(1. China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing100083; 2. China Geo University (Beijing), Beijing 100083)
On the basis of analyzing the application limitations of 3D visualization technology in petroleum field, the construction process and data organization and management mode of global 3D visualization system are given. With ArcSDE as the spatial data engine and Oracle 10g as the platform, a massive spatial database of oil and gas exploration in Sichuan Basin is established. Based on Skyline TerraSuite, a 3D visualization software platform, and TerraDeveloper, a powerful 3D visualization development platform, an integrated oil and gas exploration information management platform based on global 3D model is designed and developed. The system integrates basic geographic database, regional geological database, ground engineering database, remote sensing image database, stratigraphic database, fault data and logging data, which not only provides powerful basic data management of oil and gas exploration, three-dimensional terrain modeling and model visualization, but also provides a visual analysis and design platform for professional technicians.
Keywords: 3D Visualization and 3D Geographic Information System Global Navigation for Oil and Gas Exploration in Sichuan Basin
Research on Application of 3D Visualization Technology in Petroleum Exploration Information Management in Sichuan Basin
Tang Xianming 1, 2, Qu Shouli 1, Lei Xinhua 2
(1. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing100083; 2. China Geo University, Beijing 100083)
Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the current application of 3D visualization in petroleum field, the construction process and data structure of the global 3D visualization system are introduced. Using ArcSDE as the spatial data engine and Oracle 10g, the "Sichuan Basin Petroleum Exploration Geographic Database" was established. Based on Skyline Terra Developer, the software system of "3D petroleum exploration data management and integration platform based on 3D global model" is designed and established. The system integrates geographic database, regional geological database, ground engineering database, remote sensing image database, stratigraphic database, fault data and logging database with 3D terrain modeling, and realizes the functions of oil exploration data management, 3D terrain modeling and 3D geological model visualization. It is a visual platform to help geologists and technicians design and analyze.
Keywords: Sichuan Basin 3D Visualization 3D Geographic Information System Global Navigation of Petroleum Exploration
With the rapid development of computer graphics and image software and hardware technology, 3D terrain visualization technology has been widely used in more and more fields, building a virtual global geographical environment, providing various professionals with 3D real-time interaction, work, research and communication, and gradually turning from a dream into a reality. Three-dimensional visualization technology has been highly valued and widely used in petroleum industry. It makes full use of three-dimensional seismic information and seismic attributes, and describes various complex data fields and data relationships with three-dimensional graphics that people can easily perceive.
Oil and gas exploration is to collect all kinds of original geological data in the field through different technical means, process and interpret them to form results, and then use various scientific methods to evaluate basins, trap evaluation and oil and gas reserves, carry out exploration planning and deployment, well location design and comprehensive geological research, and complete exploration scientific research and production tasks. In the process of oil and gas exploration, various oilfield enterprises have accumulated massive, heterogeneous and multi-source geographic data, exploration basic data and achievement data, and the comprehensive application of these information is of great significance to guiding oilfield production. Using 3D GIS technology and integrating and managing surface geographic information and underground geological information based on "Digital Earth", a 3D real-time interactive working platform for research, analysis, decision-making, planning and implementation of oil and gas exploration and development can effectively evaluate potential oil resources, locate the spatial distribution and characteristics of oil and gas resources timely, accurately and intuitively, and carry out exploration and development correctly and effectively.
Application Status of 1 3D Visualization Technology
Up to now, three-dimensional terrain visualization technology is divided into two types, one is surface rendering technology, and the other is volume rendering technology. In geological research, volume rendering technology is mainly used. Three-dimensional geoscience simulation mainly includes three-dimensional geological modeling and visualization, in which the former is the basis of the latter and the latter is the expression of the former [1]. At present, there are many mature commercial software systems for 3D seismic data visualization, such as EarthCube, Geoviz, gOcad, VoleGeo and so on. Foreign countries have 3DV of Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Bureau, and domestic three-dimensional seismic microcomputer interpretation system of Double Fox Company. These softwares involve geological modeling, seismic exploration, mining evaluation, deposit simulation, planning and design, production management and other fields, and each has its own advantages in function, so it is hard to say which is more advanced [2, 3]. However, they are mainly specialized systems oriented to the geological field, based on local areas rather than global areas, and their support for massive basic geographic data and remote sensing image data is also weak. Based on this situation, this paper designs and develops a spatial data management platform based on global three-dimensional model based on Skyline, an excellent foreign three-dimensional visualization software platform, and uses Visual C#, which integrates massive, heterogeneous, multi-source and multi-scale basic geographic data, basic data and achievement data of oil and gas exploration and remote sensing images in Sichuan Basin, and realizes smooth three-dimensional terrain display and geological analysis of oil and gas exploration.
2 technical background and basic process of system development
With the deepening of geoscience application, people are increasingly demanding to understand the world and deal with problems based on global perspective and true three-dimensional space. However, 3D space is complex and contains a lot of information, which requires the integration of 3D visualization and 3D space object management. At the same time, due to the huge differences in 3D applications, it is necessary to adopt an open architecture to realize user customization. Based on this understanding, Skyline TerraSuite provides a general three-dimensional spatial data model and its management function, and allows dynamic expansion of modeling and analysis plug-ins for specific application fields to adapt to specific three-dimensional applications. The whole TerraSuite software system is shown in figure 1.
