Land Resources Hainan Island is the largest "tropical treasure land" in China, with a total land area of 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the national tropical land area. The land available for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is about 0.48 hectares per capita. Due to the superior light, heat and water conditions, the growth and reproduction rate of organisms are better than those in temperate and subtropical regions. Farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops can be harvested two or three times a year. According to suitability, land resources in Hainan Island can be divided into seven types: suitable cultivated land, suitable rubber land, suitable hot land, suitable woodland, suitable grazing land, water surface land and other land. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized about 3152,000 hectares of land, and undeveloped land is about 260,000 hectares, of which about 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for reclamation and mechanical tillage. Hainan is rich in land reserve resources and has great development potential. Crop Resources Grain crops are the crops with the largest area, the widest distribution and the highest output value in Hainan, mainly including rice, upland rice, Shan Lan slope rice and wheat, followed by sweet potato, cassava, taro, corn, sorghum, millet and beans. Cash crops mainly include sugarcane, hemp, peanuts, sesame seeds, tea and so on. There are many kinds of fruits, belonging to 53 genera and 29 families of cultivated and wild fruits. The fruits cultivated into commodities mainly include pineapple, litchi, longan, banana, plantain, citrus, mango, watermelon, carambola and jackfruit. There are 120 varieties of vegetables. Hainan Island is rich in tropical crop resources. There are more than 3000 kinds of tropical plants on the island. After the founding of New China, more than 0/000 species of tropical plants were introduced from abroad, and more than 0/000 species of useful plants were excavated from foreign wild resources for cultivation experiments, all of which achieved remarkable results. At present, tropical crops with large planting area and high economic value mainly include rubber, coconut, oil palm, betel nut, pepper, sisal, citronella, cashew nuts and cocoa. Plant Resources Hainan is the origin of tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon forest, with fast growth of vegetation and various plant species. Up to now, there are more than 4,000 species of vascular plants in Hainan Island, accounting for about17 of the national total, including more than 600 species endemic to Hainan. Among more than 4000 kinds of plant resources, there are more than 2500 kinds of medicinal plants; There are more than 2,000 species of trees and shrubs, among which more than 800 species are of high economic value, and more than 20 species are listed as special products and rare tree species under state protection. Fruit trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 species; More than 70 kinds of aromatic plants; There are more than 200 kinds of tropical ornamental flowers and garden trees. The largest plant resource reserve is the tropical forest plant community type, and the vertical zoning of tropical forest vegetation is obvious, with the characteristics of mixed, multi-layer, different age, evergreen, dry height and crown width. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Bawangling, Diaoluoshan and Limushan, among which Wuzhishan is undeveloped virgin forest. Tropical forests are famous all over the country for producing precious tropical timber. Among more than 65,438+0,400 species of coniferous broad-leaved trees, there are 800 species of trees, of which 458 species are listed as national commercial timber, 5 species belong to special types of timber, including red sandalwood, slope base, amethyst, litchi and mother tree, 34 species belong to Grade I, 48 species belong to Grade II and 65,438+belongs to Grade III. Animal Resources There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Hainan, including 37 species of amphibians (1 1 species is only found in Hainan, and 8 species are listed as national endemic animals). Reptiles 104 species; 344 species of birds; 82 species of mammals (2 1 species is endemic to Hainan). Rare animals in the world are: black-crowned gibbon and deer, one of the four great apes in the world. Water deer, macaques and clouded leopards are also very precious. South medicine resources Hainan is rich in animals and plants, and is known as the "natural medicine storehouse". Of the more than 4,000 substances, about 2,000 can be used as medicine, accounting for 40% of the country. There are 500 species recorded