Source: Pre-Qin Confucius and his disciples "Twelve Chapters of the Analects of Confucius"
Original text:
Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? " Study and study
Ceng Zi said: "I save three times a day: are you unfaithful to others?" Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? "Learning and learning.
Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. " Engage in politics
Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." Engage in politics
Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." Engage in politics
Confucius said, "OK, come back! A spoonful of food, a spoonful of drink, in the mean lane, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their fun when they go back. Xian zai, you come back! " Yongye
Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." Yongye
Confucius said, "Eat less and drink more, bend your arms and pillow it, and have fun." Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. "Shure
Confucius said: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " Schul
Zi said in Sichuan: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night." Zihan
Confucius said, "The three armed forces can win the position of commander in chief, but ordinary men can't win the ambition." Zihan
Xia Zi said, "I am knowledgeable and determined, and I am eager to ask questions and think about them. Benevolence is among them. " Zhangzi
Translation:
Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to learn (knowledge) and then review it at a certain time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know me, but I'm not angry. Am I not a person with moral cultivation? "
Ceng Zi said, "I ask myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to do something for others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed the knowledge taught by the teacher? "
Confucius said: "I became interested in learning when I was fifteen." At the age of thirty, I can do things independently. At the age of forty, I don't have to be confused. At the age of fifty, I learned what human resources can't control. Sixty years old, I can listen to different opinions. At the age of seventy, I can do whatever I want without overstepping the bounds. "
Confucius said, "If you review what you have learned, you can get new knowledge and experience from it, so you can be a teacher by virtue of it."
Confucius said: "If you just study without thinking, you will feel confused and at a loss. If you just dream of not studying, you will be full of doubts and have no fixed opinions. "
Confucius said, "How noble the quality of Yan Hui is! A basket of rice and a ladle of water, living in a humble alley, others can't stand this kind of poverty, but Yan Hui didn't change his interest in learning. How noble the quality of Yan Hui is! "
Confucius said: "people who know how to learn are not as good as those who like to learn;" People who like learning can't compare with those who enjoy learning. "
Confucius said, "Eat coarse grains all day, drink cold water, bend your arms as a pillow and enjoy yourself." I regard the wealth obtained by improper means as a cloud in the sky. "
Confucius said, "When many people walk together, one of them will be my teacher. I choose his good aspects to learn from him. When I see his bad aspects, I will correct my shortcomings for myself. "
Confucius sighed by the river: "Everything that has passed away flows like a river, day and night."
Confucius said, "The commander-in-chief of the three armed forces can be changed, but the ambition of a man cannot be changed."
Xia Zi said: "I read widely and learn from others. I can stick to my ambition, ask questions seriously and think more about current events. Benevolence is one of them. "
Precautions:
Zi: In ancient times, it refers to Confucius.
Time to study: review on time. On time.
Not bad: is it enjoyable? Not so good ... almost, often used as a euphemism. Say it, hand in fake words and say "yue", and everyone is happy.
Li: Angry, angry.
Gentleman: This refers to people with moral cultivation and talent.
Me: Personal pronoun, me.
Day: Every day.
Three provinces: self-examination for many times. Third, it means many times. Say, actually refers to three aspects. Province, self-examination and reflection.
Plan for others: Plan things for others.
Loyalty: Do your best.
Faith: sincerity.
Chuan: imparting, here refers to the knowledge imparted by the teacher.
Five tenths: fifteen. Yes, like "you", it is used between integers and zero.
Standing: Standing means being able to achieve something. Stand up, stand up.
Confusion: confusion, doubt.
Fate: providence. The ancients believed that heaven was the master of all things in the world. Life, command.
Yishun: There are many explanations for this. It is generally believed that different opinions can be heard.
Do what you want: obey your wishes.
Overtime: beyond the law. Over. over. Moment, statutes.
Review the old and learn new: review the old and learn new, and you can gain new knowledge and experience.
W m 4 ng (W M 4 ng): Confused means confused and at a loss.
Dai: Doubt.
Hui: That is, Yan Hui (52 BC1-490 BC), Zi Ziyuan, a native of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, was a disciple of Confucius.
Reed: a round bamboo vessel used to make rice in ancient times.
K: I can stand it.
One: pronouns, here refers to study and career. I said benevolence.
Author: pronoun, "the person".
Good: love, hobbies.
Le: Take it ... as a pleasure.
Eat coarse grains and drink cold water. Rice, eat. Thin food, coarse grains. Water, cold water is called "water" and hot water is called "soup" in classical Chinese.
G not G not gōng: the part of the arm from the shoulder to the elbow, which refers to the arm here.
Y: Preposition, right, right.
Like a cloud: like a cloud.
Yan: Here, it means inside.
Good people: good aspects, advantages. Good, good. That man, ...
