As an ancient civilization in the world, China has a long history. According to archaeological findings and research, about 12000 years ago, with the invention of agriculture, the burning of pottery and the use of grinding stone tools, society has developed from Paleolithic to Neolithic. In the Neolithic Age, agriculture and handicrafts developed greatly, and relics reflecting spiritual culture were found frequently. From 5,500 to 4,500 years ago, in the late Neolithic period, the settlement level differentiation was obvious, the gap between the rich and the poor widened sharply, and the society entered a period of great transformation. The famous archaeologist Mr. Su once divided the evolution of ancient civilization in China into three stages: ancient country-kingdom-empire. During the period of social transformation from 5500 to 4500 years ago, it was in the stage of "ancient country" In the "ancient country" stage, large-scale sacrificial facilities appeared in several early civilization centers, and a large amount of social wealth was used for sacrificial activities, and theocracy was above everything else. From 4,500 years ago to 22 1 year BC, before Qin Shihuang unified China, it was a "kingdom (square country)" stage, which was equivalent to the documented Yao, Shun and Yu periods and the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. At this stage, the kingship supported by military power rose to the dominant position, and the theocratic country became a kingship country. From 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China to the end of Qing Dynasty, it was an "imperial system" stage. The county system replaced the feudal system, and the centralized administrative bureaucracy became the main tool for the emperor to realize state management, and "writing" became an important link to maintain a unified country.
As an ancient civilization in the world, China has rich connotations and unique characteristics. The ancient civilization of China was formed on the basis of agriculture, but at the same time there were also factors from the nomadic culture of grassland. Even from the agricultural point of view, there is not only one source. According to archaeological findings, as early as the Neolithic Age, several distinctive cultural flora had been formed in the Yellow River basin and the millet-growing area to the north, the Yangtze River basin and the rice-growing area to the south, and each cultural flora could be divided into different types. In the development process of different cultures and different types of cultural flora, through communication, influence, collision, integration and even differentiation and reorganization, to the Longshan culture era about 4,500-4,000 years ago, with the establishment of Xia Kingdom as an opportunity, the Central Plains culture became a melting pot to absorb and integrate advanced factors of other surrounding cultures, and became a leading culture with a higher development level than the surrounding cultures. Different from other ancient civilizations in the world, the "multi-integration" model of the origin, formation and development of China ancient civilization determines the diversity and uniqueness of its manifestations.
As an ancient civilization in the world, China has its own origin and development, and also has a vast world of opening to the outside world. While expanding and exerting its influence in the surrounding areas, it has also accepted many advanced factors of other civilizations to strengthen itself. The history of the development of ancient civilization in China for thousands of years proves that self-isolation can only shrink and die; Only by opening to the outside world can we continuously gain new development opportunities and impetus.
China, as an ancient civilization in the world, didn't start the earliest and developed the fastest, but it continued uninterrupted, which is incomparable to other ancient civilizations in the world. In its thousands of years of historical development, although there have been the demise and replacement of dynasties, wars and divisions, unity has always been the mainstream. As the essence of civilization, stable system, integrated writing and even etiquette thoughts have always dominated the direction of social and cultural development.
China today is China yesterday, and China tomorrow is China today. China once had a splendid ancient civilization, and China will certainly create a more colorful modern civilization. 19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the feudal monarchy for more than 2,000 years. 1949 The new-democratic revolution opened a new era in which the people were truly masters of the country. Today, the rolling wheel of history has entered the 2 1 century. Under the leadership of the Chinese Production Party, people of all ethnic groups in China are following the footsteps of their ancestors, inheriting excellent historical and cultural traditions, and striving to create new and better socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization. Civilization magazine, with the mission of building China's top visual humanities periodical and inheriting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, has been based in China for five years, looking at the world, communicating with the outside world, connecting the past with the future, showing a colorful humanistic world to the public with a unique perspective, rich content, simple words and gorgeous pictures, inspiring people and playing a unique role in building a harmonious society and a harmonious world.
As far as the column of "Ancient Civilization" is concerned, the introduction of a series of major archaeological discoveries is always refreshing: "Barley rock paintings may rewrite the history of China", so that everyone can see the unique image description of Yangshao culture found in Ningxia in the farming-pastoral ecotone from 8000 to 6000 years ago, in order to explore the earliest characters in China. "Xiaohe Cemetery: Mysterious Hall of Death" shows the white-blooded ancestors' tombs buried 5,000 to 4,000 years ago in the Peacock River Basin of Xinjiang, which proves that as early as the Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age, Xinjiang is now a place where eastern and western cultures meet. Before Zhang Qian reached the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty, different ethnic groups lived here. Through exquisite bronzes and lacquerware, "Fog Around Jiuliandun" lets everyone once again appreciate the profound Chu culture represented by the tombs of Chu nobles and chariots and horses pits more than 2,300 years ago. Exploring the Underground Palace of the Han Dynasty and The Mystery of the Underground Warrior of the Han Dynasty not only showed the dignity of noble people in the Han Dynasty to the public, but also left layers of doubts and conjectures for the chaotic arrangement of coffins and buried terracotta warriors and horses. Dazu Stone Carving: the secular belief in Buddhist grottoes. Through Dunhuang Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Dazu Grottoes, it reveals the China and secularization process of Buddhist art since it was introduced to China from India in the early Han Dynasty, and shows the tolerant attitude of China culture to foreign cultures and its ability to absorb, integrate and transform. "Where is the soul of Genghis Khan?" This paper reports the excavation process of Genghis Khan's mausoleum in Mongolia by archaeologists from Mongolia, the United States and Japan. Although there are some possible related discoveries, it also leaves more mysterious thoughts. Of course, there are many similar topics. Although these topics introduce a certain period, a certain region and a certain ethnic group in the development process of China for thousands of years, they are dazzling exercises like pearls, which can reflect the long history of Chinese civilization.
Excerpted from Baidu netizens, thank you.