The realization of the system is divided into four parts: the construction of three-dimensional earth scene, the establishment of central database, the customization of three-dimensional visualization environment and the customization of scene driving and application.
Figure 1 TerraSuite software system for skyline
2. 1 Earth 3D Scene Construction
Scene construction is to express the scenes and objects to be simulated into a set of three-dimensional graphic objects stored in the computer through mathematical methods. Site construction is divided into the following steps:
(1)DEM data collection: Collect the contour data of all scales or stereo image pairs of space remote sensing images with various resolutions in the work area, and establish the digital elevation model (DEM) of this area.
(2)DOM data generation: Using ground control points and DEM data, carefully correct the low, medium and high resolution remote sensing images in the work area, and then generate a digital orthophoto map (DOM).
(3)DLG data collection: collect topographic maps and field data at all levels in the work area, and establish DLG at all levels in the work area.
(4)GIS data conversion: the DLG data obtained in the data acquisition stage is converted into a data format acceptable to TerraBuilder through GIS tools.
(5) Data modeling: modeling some oilfield ground buildings, landmarks, oil wells or other oilfield equipment in 3D MAX or MultiGen or TerraBuilder.
(6) Earth 3D scene construction: import the above data into TerraBuilder to create a realistic, geographical and accurate Earth 3D model (MPT file).
2.2 the establishment of a central database
The integrated management platform of oil and gas exploration information based on global three-dimensional model is a highly integrated application system. In the process of system construction, we must fully consider the key issues involved in the system, such as the integration of multi-disciplinary graphics, attributes, images and text data, the integration of system database and system software functions, and the integration of system and network environment. In order to realize the integration and expansion of functions, considering the regional, multidimensional, sequential, massive and heterogeneous characteristics of petroleum exploration and development data, it is planned to use the large commercial relational database Oracle 10g and the spatial data engine ArcSDE to centrally manage these massive data and establish a data center, so as to solve the problems of data sharing, network integration, concurrency control, cross-platform operation and data security recovery mechanism.
2.3 Customize 3D visualization environment
On the basis of global three-dimensional scenes, you can superimpose the thematic information you care about, and through the interface with the database, you can also integrate the multi-dimensional and dynamic spatial information stored in the central database, thus creating an exciting interactive three-dimensional visualization environment to highlight the characteristics of a region, show its functions and relationships, and show the region from a unique perspective.
2.4 Scene-driven and application customization
(1) 3D visualization program: You can directly call the established 3D visualization environment through the API interface, or you can generate a real-time scene according to the parameters of the 3D scene and dynamically load the layers, which is helpful to intuitively understand the relationship between spatial data.
(2) Three-dimensional spatial query and interaction: directly in the three-dimensional visualization environment, interactive query and other operations are provided for various data and scene entities stored in the central database, providing a dynamic environment and serving for further spatial decision-making.
(3) Application customization: Using various ActiveX controls provided by TerraDeveloper software development package, you can build your own 3D-oriented application and realize application integration with other systems [4].
3 system overall design
3. 1 system architecture
According to the functional requirements of the system, the system is technically required to have the characteristics of adapting to business changes, high security and large-capacity data storage and processing, so the technical framework of the system adopts a three-tier B(C)/AS/DS structure. At the same time, considering the integration between the system and other professional systems, it is planned to adopt the application integration technology based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and Web Services(Web Services) to build a comprehensive management service platform for surface geographic information and underground geological information based on "Digital Earth". The architecture of the whole system is shown in Figure 2.
3.2 Organization form of system data
The organization form of system data is the key of visualization system, and its advantages and disadvantages will directly affect the efficiency of scene drawing. In the spatial data management platform based on the global three-dimensional model, it mainly includes three parts of data: ① scene data, that is, terrain information contained in the scene environment, is included in the image processing. Mpt file; ② The graphic data of physical objects, that is, the graphic information of oil and gas exploration physical objects, are three-dimensional models processed by three-dimensional image processing software such as 3D MAX; ③ Object attribute data, that is, oil and gas exploration attribute information. All information about the object is contained in the. Fly file, object-oriented scene data is organized in the form of layers. At present, the systematically integrated data layers in Sichuan Basin mainly include:
(1)DLG—— digital line drawing: the layers of land cover, vegetation, roads, water systems, residential areas and other scales in the whole region.
Fig. 2 Architecture of oil and gas exploration data management platform based on global three-dimensional model
(2)DEM- digital elevation model: digital elevation model data of different scales in the whole region.
(3)DOM- digital orthophoto: color orthophoto with different scales and resolutions in the whole region.
(4)DRG- digital raster map: the raster data of topographic maps with different scales in the whole region.
(5) National geographical names data.
(6) 1: 200000 geological map.