Kawakami: By the river. Sichuan, rivers.
The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night: time is like a river, day and night. Die, go; Leave. Si, pronoun, this, refers to the river "Fu" is a modal particle, which is used at the end of a sentence to express an exclamation.
Three services: refers to the army.
Grasp: change.
Man: refers to the man among the common people, here generally refers to the common people.
Midsummer (before 507-? ): Shang Bo, a native of Xia Zi, a native of the State of Jin in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was a disciple of Confucius.
Career: Strong ambition. Tu, hold on.
Ask questions carefully and think carefully: ask questions carefully and think more about current events. Seriously, seriously.
Benevolence: benevolence.
Classical Chinese knowledge:
First, interchangeable characters
Say: the same as "Yue" and "Le".
Have: same as "have", used between integer and zero.
Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times
1, always learn
Time, ancient meaning: according to a certain time; Meaning: time.
Learning, the ancient meaning: reviewing the present meaning: learning
I save myself three times a day.
Heaven, ancient meaning: every day; Today: a day.
Third, the ancient meaning: generally refers to the majority, the present meaning: numerals, three.
3, review the old and learn the new
Therefore, the ancient meaning: old knowledge; Modern meaning: past, ancient
4. Choose the good one and follow it.
Good people, the ancient meaning: advantages; Modern meaning: a kind person.
From, the ancient meaning: follow (learn); Modern significance: follow.
5. You can be a teacher.
Ancient meaning: you can rely on it; Meaning: possibility, permission
Third, the word is polysemy.
Used for:
(1) Disloyal for the people (for
(2) Being a teacher
And:
Learn from time to time (to show obedience, then, then)
People don't know, but they don't care
I am determined to learn five out of ten and make thirty (table revision)
Review the past and learn the new.
Learning without thinking is useless.
Choose the good one and follow it (indicating obedience, then, then)
Knowledgeable and determined (tie, harmony, harmony)
Understand:
(1) People don't know or care (understand)
(2) Those who know are not as good as those who know.
(3) review the past and learn the new (get)
Le:
(1) Happy (happy, happy)
Good people are not as good as happy people.
Its:
Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. (personal pronoun, his)
People can't stand their worries (demonstrative pronouns, this and that)
Never change your preferences (personal pronouns, his)
Music is also among them (demonstrative pronoun, this)
Benevolence is in it (demonstrative pronoun, this)
Fourth, special sentence patterns
People don't know and don't care (ellipsis, people don't know me and I don't care)
You can be a teacher. (Elliptic sentences can be used as teachers. )
Hyun-jae, come back! (Omitted, verb inversion)
Choose the good and follow it, change the bad. (ellipsis)
The three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition. (judgment)
Appreciate:
The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It consists of several chapters, most of which are about the general principles of learning, moral cultivation and dealing with people. Twelve selections, on the one hand, show that learning should have a modest and studious attitude and the spirit of being diligent, inquisitive and seeking truth from facts; On the other hand, it expounds the learning methods of reviewing the old and learning the new, combining learning with thinking, and applying what they have learned, which have great influence on the educational theory of later generations. In addition, there are ideological and moral cultivation and the principle of educating people to behave themselves.
The first chapter talks about personal cultivation from learning methods, applying what you have learned and embodying the value of learning. Learning from time to time emphasizes that the learning of knowledge needs to be conscious and continuous practice. Having friends from afar shows that learning is a matter of mutual learning and communication. It has nothing to do with whether others know it or not, but does not seek fame and fortune and strives for self-improvement. ?
The second chapter emphasizes that we should reflect on ourselves at any time and improve our self-cultivation. ?
The third chapter describes the development process of Confucius lifelong learning in Germany. With the growth of age, the ideological realm is gradually improved, which is also a step-by-step process.
The fourth chapter emphasizes that thinking is the key to learning, and you can become a teacher only if you review old knowledge and find something.
The fifth chapter expounds the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking, that is, only by combining learning and thinking can we gain something.
Chapter VI: Self-cultivation should stand the test of hardships and hardships, showing Yan Hui's image as a gentleman.
The seventh chapter embodies the importance of learning interest.
The eighth chapter is about how to choose between wealth and benevolence, which embodies Confucius' thought that it is better to be poor, stick to benevolence and righteousness, and ill-gotten wealth is not desirable.
Chapter 9 emphasizes that no matter when and where, we should consult others with an open mind, learn from each other's strengths and have a correct attitude.
This sentence in Chapter 10 is Confucius' lament about the passage of time and the shortness of life. Warn people to cherish time.
Chapter 1 1 emphasizes sticking to one's ambition, defending one's personality and maintaining integrity.
Chapter 12 talks about the ways to improve one's self-cultivation, that is, erudition, determination, seriousness and thoughtfulness, which is also the way to seek benevolence.