in the Pharmacopoeia. There are 0/37 kinds of anticancer plants/kloc-and more than 30 kinds of southern medicines. The most famous are areca nut, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum and Morinda officinalis. There are nearly 50 kinds of animal medicinal materials and marine medicinal materials such as velvet antler, monkey ointment, bezoar, pangolin, hawksbill, sea dragon, seahorse, sea snake, amber, pearl, sea cucumber, coral, mussel shell, oyster, concha Haliotidis, shark's fin and tortoise plastron. Aquatic resources Hainan's marine aquatic resources have the characteristics of wide marine fishing grounds, many varieties, fast growth and long fishing period, and are an ideal place for developing tropical marine fisheries in China. The province's marine fishing ground covers an area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers, and the coastal beach culture area is 25,700 hectares. There are more than 800 kinds of marine aquatic products, more than 600 kinds of fish and more than 40 kinds of main marine economic fish. Many precious white products have been cultivated in shallow sea, and there are about 25,000 hectares of artificially cultivated shallow sea beaches, and more than 20 kinds of fish, shrimp, shellfish and bathing places with high economic value have been cultivated. There are 72 species of freshwater fishes 15 families, 57 genera in Hainan Island (excluding anadromous fish). Sea salt resources Hainan Island is an ideal natural salt field in China, and salt can be dried in many places along coastal harbors and beaches. At present, it is concentrated in the arc zone from Sanya to the eastern coast for hundreds of miles. Large salt fields such as Yinggehai, Dongfang and Yuya have been built, among which Yinggehai Salt Field is a rare large salt field in southern China. Mineral resources Hainan has a variety of mineral resources. By 199 1 year, among the 148 kinds of minerals in industrial reserve, 57 kinds of minerals with certain development and utilization value have been found in Hainan (65 kinds can be classified according to industrial use); There are 126 deposits with various reserves (including 6 large underground water sources), including 3 large deposits, 3 medium deposits and 64 small deposits. There are more than 10 dominant minerals in China, such as glass quartz sand, natural gas, ilmenite, zircon, sapphire, crystal, gibbsite, oil shale, fertilizer limestone and zeolite. Among them, the iron ore reserves of Shilu Iron Mine account for about 70% of the country's rich iron ore reserves, ranking first in the country; Titanium ore reserves account for 70% of the country; Zirconite reserves account for 60% of the country's total. In addition, gold, cement limestone, granite and mineral water also have important development value. Geological survey and energy resources exploration have confirmed that Hainan is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and three large sedimentary basins, namely Beibu Gulf, Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan, have been delineated successively, with a total area of about 6,543.8+200,000 square kilometers, of which the favorable prospect area for oil and gas exploration is about 60,000 square kilometers. Hydraulic resources: The theoretical hydropower reserves of large and small rivers in Hainan Island are about 65.438+00,000 kilowatts, which can be exploited for about 650,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is about 2.6 billion kWh. The reserve of groundwater resources is about 7.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 20% of the total water resources, of which 2.53 billion cubic meters can be developed and utilized theoretically. At present, the energy resources that have not been exploited and have great potential are ocean energy, solar energy and bioenergy. Tourism resources Hainan tourism website: Hainan's tourism resources are very rich and distinctive, mainly in the following aspects: 1, coastal landscape: on the coastline of Hainan 1528 km, sandy coast accounts for about 50- 60%, the beach is several hundred meters to several thousand meters wide, and the slope to the sea is generally 5 degrees, extending slowly; Most places are calm, the sea is clear, the sand is as white as floc, clean and soft; The shore is shaded by trees and the air is fresh; The seawater temperature is generally 18- 30 degrees Celsius, and the sunshine is sufficient and bright. Sea bathing, sunbathing, sand bathing and wind bathing can be carried out most of the year. Today, international tourists like sunshine, sea water, beach, green and air, and the coast around Hainan Island has both. From Qiongshan Mountain to the east coast of Sanya, there are more than 