(7) Basic exploration data: survey network, mine and three-dimensional exploration area.
(8) Data of exploration results: seismic anomalies, type I progradation, type II progradation, reefs, reefs, beaches and facies zones, etc.
(9) Structural data: faults, isolines, etc. (Xuanhan, Tongnan Eight).
(10) well location data.
(1 1) Ground engineering data: natural gas pipelines and roads.
3.3 System Function Module
The oil and gas exploration information management and integration system based on the global three-dimensional model is divided into oil exploration data management, three-dimensional basic operation, three-dimensional GIS navigation query, three-dimensional analysis and other modules. The main interface of the system is shown in Figure 3.
The specific functions of each module are as follows:
(1) Oil exploration data management: The system uses GIS technology, XML technology and spatial database technology to store and manage surface and underground information such as multi-scale basic geographic information, exploration basic data and achievement data, multi-resolution remote sensing images, various charts and text reports. The functions of recording (importing), converting, editing and querying the data and results obtained from geographical base map and oil and gas geological exploration are realized. In addition, the system also provides hyperlinks to target entities and related services, such as the storage and management functions of test table attribute data and graphic data related to drilling, and the query of various basic information and test results related to drilling.
System interface of oil and gas exploration data management platform based on global three-dimensional model.
(2) 3D basic operation function: In the global 3D scene, the following functions are realized:
Three-dimensional basic functions such as enlargement, reduction, translation and rotation;
Select an object, center it, and browse for it.
Fly or jump to a specific object;
Obtaining the latitude and longitude coordinates and elevation values of any point in the scene;
Point objects and line objects of the scene can be scaled independently of the attempt;
Provides snapshots and printouts of the scene.
(3) 3D GIS navigation query: realize 3D positioning navigation analysis of basic geographic information, geological data and exploration data in the global coordinate system.
Global positioning and navigation anywhere;
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional linkage function;
Ranging, orthogonality, elevation and profile generation;
Three-dimensional modeling of surface entities and management of various attributes;
You can customize the three-dimensional browsing function of flight path and angle of view. You can make your own flight route, or you can choose a predefined flight route for three-dimensional flight (Figure 4).
(4) Three-dimensional analysis function:
Fig. 4 Flight path setting of oil and gas exploration data management platform based on global three-dimensional model.
Measurement function: measure the distance (horizontal, vertical, undulating with the terrain) and area;
Area object selection: you can select objects by polygon box selection, obtain the object set in the selected area, count the number of entities in the area, and form a classified list;
Profile observation: profile observation of the scene in the selected area can analyze the surface fluctuation;
Contour drawing: select a specified range with a rectangular box, and the contour map of this range can be displayed, and the contour display mode can be set arbitrarily;
Optimal path analysis: according to the given parameter information such as lofting interval, maximum uphill, maximum downhill and allowable lofting width, the optimal lofting line is automatically calculated according to the terrain trend;
Line of sight analysis: according to the system of picking up two points on the ground, the visibility between two points can be automatically calculated;
Horizon analysis: you can analyze the visibility of the horizon at any point and perspective in the scene;
Spatial analysis: Choose a certain radius for the location of the emergency, and use the analysis tool to make the spatial range of the whole target point and provide decision.
4 system application extension
The oil and gas exploration information management and integration system based on global three-dimensional model not only provides powerful functions such as surface and underground oil and gas exploration information data management, three-dimensional modeling and model visualization, global positioning navigation and so on. In addition, system expansion and professional system integration can be carried out to realize the deep application of oil and gas exploration and development. Such as field geological exploration path optimization and work arrangement, seismic data acquisition and observation system design and optimization, exploration well site location optimization and engineering calculation, development well site deployment planning and pre-drilling engineering analysis, oil and gas gathering and transportation ground engineering design and scheme optimization, target block waterway information planning and optimization, global positioning system integration and oilfield field service.
5 conclusion
Three-dimensional visualization technology has matured at home and abroad, but the three-dimensional geographic information system (GIS) based on the global three-dimensional model has just started, especially for the three-dimensional integrated management of surface and underground oil and gas exploration information, which lacks classical models and mature experience. Based on the global three-dimensional oil and gas exploration information management and integration system designed and developed by Skyline TerraDeveloper, this paper focuses on the interactive surface and underground oil and gas exploration information management system under the virtual reality environment, and gives the system composition scheme and prototype system of the interactive virtual reality global navigation platform. The whole system runs reliably, is easy to transplant and maintain, and has powerful spatial analysis function. Based on the research status of 3D geological modeling and visualization system, the development trend of related technologies and the application requirements of practical engineering practice, the author thinks that the following problems need to be further explored, studied and solved:
(1) Research and realize the seamless integration and visualization of the above-ground and underground three-dimensional integration of the existing spatial data integration management platform based on the global three-dimensional model.
(2) Constantly enrich the interfaces with other 3D seismic analysis software.
(3) The research and development of network 3D visualization system based on VRML/X3D technology has laid a foundation for the general public, professional technicians and geological scientists to provide more general support and services.
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