. "There is a balance here. The capital risk of growing grain is small and the income is low, while the income of cash crops is high but it is also accompanied by high risks."
It is reported that the core content of Central No.1 this year will be to ensure food security and adjust the self-sufficiency rate of wheat, rice and corn. Among them, the three main data under discussion are: the self-sufficiency rate of food rations has basically reached 100%, the self-sufficiency rate of grain has basically remained above 90%, and the overall self-sufficiency rate of grain in China has remained above 80% for a long time. This means no longer sticking to the previous 95% food self-sufficiency rate red line.
"If the grain price is liberalized, it will inevitably lead to an increase in the cost of land transfer, which will eventually be transmitted to the agricultural product market and further increase the cost of grain production. However, the current' holding market price' and' policy price' will make the market useless. " Zhang Xiaoshan believes that the government should mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and new subjects to grow grain, and the next step should focus on exploring reasonable agricultural subsidies in the production and sales of grain.
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