The prevention and control of geological disasters is a process of highly integrated information, high-speed data transmission and comprehensive analysis. With the deepening of the work, this process will be a cyclical process. In this cycle, there are not only a large number of historical information collections, but also new information that is constantly generated. This information comes from all stages and departments of investigation and monitoring. Therefore, advanced information technology must be used to effectively collect and rationally allocate geological disaster data information, realize the secondary reorganization of information, give full play to the comprehensive processing ability of computer technology, and provide massive storage for geological disaster information and various related information; Provide a distributed network operating environment for multi-objective comprehensive analysis and management of multi-source heterogeneous information; Provide high-speed and effective data channels for information transmission and enjoyment of government departments at all levels and professional units.
11.1.1current situation of foreign geological work informatization
(1) Various information technologies have been widely used in the whole process of geological survey.
Palm computer, handwriting recognition technology, digital mapping technology, database technology, geographic information system technology, remote sensing information processing technology, etc. It has been fully applied in the description and management of attribute data, the release of geological survey maps, the integration and comprehensive management of data, and the collection of field data.
(2) The comprehensive application of geological information has been widely used.
Integrated management of multi-source heterogeneous data and cross-system and cross-platform data exchange and sharing technology are basically mature. The application of information technology in most developed countries in the world has gradually shifted from the construction of single database and simple application system to the comprehensive application of distributed large-scale database technology, large-scale geographic information system technology and Web service technology based on interoperability.
(3) A standardized system supporting data sharing and data interoperability has been formed.
In order to unify the understanding of geographic information and promote the sharing of geographic information, ISO has formulated 25 standards for the description, processing, management and service of geographic information, and basically formed a standard system that can support the sharing and interoperability of geographic information and geospatial information.
(4) Various application systems based on data, standards, networks and management mechanisms are taking shape.
At present, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea and other countries have begun to build the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). The Federal Data Commission of the United States put forward the concept of spatial data framework, aiming at providing a general basis on which all kinds of information can be accurately collected, registered or integrated. Resource work departments and resource work information play an important role in establishing national space infrastructure. In fact, the establishment of NSDI has become an important content of field informatization and an important foundation of geological work informatization.
(5) Network is becoming an important infrastructure for transmitting and obtaining geological information.
With the development of information technology, especially the development and application of network technology and metadata technology, the way of information service has undergone revolutionary changes. The development of network technology, especially the development of Internet, provides the infrastructure for publishing information on a global scale. Metadata technology has become an important technical means to effectively find and obtain the required information in the vast information resources. Especially in the network, it not only provides simple data, but also pays attention to the secondary development of information and provides deep-seated applications based on knowledge.
(6) Information technology has been applied in the field of geological disaster monitoring, investigation and prevention.
At present, major foreign developed countries (the United States, Canada, Japan, France, etc. ) have carried out geological disaster monitoring and early warning work, forming a certain scale of geological disaster monitoring and early warning system, but the system covering a large area is rare. The whole process of automatic monitoring, wireless transmission and information release of some geological disasters has been digitized and automated. However, only a few countries have established an integrated information system platform integrating monitoring, engineering information, forecasting and decision-making. In foreign countries, this kind of monitoring system is generally based on professional database based on spatial information, combined with special database platform system and monitoring system to form a professional monitoring network.
1 1. 1.2 Current situation of domestic geological work informatization
(1) The construction of basic database is in full swing, and the accumulation of data resources is greatly improved.
In decades of geological exploration, a large number of geo-spatial data and formatted geo-text and map resources have been accumulated. In recent years, around the overall goal of information construction, based on geographic information system technology and data warehouse technology, the construction of geoscience basic database has been fully launched.
(2) The digital technology of field data collection in geological survey has matured.
The field data acquisition system of regional geological survey has matured and started to be popularized and applied. At present, the "digital regional geological survey field acquisition system" which integrates PDA, GPS, GIS and other information technologies has been built, which is an innovative information technology achievement and has been put into practical use.
(3) The backbone network system of national geological survey was initially formed.
After the construction of information engineering in recent years, the backbone network of geological survey distributed in six regions of China has been initially formed, and the Internet system of geological survey has been formed through 2M digital communication circuit. It laid a foundation for the comprehensive construction of geological survey network system.
(4) A number of informatization standards have been formulated.
Through the deployment and implementation of all work, a number of standards have been formulated to guide database construction, network construction and application software development. The standards that have been implemented and applied include: guidelines for the construction of geological map spatial database, guidelines for the construction of mineral land database, guidelines for the construction of solid mineral borehole database, guidelines for the construction of natural heavy sand database, and metadata standards for geological survey. The standards being formulated include: Technical Specification for Digital Mapping of Geological Survey, Guide for the Application of GIS in Mineral Resources Evaluation, Guide for the Field Data Collection of Regional Geological Survey, Technical Specification for the Construction of National Geological Survey Network System, Regulations for the Management of Geological Survey Software Development and Configuration, and Guide for the Management and Work of Geological Survey Software Development and Testing, etc.
(5) Developed a batch of application software.
With the information construction and the utilization of information resources, software systems involving different fields of geological survey have been developed, including: geoscience general algorithm toolkit, geoscience visualization tools, regional mineral resources evaluation system, northwest groundwater resources evaluation system, geological data security release system, human resource management system, official document operation system and so on.
(six) the construction of resources, environment and spatial information sharing application system.
With the national "863" project, the demonstration application based on spatial information grid technology (SIG) has made initial progress, and the national geological spatial data sharing service system based on SIG technology is under construction.