60 places that can be turned into beaches. There are different types of coastal attractions along the island. On the east coast, there are also special tropical coastal forest landscapes-mangroves and unique tropical coastal landscapes-coral reefs, all of which have high ornamental value. At present, four mangrove reserves have been established in Dongzhai Port of Qiongshan City and Qinglan Port of Wenchang City. 2. Mountains and tropical virgin forests: Hainan Island has 8 1 mountain peaks with an altitude of1meter, which are ups and downs, unique and magnificent. The well-known Wuzhishan, whose top is serrated and shaped like five fingers, is a mountain climbing and summer resort, such as the magnificent Ying Ge Ridge, the rugged Dongshan Mountain, the Taiping Mountain with waterfalls, Qixianling Mountain, Leifeng Mountain, Diaoluo Mountain and Bawangling Mountain. The mountainous areas of Hainan are densely covered with tropical virgin forests, the most famous of which are Jianfengling in Ledong County, Bawangling in Changjiang County, Diaoluoshan in Lingshui County and Wuzhishan in Qiongzhong County, among which Jianfengling is the most typical. 3. Rare birds and animals: In order to protect species, Hainan has established a number of wildlife nature reserves and domestication farms, including the black-crowned gibbon reserve in Bawangling, Changjiang County, the Datian Polu reserve in Dongfang County, the Dazhou Island (Jin Siyan) reserve in Wanning City, and the macaque reserve in Nanwan Peninsula, Lingshui County. 4. Scenery of rivers, waterfalls and reservoirs: Nandu River, Changhua River, Wanquan River and other rivers, with alternating beaches and lakes, are good places for sightseeing, especially the famous "Wanquan River Scenery" in China. Rivers or mountain streams in the depths of the mountains swirl in the dense forests of the mountains, with huge stones overlapping in the middle and numerous waterfalls, especially Taiping Mountain Waterfall in Tongshi City, Baihualing Waterfall in Qiongzhong County and Wuzhishan Waterfall, which have long enjoyed a good reputation. There are many reservoirs in Hainan Island, especially Songtao, Fu Nan, Changmao and Shilu, which have the beauty of lakes and mountains, but lakes are not as good as lakes. 5. Volcanoes, caves and hot springs: Volcanic eruptions in history left many dead craters in Hainan Island. The most typical is Shuangling, located in Shishan, Qiongshan City, with an altitude of more than 200 meters. There are two craters on the ridge, with a concave ridge in the middle, which looks like a saddle, also known as Ma 'anling. The Leihuling crater and Luopanjing crater near this mountain are also well preserved and very wonderful. There are also many karst caves in various forms, such as Dishui Cave in Sanya, Ganlong Cave in Baoting County and Huangdi Cave in Changjiang County. Hot springs are widely distributed on the island. Most of them are therapeutic hot springs, with low salinity, high temperature, large quantity of water, good water quality and pleasant scenery. Xinglong Hot Springs, Nanping Hot Springs, Yanglan Hot Springs, Qixianling Hot Springs, Guantang Hot Springs and Ban Ling Hot Springs are suitable for the development of tourism integrating sightseeing, recuperation and scientific research. 6. Historical sites: The historical sites mainly include the Wugong Temple built to commemorate five famous historical officials, including Li Deyu, who was demoted to Hainan Island in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Dongpo Academy, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Gong Temple built to commemorate Su Dongpo, Qiongtai Academy built to visit Jiao, Qiu Jun, a famous official in the Ming Dynasty, and the tomb of Hai Rui. Revolutionary memorial sites include the former site of Qiongya Column Command, the red women soldiers memorial statue in Jiaji Town, Jinniuling Martyrs Cemetery, Baisha Uprising Memorial Hall, Songjiazu House, Soong Ching Ling Exhibition Hall, etc. 7. Ethnic customs: In addition to the Han nationality, the ethnic minorities living in Hainan Island are Li, Miao and Hui. Today, ethnic minorities have retained many simple folk customs and unique living habits, making Hainan's social outlook appear rich and colorful. Hainan is the only Li inhabited area in China. Li nationality has unique national culture and customs and unique tourism value. 8. Tropical crops and rural scenery: Hainan Island has planted a large number of tropical crops, which greatly enriched the natural landscape. Visitors to the island can not only enjoy the tropical pastoral scenery, increase their knowledge, but also taste tropical fruits.
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